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1.
凹凸棒石、膨润土和活性炭吸附油中色素的研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  
通过对凹凸棒石和膨润土酸活性点的测定和比较,以及对凹凸棒石、膨润土和活性炭的比表面积、孔径分布以及对油中叶绿素和胡萝卜素吸附的比较研究结果表明:凹凸棒石的B-、L-酸活性点均比膨润土高;对于膨润土和凹凸棒土,酸活性点多、孔径较大、比表面积大对叶绿素和胡萝卜素的吸附越有利,L-酸活性点主要吸附胡萝卜素;吸附剂在对叶绿素和胡萝卜的吸附过程中,起决定作用的是吸附剂与吸附质之间的相互作用力,只有在作用力较强时,比表面积和孔径分布才会对吸附效果产生影响。  相似文献   

2.
Porous carbons are extensively applied in gas separation, water purification, catalytic reaction, and electrochemical processing, attributing to their high specific surface area, large pore volume, chemical inertness, and good mechanical and thermal stability. The templating method is widely used to synthesize porous carbons with the controlled pore structure. Among them, preparation of diatomite-templated carbons attracts increasing attention because the obtained carbon has unique developed macropores and exhibits the promising application in adsorption and support of large-sized molecules. Macroporous diatomite-templated carbons are prepared by using additive or inherent solid acid sites of diatomite as the catalyst. The obtained carbons showed tubular and pillared macroporous structures, and had a few mesopores and micropores. However, the carbons possessed the small specific surface area and micropore volume, and thus showed the low adsorption capacity of small-sized molecules, such as methylene blue (MB). In this case, enhancement of porosity, especially microporosity, is necessary.  相似文献   

3.
New bio-adsorbent carbon materials were synthesized from the leaves and veins of Mucuna pruriens and Manihot esculenta plants, which are locally available in abundance. The synthesized carbons were activated using 0.01N HNO3. Surface area of the activated carbons from M. pruriens and M. esculenta plants was found to be quite high, i.e., 918 and 865 m2/g, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the carbons reflects complex disorganized surface structures of different open pore sizes, shapes and dimensions. These properties of the newly synthesized activated carbons led to the development of a sand-supported carbon column, for its possible use in the removal of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. Coli) from raw water samples. The removal percentage of E. coli was found to be 100% with both the types of carbon adsorbents, as confirmed from the McCardy most probable number table. Similarly, the removal percentage of coliform bacteria was found to be 99 and 98.7% by M. pruriens and M. esculenta carbon columns, respectively. These activated carbons synthesized from locally available plants possess the characteristics of good low-cost adsorbents which can be easily used for the removal of bacteria from water by adsorption method.  相似文献   

4.
In this investigation, acrylic acid was used as a carbon precursor and SBA-15 as a mesoporous template to synthesize the ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC). Different ratios of SBA-15 to acrylic acid were evaluated to improve the OMCs adsorption capacity. It was found that the optimal ratio of SBA-15 to acrylic acid is 3:1. In the post-treatment study, four methods (NaOH, urea, NH3H2O, and AlCl3) were explored to investigate their influences on resorcinol removal. Results showed the ammonium hydroxide-treated OMC had the highest adsorption capacity of 40.6 mg/g for resorcinol removal. The nano-structures of the OMC and post-treated OMCs were characterized and confirmed. FTIR analysis indicated that the surface functional groups were changed after post-treatments. XRD patterns and TEM images suggested that the ordered structure was well maintained during the post-treatment processes, although the erosion effect was observed.  相似文献   

5.
以凹凸棒石为缓释载体,研究凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的制备条件,并以其吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系,确定K+吸附量最大时的K+初始浓度缓释效果。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为1.6mmol/L,3.2mmol/L,6.4mmol/L,12.8mmol/L,19.2mmol/L,25.6mmol/L的混合溶液对凹凸棒石缓释肥进行解吸。结果表明:凹凸棒石对K+的吸附量在30min内达到平衡,单位质量凹凸棒石对K+的最大吸附量为13.97×10-3;pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸率最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸率增大,凹凸棒石对K+的解吸过程符合Elovich方程,解吸速率远小于吸附速率;以pH=5的HCl溶液对凹凸棒石缓释钾肥进行动态解吸和静态解吸实验,动态解吸得出的解吸率较静态解吸的解吸率低,解吸液为450ml时,动态解吸和静态解吸的解吸率分别为35.5%和50.3%,前者能更真实地反应凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的缓释效果;该凹凸棒石是钾肥良好的缓释载体。  相似文献   

6.
The experimental conditions for preparation of pomegranate peel carbon and Fe(III) modified pomegranate peel carbon were studied. The effects of main experimental parameters on carbon preparation such as carbonization time, carbonization temperature and Fe(III) impregnation ratio in pomegranate peel were investigated. The prepared carbons in various conditions were characterized by consideration of the production yield, ash content, iodine number, pH of zero point charge and their ability for adsorption of methylene blue. After preparation of carbons, their efficiency for removal of Cd2+ species from aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of experimental parameters such as Cd2+ initial concentration, pH of solution and contact time was studied by batch adsorption experiments. The fitting of experimental data in thermodynamic isotherms matched the linear results with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacity for Cd2+ species on Fe(III) modified pomegranate peel carbon was 22.72 mg/g and the adsorption kinetic presented the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.  相似文献   

7.
用分散剂六偏磷酸钠对甘肃临泽凹凸棒黏土进行提纯,将提纯前后的凹凸棒黏土制备脱硫剂,进行X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测试(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征。测定了两种脱硫剂对模拟汽油中的噻吩的吸附脱硫性能。结果表明:提纯后的凹凸棒黏土制备的脱硫剂将模拟汽油中噻吩的含量由500×10-6降到165×10-6,脱硫率为67.0%,比提纯前的脱硫剂脱硫率提高了18.4%。  相似文献   

8.
Four lithotypes (vitrain, bright clarain, clarain, and fusain) of a high volatile bituminous Springfield Coal from the Illinois Basin were characterized using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR techniques included quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS), cross polarization/total sideband suppression (CP/TOSS), dipolar dephasing, CHn selection, and recoupled C-H long-range dipolar dephasing techniques. The lithotypes that experienced high-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherm analysis were also analyzed to determine possible changes in coal structure as a result of CO2 saturation at high pressure and subsequent evacuation. The main carbon functionalities present in original vitrain, bright clarain, clarain and fusain were aromatic carbons (65.9%-86.1%), nonpolar alkyl groups (9.0%-28.9%), and aromatic C-O carbons (4.1%-9.5%). Among these lithotypes, aromaticity increased in the order of clarain, bright clarain, vitrain, and fusain, whereas the fraction of alkyl carbons decreased in the same order. Fusain was distinct from other three lithotypes in respect to its highest aromatic composition (86.1%) and remarkably small fraction of alkyl carbons (11.0%). The aromatic cluster size in fusain was larger than that in bright clarain. The lithotypes studied responded differently to high pressure CO2 saturation. After exposure to high pressure CO2, vitrain and fusain showed a decrease in aromaticity but an increase in the fraction of alkyl carbons, whereas bright clarain and clarain displayed an increase in aromaticity but a decrease in the fraction of alkyl carbons. Aromatic fused-rings were larger for bright clarain but smaller for fusain in the post-CO2 adsorption samples compared to the original lithotypes. These observations suggested chemical CO2-coal interactions at high pressure and the selectivity of lithotypes in response to CO2 adsorption.  相似文献   

9.
页岩中气体的超临界等温吸附研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
页岩气等温吸附实验多为临界温度以上的吸附实验,其得到的吸附量为过剩吸附量。为了研究页岩气超临界等温吸附机理,运用重力法,在临界温度以上,分别进行了甲烷和二氧化碳在页岩中的高压等温吸附实验。在分析经典型吸附和超临界吸附区别的基础上,通过修改的超临界等温吸附模型(Langmuir方程和微孔充填(Dubinin Radushkevich,D-R))对实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明:简单的Langmuir方程可近似拟合甲烷吸附实验数据,但精度不高,且无法拟合二氧化碳的吸附数据;将吸附相密度作为可优化参数,修改的微孔充填模型和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合甲烷和二氧化碳的吸附数据,其中修改的微孔充填模型拟合效果最好,且回归得到的超临界甲烷吸附相密度同文献报道的一致,表明吸附气可能以微孔充填的形式存在。   相似文献   

10.
In this study, the removal of free cyanide from aqueous solutions by activated carbon was investigated. