共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
2.
土壤氡浓度日变化影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地表壤氡可以反映地下深部的水文、地质、矿产、热源等信息,但土壤氡浓度有年变和日变的特点。为了研究土壤氡浓度日变化规律及其影响因素,采用α能谱测氡仪对土壤氡进行连续测量。结果表明:土壤氡浓度呈单峰型日变化特征,最大值出现在19:00~22:00,最小值出现在11:00~14:00,土壤温度是影响土壤氡浓度的关键因子,土壤氡浓度与土壤温度呈正相关。降雨对土壤氡浓度有显著的影响,降雨后土壤氡浓度出现双峰型日变化特征,其变化与土壤湿度和空气温度等气象因素有关。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
拖尾分布是溶质运移规律研究的热点和难点。死端孔隙、透镜体等空间结构形成的非均质性以及密度变化产生的指状流会导致溶质运移拖尾分布。论文选择保守性溶质氯化钠作为示踪剂,采用砂柱实验系统地研究了以死端孔隙导致的非均质性以及由不同浓度和温度形成的变密度条件对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响。实验结果表明:死端孔隙的存在会延迟溶质运移穿透曲线出峰时间,降低峰值及出现拖尾分布,随着死端孔隙介质体积或数量的增加这一现象越明显;随着溶液浓度的增加拖尾现象越明显,且温度的升高会加剧这一现象。对比死端孔隙、温度和浓度三者对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响,其中影响最大的是死端孔隙,其次是浓度和温度。 相似文献
6.
固体径迹探测技术在环境氡监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对醋酸纤维素和CR-39探测器进行比较研究,在确定两种探测器的蚀刻条件和改进径迹计数方法的基础上,对CR-39探测器进行刻度,刻度系数为0.035 Tc/cm2/Bq.h/m3。应用固体径迹测氡方法对安阳地区和成都市室内外氡浓度进行测量,结果表明安阳地区室内外氡浓度范围在13.0 Bq/m3~54.2 Bq/m3之间,成都市室内外氡浓度范围14.1 Bq/m3~43.2 Bq/m3之间,低于GB/t16146-1995规定的氡浓度标准。监测过程发现,装饰地板材料是影响室内氡浓度的一个主要因素,水泥厂、钢铁厂等工业污染是影响室外氡浓度水平的重要因素。 相似文献
7.
氡、氦等气体地球化学在地震科学研究中的进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统回顾了氡、氦的气体地球化学特征及其在地震科学研究中的应用情况。在分析氡、氦等地下气体在地壳中浓度变化的影响因素基础上,总结出氡、氦等地下气体浓度变化具年变（或日变）规律,且受多种因素诸如其自身的地球化学行为、气候条件、地质构造及区域应力场等的综合影响。归纳了近30年来在氡、氦的理论和实验研究以及氡异常的形成机理研究方面所取得的进展。氡、氦等地下气体在地震监测预报及基础研究方面日益发挥出越来越重要的作用,但对其自身的认识还远远不够,提出了今后应在氡、氦等地下气体的异常迁移、实验研究、资料处理过程中对干扰因素的排除以及开展深部气体运移与地震活动的关系等方面开展研究的建议。 相似文献
8.
蓟县山前土壤氡浓度与断裂和地热关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者通过对天津蓟县山前地段土壤氡浓度的测量,对土壤氡-断裂-地热三者关系进行了研究,判明了这三者之间的物理相关性和形成机理的内在联系,其主要结论是:氡浓度异常与断裂构造的走向、地热异常的范围具有一致性,且氡浓度异常与地热异常具有正相关性;地下水的运移是产生氡浓度异常及地热异常的充分条件,构造破碎带是导通和富集氡浓度异常及地热异常的必要条件.在不同的构造单元中,可产生不同的热储类型.本方法可以确定地热资源的勘查方向,为地热资源的开发利用提供旁证依据. 相似文献
9.
10.
低渗透岩土是水文地质及环境地质研究的重点关注对象,有效扩散系数是研究低渗透岩土的关键参数之一。文章以原状黏土和粉砂质黏土为例,以Cl-为示踪剂,利用自主研发的室内径向扩散实验装置,建立Cl-径向运移模型,模拟其扩散运移过程。以实验模型为初始条件和边界条件,利用COMSOL软件模拟溶质理论浓度随时间变化的曲线,与实验数据进行拟合,利用绝对残差平均值进行理论浓度与实测值拟合优度统计,提取试样的有效扩散系数。结果表明:试样塘沽G1孔101.2~101.5 m、苏北SY1孔147.1~147.3 m、170.48~170.68 m的有效扩散系数分别为6.0×10-10 m2/s、4.5×10-10 m2/s、3.9×10-10 m2/s 时,理论浓度的绝对残差平均值最小,且孔隙度和有效扩散系数高度相关,进一步证明了该实验方法的可行性。同时,利用Archie定律有效孔隙度与有效扩散系数的关系,取常量n=1.9,预测了试验样品的有效孔隙度,分别为0.26,0.19,0.16。 相似文献
11.
Douglas G. Brookins 《Environmental Geology》1991,17(3):209-217
High indoor radon in approximately 30 percent of private dwellings in the Albuquerque, New Mexico area has been reported previously. The present study explains the areas of high indoor radon as a function of different soil and/or bedrock in the area. Soils were sampled during summer and winter periods using alpha track radon detectors. The values range from 40 to 890 pCi/I air at a depth of 38 cm. The gross mean average is 360 pCi/I for the area for summer readings and 200 pCi/I for winter readings; both values are well over the average U.S. soil radon values of approximately 100 pCi/I. Analyses of soil uranium show a range in values of 1–6 ppm, with a mean of 3.1 ppm. Thorium values range from 3.3 to 28.8 ppm, and Th/U ratios range from 2.9 to 4.6.These values for U, Th, and Th/U suggest that soil U and Th are close to the values reported for the Sandia granite, the source of most of the pediment on which Albuquerque is built. Soil infiltration rates range from ~6 × 10–4 to 4.5 × 10–3 cm/sec for the samples, and soil moisture content ranges from 1.4 to 7.2 percent. A fair correlation of summer soil radon with infiltration rate is noted. Correlation of soil radon with moisture content and/or with percent silt, silt + clay, clay size fraction material is not established by this study. Soil radon values do correlate with regions in the Albuquerque area where high indoor radon is common. A better correlation of high indoor radon values with soils developed immediately over bedrock is observed. Furthermore, all values of average soil and indoor radon increase significantly with proximity of the stations to the Sandia Mountains. Soil uranium also shows this trend. The data argue that regions of potentially high radon can thus be identified. 相似文献
12.
Ahmet Yıldız Can Başaran Metin Bağcı Ayla Gümüş Feyzullah Ekrem Çonkar Yusuf Ulutürk Hüseyin Ali Yalım 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(8):175
Afyonkarahisar is a very important geothermal province of western Anatolia and has low and medium enthalpy geothermal areas. This study has been carried out for the preparation of distribution maps of soil gases (radon and carbon dioxide) and shallow soil temperature and the exploration of permeable tectonic regions associated with geothermal systems and reveal the origins of radon and carbon dioxide gases. The western district of the study area is characterized by the high radon concentration (168.30 kBq/m3), carbon dioxide ratio (0.30%), and soil temperature (21.0 °C) values. Fethibey and Demirçevre faults, which allow the circulation of geothermal fluids, have been detected in the distribution maps of radon, carbon dioxide, and shallow depth temperature and the directions of the curves in these maps correspond to the strikes of Demirçevre faults. The effect of the fault plays an important role in the change of carbon dioxide concentration along the W-E directional geological section prepared to determine the change of soil gas and shallow depth temperature values depending on lithological differences, fault existence, and geothermal reservoir depth. On the other hand, it was determined that Rn222 concentration and soil temperature changed as a function of geothermal reservoir depth or lithological difference. Tuffs in Köprülü volcano-sedimentary units are the main source of radon due to their higher uranium contents. Besides, the carbon dioxide in Ömer–Gecek soils has geothermal origin because of the highest carbon dioxide content (99.3%) in non-condense gas. The similarities in patterns of soil temperature, radon, and carbon dioxide indicate that the variation in soil temperatures is related to radon and carbon dioxide emissions. It is concluded that soil gas and temperature measurements can be used to determine the active faults in the initial stage of geothermal exploration successfully. 相似文献
13.
抗液化排水刚性桩是一种将刚性桩与竖向排水体相结合的新桩型。基于某建筑桩基工程,开展了抗液化排水刚性桩和不含排水体的普通刚性桩的沉桩对比现场试验,采用了动态土压力传感器实时监测沉桩过程中桩周土体内产生的土压力响应,对比了排水桩与普通桩沉桩对桩周土体水平方向应力及有效应力影响的差异。试验结果表明：抗液化排水刚性桩能够有效减小沉桩过程对桩周深部可液化土体的扰动,在桩身近侧（距桩心0.6 m）深部埋深（-15 m）位置,排水桩的水平土压力响应峰值仅为普通桩的1/4;排水桩能够有效降低沉桩对可液化土层有效应力的影响,使桩周土体更加稳定;在单次沉桩过程中,对于浅部埋深（-5 m）,排水桩对桩周土压力峰值的影响作用较小,对于存在可液化土层的深部埋深（-10、-15 m）,排水桩对土压力峰值的有效影响半径可达4倍桩径。现场试验数据为抗液化排水刚性桩的桩间距选择提供了有力的设计参考依据。 相似文献
14.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472
The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. 相似文献
15.
