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1.
Miyake, N. and Denda, A., 1993. Utilization of underground spaces in urban areas: Urban geo-grid plan. In: M. Langer, K. Hoshino and K. Aoki (Editors). Engineering Geology in the Utilization of Underground Space.Eng. Geol., 35: 175–181.
The Urban Geo-grid Plan aims for a systematic and better coexistence of above-ground and underground areas through the utilization of underground space presently not in use, without interfering with existing urban functions. There would be “base points” supporting regional functions which are laid out in a grid connected by “lines”. Base points would consist of “grid points” and “grid stations”, which serve as control centers for grid points, the grid points and grid stations being interconnected by tunnels to form an “underground network”. Normally, a base point would be used for multiple purposes to supplement regional functions which are inadequate, as well as urban functions, and in emergencies, such as earthquake disasters, it would demonstrate information and evacuations functions. 相似文献
2.
Carl-Olof Morfeldt 《Engineering Geology》1993,34(3-4):135-143
For centuries back, man has searched for and utilised geological material resources for many different purposes. These efforts have left many, large wounds or “eyesores” in bedrock and soil strata, that have destroyed the appearance of the original landscape, and which now often serve as waste dumps and scrap sites. Worked-out gravel and sand pits, as well as extinct quarries and open-pit mineral mines, can extend over wide areas of land and reach considerable depths. Depths which subsequently have become particularly attractive as waste storage sites, especially when these offer short transport distances to suppliers in major, built-up areas and communities.
This paper gives some examples as to how Stockholm has replaced worked-out overburden and rock masses from eskers and rock strata with waste masses, simultaneously restoring land formation into its original condition through landscaping. Specific engineering-geological survey methods, control systems, as well as risk and sequel analyses, relating to long-term interplay between rock, soil strata and groundwater, with particular consideration to surface construction and property development planning and isostatic uplift, will be presented. 相似文献
3.
三峡引水工程秦巴段隧洞总长占线路总长的80%。为了分析隧洞施工及运营中可能发生的工程地质问题,在地质调查、地应力测量和岩石力学参数测试的基础上,利用Ansys有限元软件对引水工程北部不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的应力重分布情况进行了模拟计算,得到了圆形隧洞、城门形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞围岩的应力分布结果。利用Hoek-Brown强度准则,得到了隧洞围岩的强度/应力比值,进而对不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的稳定性进行了分析。初步认为:隧洞埋深小于1000m时,应优先考虑圆形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞;埋深大于1000m时,应优先考虑城门形隧洞。这项研究成果为引水工程深埋隧洞的设计提供了参考依据。 相似文献
4.
Aoki, K. and Shiogama, Y., 1993. Geoengineering techniques used in the construction of underground openings in jointed rocks. In: M. Langer, K. Hoshino and K. Aoki (Editors), Engineering Geology in the Utilization of Underground Space.Eng. Geol., 35: 167–173.
Examples of underground openings used for pumped storage hydroelectric power stations and storage facilities for crude oil in Japan are described. In these examples the observational construction technique is important to compensate for missing data in the preliminary surveys. Some new drilling and assessment techniques that have been developed are also introduced. 相似文献
5.
Jonathan D. Paul 《Geology Today》2009,25(1):12-17
Geology as a whole is the main influence on determining the feasibility of tunnelling for underground railways, and at what cost. Favourable conditions encouraged the early development of a network, significantly alter the methods used for construction, and are what form the tunnels, in terms of horizontal and vertical alignment. Local geology is shown, by means of two cross-sections following the tunnels, to be more important than the overall regional geology, where the underlying strata exhibit pronounced variations in permeability, and so mechanical properties. Geological complexities specific to the area of tunnelling generate problems during construction, but lead to technological innovation in the long term and a better understanding of local stratigraphy. As the result of this, and the increase in the quality of preliminary surveys, we are increasingly able to tunnel in areas previously considered treacherous. 相似文献
6.
Isotopic characteristics of potassic rocks: evidence for the involvement of subducted sediments in magma genesis 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
David R. Nelson 《Lithos》1992,28(3-6):403-420
The potassic igneous rock suite (with molar K2O/Na2O > 1) can be divided into an “orogenic” subgroup that occur in subduction-related tectonic settings and an “anorogenic” sub-group that are confined to stable continental settings. Representatives of both sub-groups possess trace element and isotopic features consistent with the contamination of their magma sources by incompatible element rich and isotopically evolved “metasomatic” components. It is argued here that these metasomatic components are principally derived from subducted lithosphere, including subducted sediments. Most examples of orogenic potassic magmatism (e.g. Italian potassic rocks, Spanish lamproites, Sunda arc leucitites) have trace-element and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics consistent with the contamination of their mantle sources by a component derived from marine sediments. Anorogenic sub-group potassic magmas have generally similar incompatible trace element and Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics to those of orogenic potassic magmas, but many examples have unusual Pb isotopic compositions with unradiogenic 206Pb/204Pb. Modern marine sediments characteristically have low U/Pb ratios and the unradiogenic 206Pb/204Pb of anorogenic potassic magmas may have evolved during long-term storage of subducted sediments (or components derived from them) within the subcontinental lithosphere. These unusual Pb isotopic compositions require substantial time periods (> 1 Ga) to have elapsed between the fractionation events lowering the U/Pb ratio (i.e. erosion and sedimentation at the Earth's surface) and subsequent potassic magmatism and it is therefore not surprising that most examples of anorogenic potassic magmatism are not associated with recent subduction processes. Although the eruption of potassic magmas is commonly related to rifting or hotspot activity, these processes do not necessarily play an important role in the genesis of the unusual sources from which potassic magmas are derived. 相似文献
7.
长江经济带包括上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、重庆、云南和贵州11个省(直辖市),是我国重要的经济发展区域,油气资源长期安全可靠的储存对于该区经济可持续发展至关重要。基于长江经济带战略油气储库基地建设规划布局的需求,在充分收集利用前人地质调查和研究成果的基础上,对区内岩盐矿床进行了综合研究和分析,建立了层次结构模型,评价了盐穴油气储库建设的可行性。长江经济带除上海和贵州外,其余9省(直辖市)均发现了大量的岩盐矿床,主要成盐时代为震旦纪、三叠纪、白垩纪和古近纪; 成盐盆地范围0.29~10 000 km2,盐层累计厚度3~1 050 m,矿体埋藏深度40~3 400 m; 矿石中NaCl含量20%~99.86%; 矿体顶底板及夹层岩石主要为泥岩、粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩。地质调查揭示出区内大部分地下盐穴远离地震活动带,构造稳定,因此可以改造为石油储库。考虑储气库的密闭性及安全性,江苏金坛盆地等6个盐矿埋深适中,建穴地质条件较好,适合建造储气盐穴库; 江苏淮安等14个盆地的局部地区适合建造天然气储库; 重庆垫江等11个盐矿埋深较大,可以建造储气盐穴库,但建造成本较高; 湖南澧县等21个盐矿埋藏偏浅,应选择更深部的盐层空间建造油气储库。建议在江苏金坛、淮安、赵集和丰县,江西清江和会昌,湖北云应、天门小板和潜江等盐矿地区优先开发利用盐穴。 相似文献
8.
长江经济带包括上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、重庆、云南和贵州11个省(直辖市),是我国重要的经济发展区域,油气资源长期安全可靠的储存对于该区经济可持续发展至关重要。基于长江经济带战略油气储库基地建设规划布局的需求,在充分收集利用前人地质调查和研究成果的基础上,对区内岩盐矿床进行了综合研究和分析,建立了层次结构模型,评价了盐穴油气储库建设的可行性。长江经济带除上海和贵州外,其余9省(直辖市)均发现了大量的岩盐矿床,主要成盐时代为震旦纪、三叠纪、白垩纪和古近纪; 成盐盆地范围0.29~10 000 km2,盐层累计厚度3~1 050 m,矿体埋藏深度40~3 400 m; 矿石中NaCl含量20%~99.86%; 矿体顶底板及夹层岩石主要为泥岩、粉砂质泥岩及泥质粉砂岩。地质调查揭示出区内大部分地下盐穴远离地震活动带,构造稳定,因此可以改造为石油储库。考虑储气库的密闭性及安全性,江苏金坛盆地等6个盐矿埋深适中,建穴地质条件较好,适合建造储气盐穴库; 江苏淮安等14个盆地的局部地区适合建造天然气储库; 重庆垫江等11个盐矿埋深较大,可以建造储气盐穴库,但建造成本较高; 湖南澧县等21个盐矿埋藏偏浅,应选择更深部的盐层空间建造油气储库。建议在江苏金坛、淮安、赵集和丰县,江西清江和会昌,湖北云应、天门小板和潜江等盐矿地区优先开发利用盐穴。 相似文献
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10.
Study on formation mechanism of gas tunnel in non-coal strata 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gases are common constituents of the underground environment, along with soils, rocks, and water. It is widely believed that gases in underground originate from the bacterial decomposition and thermal decomposition of organic and inorganic compounds, and geochemical reactions. Gases are usually widely dispersed in low concentrations, but under some geologic conditions are abundant. Gas can be a hazard to construction of underground civil works such as tunnels and underground chambers. Besides the gas tunnels in coal seam, there are a large number of tunnels with gas in non-coal strata in China, such as the Paotaishan Tunnel, Hongshiyan Tunnel, and Zengjiaping 2# Tunnel. These tunnels do not cross coal strata, but all encountered gas problems during construction. Due to lack of full understanding and thorough preparation, as well as the random non-uniform distribution of gas emission, the gas disasters in these tunnels are usually larger than the traditional ones. Study on the causes of formation has great scientific significance. This paper focuses on a variety of complete gas tunnels, summarized three types of gas tunnel in the non-coal strata, namely the structure-connected gas tunnel, including fracture, fault, and fold three subtypes according to the different geological structures; the second one is gas tunnel with metamorphic wall rock; the third is gas tunnel by composite forming causes. 相似文献
11.
地下工程施工监控地质地理信息系统研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要设计与实现了地下工程施工监控地质地理信息系统（MGGIS）。首先分析了系统特点、结构、具有的功能以及采用的平台和相关技术,定义了数据的获取和存储格式。然后在此基础上进行了3个功能独立的子系统的详细设计与实现,分别为工程计划显示子系统、平面时空效应子系统和断面图显示子系统。首次提出在RIA技术支持下,实现B/S架构下的工程地质地理信息系统;提出了反映随施工进度变化地下工程及环境空间信息的显示平台技术方案,充分反应了地下工程施工中空间信息具有时空效应的特点,适合地下工程安全风险管理的需要。该系统与同类型地理信息系统平台相比具有使用简单、交互性强、速度快等优点,研究成果已经在北京轨道交通工程安全风险监控系统和南京地铁工程安全风险监控系统等相关项目中得以应用。 相似文献
12.
Use of solution-mined caverns in salt for oil and gas storage and toxic waste disposal in Germany 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. Langer 《Engineering Geology》1993,35(3-4):183-190
The need for storage caverns for oil and gas, and repositories for toxic chemical waste is increasing world-wide. Rock salt formations are particularly suitable for the construction of cavities for such purposes. Owing to its favourable geomechanical properties, rock salt remains stable over long periods of time without support, and it can be shown that the geological barrier of the host rock remains intact for a remarkably long time.
Safety analysis must be made for each proposed site based on site-specific data. The methods of doing this are well known and related technical recommendations exist in Germany. These recommendations apply to the planning, construction, operation and post-operational management of salt caverns used for the underground disposal of hazardous wastes. In particular, geotechnical site-specific safety verification, as required by the government's technical regulations on wastes (TA-Abfall) under the section “Underground Disposal”, is required. This safety verification must cover the entire system comprising the waste, the cavern and the surrounding rocks. For this purpose geomechanical models have to be developed. The steps which must be taken when carrying out geological engineering site explorations and when determining geotechnical parameters are discussed. In addition, recommendations are made for the design and construction of underground repositories.
For liquid-filled caverns, long-term sealing from the biosphere is of particular interest. In this instance it must be shown that the natural increase in pressure in the closed cavity due to long-term convergence does not exceed the fracture pressure. A special filled test (scale 1:1) has been performed to study this. 相似文献
13.
水质分析在重庆笔架山隧道防腐设计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国是拥有隧道数量最多及总长度最长的国家。同时也是隧道病害最严重的国家之一。由于隧道的主体是处于天然介质环境中的人工地下结构，在运营中会出现衬砌腐蚀等多种病害和危害。进行合理的防腐设计对隧道的安全、舒适、正常运营具重大意义。在南方富含腐蚀性介质地区，地下水容易沿衬砌的各种孔洞渗流到衬砌内侧，成为隧道渗漏水，对衬砌混凝土等产生侵蚀作用，造成衬砌腐蚀。故地下水对混凝土的侵蚀性是隧道防腐设计的重要组成部分。作者在掌握笔架山隧道工程地质、水文地质资料及查明环境水含腐蚀性介质的来源、成分基础上，利用隧道水简(化学)分析、地质调查、裂隙水统计等手段定性及定量评价环境地下水对衬砌混凝土腐蚀程度。认为基岩地下水不会对衬砌产生化学腐蚀。从而科学地修正了隧道的防腐设计。此结论及时反馈于施工，在后来的施工中取消了耐腐蚀混凝土及其它混凝土外加剂，节省了投资，加快了施工进度。 相似文献
14.
在岩溶水文地质调查中,示踪试验的应用是较为广泛且行之有效的方法。为确定地下河系统的岩溶含水介质结构,采用高精度在线监测技术在广西壮族自治区贺州市合宝地下河主管道上进行示踪试验。试验采用的示踪剂为荧光素钠,在线监测设备为GGUN-FL30野外荧光分光光度计。试验结果显示: 合宝地下河入口S1与出口S4之间地下河以管道流为主要特征,结构相对简单,不存在溶潭等地下储水体; 示踪剂回收率为63.18%,说明该地下河还有其他排泄途径,很有可能为地下潜流。基于Qtracer2数据分析可知,合宝地下河枯季水流的最大流速为156.00 m/h,平均流速48.09 m/h,岩溶管道储水量26 714 m3,管道过水断面面积13.70 m2,平均直径4.18 m,弥散系数0.505 m2/s,纵弥散度37.81 m,摩擦系数0.178,雷诺数48 937,舍伍德数1 875.4,施密特数1 140。合宝地下河岩溶极其发育,含水介质不均一性强,为规模较大的单一管道系统。地下水流态呈紊流型,且局部具备承压特征。研究数据及成果为建立地下河系统数值模型提供了依据。 相似文献
15.
利用地球物理方法探测地下的地质构造,是工程地质、水文地质、地热调查等领域所考虑的重点之一。通常氡气测量的异常一般直接与地下的构造属性相对应,但无深度信息。CSAMT虽无法确定地质属性,但在确定地下构造的位置、宽度、产状方面具有较高的分辨率。在帕连和法帕进行探测的2个实例表明,组合探测分析可解决花岗岩体的侵入接触关系、背斜轴部灰岩与两翼碎屑岩的断层接触关系,查明发育于可溶岩与非可溶岩的接触面和温泉形成的地质条件,为工程地质病害评价、地热成因分析提供详细的地下地质构造信息。 相似文献
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MASS MOVEMENT AND LANDSLIDE HAZARD, MURREE AREA, NORTH PAKISTAN 相似文献
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中国21世纪若干重大工程地质与环境问题 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
21世纪中国的大规模的国家建设不可避免地导致大量的工程地质与环境问题。 2 1世纪中国西部高山峡谷地区主要工程地质问题有: 构造活动带岩土体动力稳定性, 高地应力下岩体应变储能与岩体性质, 高陡边坡的变形及尺寸效应和动力稳定性, 深埋长大隧洞的地温与地压, 深埋隧洞岩体结构探测与施工地质超前预报, 大跨度复杂洞群变形与稳定性的群洞效应, 冻土的冻融变形、稳定性及其处理技术, 可溶岩岩溶规律与岩体利用问题, 河床深厚覆盖层的处理与利用等问题; 中国东部及沿海地区工程地质问题包括: 高速交通网建设中软土地基变形与稳定性及处理技术, 深井采矿中软岩巷道大变形与处理技术, 深厚松散堆积层上大型桥梁桥基变形与稳定性, 海底隧道围岩工程地质与水文地质问题, 城市多层地下空间开发中的工程地质问题等; 此外, 水土流失与北方大规模荒漠化问题, 黄河下游地上悬河与长江下游塌岸和堤防稳定性问题, 黄河断流引起的下游地区环境问题, 我国北方干旱地区水资源长期匮乏问题, 城市化中的环境破坏与污染控制等问题, 将是中国 2 1世纪突出的环境问题。中国工程地质工作者应当在结构土力学与岩体结构力学、工程地质学的基本理论与工程地质动力学、人 地相互作用机制与环境工程地质学、地质工程理论与方法。 相似文献
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For a mining operation to be successful, it is important to bring fundamental and applied science together. The mining engineer needs to understand the importance of geology, mineralogy and petrography, and how projects can benefit from the data collected during the exploration and pre-exploration stage. Geological scientists also need to understand the process of project development from the exploration stage through mine design and operation to mine closure. Kimberlite pipe or dyke emplacement, geology and petrology/mineralogy are three areas that illustrate how information obtained from the geological studies could directly influence the mining method selection and the project strategy and design. Kimberlite emplacement is one of the fundamental processes that rely on knowledge of the kimberlite body geology. Although the importance of the emplacement model is commonly recognized in the resource geology, mining engineers do not always appreciate its importance to the mine design. The knowledge of the orebody geometry, character of the contact zones, internal structures and distribution of inclusions could directly influence pit wall stability (thus strip ratio), underground mining method selection, dilution, treatability, and the dewatering strategy. Understanding the internal kimberlite geology mainly includes the geometry and character of individual phases, and the orientation and character of internal structures that transect the rock mass. For any mining method it is important to know “where the less and where the more competent rocks are located” to achieve stability. On the other hand, the detailed facies studies may not be important for the resource and mine design if the rock types have similar physical properties and diamond content. A good understanding of the kimberlite petrology and mineralogy could be crucial not only to the treatability (namely diamond damage and liberation), but also to the pit wall and underground excavation stability, support design, mine safety (mudrush risk assessment) and mine dewatering. There is no doubt that a better understanding of the kimberlite and country rock geology has a direct impact on the safety and economics of the mining operations. The process of mine design can start at the beginning of kimberlite discovery by incorporating the critical geological information without necessarily increasing the exploration budget. It is important to appreciate the usefulness of fundamental geological research and its impact on increased confidence in the mine design. Such studies should be viewed as worthwhile investments, not as cost items. 相似文献
20.
通过漠河盆地北部油气地质调查,圈出了与油气形成密切相关的烃源岩层（含炭泥岩）的分布范围,为下一步寻找油气资源提供了靶区。研究表明：漠河盆地烃源岩类型为黑色泥岩,烃源岩w（TOC）为0.20%~30.30%。圈出26处烃源岩区,面积134.69 km2。烃源岩样品的最高热解温度（Tmax）平均值为442℃,烃源岩演化处于成熟-过成熟阶段。漠河盆地西北部的成烃地质条件：中侏罗统沉积岩系为油气储藏提供了良好的空间和气源;中生代岩浆活动及韧性剪切作用为烃源岩成气作用提供了良好的温度条件;张性断裂、裂隙和碎裂岩化构造为油气运移和储存提供了运移通道和储存空间。 相似文献