16.
Chi-Yu King 《Tectonophysics》1979,52(1-4)
Radon emanation has been monitored in shallow capped holes by a Tracketch method along several active faults and in the vicinity of some volcanoes and underground nuclear explosions. The measured emanation shows large temporal variations that appear to be partly related to crustal strain changes. This paper proposes a model that may explain the observed tectonic variations in radon emanation, and explores the possibility of using radon emanation as an indicator of crustal deformation. In this model the emanation variation is assumed to be due to the perturbation of near-surface profile of radon concentration in the soil gas caused by a change in the vertical flow rate of the soil gas which, in turn, is caused by the crustal deformation. It is shown that, for a typical soil, a small change in the flow rate (3 · 10−4 cm sec−1) can effect a significant change (a factor of 2) in radon emanation detected at a fixed shallow depth (0.7 m). The radon concentration profile has been monitored at several depths at a selected site to test the model. The results appear to be in satisfactory agreement. 相似文献
17.
以安徽祁南矿东风井冻结法凿井为工程背景,以多圈管冻结的不同土性表土层为研究对象,基于冻结孔实际成孔位置,应用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics分别建立埋深218 m钙质黏土层位、埋深225 m细砂层位和埋深259 m砂质黏土层位3个不同土性、不同埋深的冻结温度场数值计算模型,并结合现场实测数据,分层计算分析了其冻结壁温度场时空演化规律,结果表明:在相同冻结条件下,埋深225 m细砂层位冻结壁有效平均温度比埋深259 m砂质黏土层位和埋深218 m钙质黏土层位分别低0.09~0.72℃和0.44~1.95℃,埋深225 m细砂层位平均有效厚度比埋深259 m砂质黏土层位和埋深218 m钙质黏土层位分别厚0.17~0.38 m和0.29~0.47 m;现场实测与数值计算均表明,各个层位冻结壁开挖时,其平均温度均低于–15℃,有效厚度均大于6.2 m,200 m以下深部表土层井帮温度低于–4℃,满足施工要求,冻结壁强度和稳定性均处于安全状态;冻结孔沿径向将冻结温度场划分为3个区域(A区、B区、C区),B区在冻结孔冷量叠加的影响下降温速度最快,A区降温速度适中,C区距离冻结管较远,且外部土体源源不断向其输入热源,降温速度最慢。该研究可为冻结法凿井中冻结壁的施工提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
18.
采用IED-3000R轻便型测氡仪,对四川阿坝地区土壤、空气中的氡气浓度开展初步调查。结果表明：(1)测区空气中氡气浓度较高,均在平均值185 Bq/m3附近;(2)所测得土壤的氡气浓度范围为2 736～93 486 Bq/m3,平均值为26 021 Bq/m3,远远高于全国城市土壤中氡气浓度7 300 Bq/m3的平均值,同时在156个土壤氡气浓度被测点中共有91个测点氡气浓度值超过20 000 Bq/m3,而按照国家标准,对于民用建筑工程土壤中氡气浓度超过20 000 Bq/m3要进行不同程度的防氡工程;(3)地质环境、土壤松散度、岩土性质、土壤含水率为影响阿坝地区土壤氡气浓度的主要因素。 相似文献
19.
Increasing concern about possible links between emissions of radon and certain types of malignant disease has led to local and regional surveys to measure radon concentrations in the soil and in dwellings. The spatial scale at which radon varies is largely unknown, and so efficient sampling schemes and methods of mapping cannot be selected. To determine the spatial scale of radon variation in the English Midlands we measured radon in the soil using solid-state nuclear track detection in three areas of different geological complexity. In two of them we used an unbalanced multistage sampling scheme with seven stages of nesting: the Hereford survey covered distances from 10 m to 7.5 km, and the Buxton survey distances from 1 m to 3.75 km. The results from the nested surveys suggested that geology exerts a strong control on the variation. Finally radon was measured every 20 m along a 2-km long transect which crossed several lithologies close to Nottingham. The soil radon values changed in an erratic way along the transect. The sample variogram of radon has a substantial nugget variance, suggesting that much of the variation occurred for distances less than the sampling interval. The structure at the longer scale seems to be controlled by the underlying geology. These results have implications for designing further surveys and for selecting a method of mapping. Stratification based on lithology might be the only feasible solution to sampling, estimating and mapping radon concentrations over large areas. Where the locally erratic component of variation is large, estimation by kriging, for example, would confer little additional benefit compared with that by classification. 相似文献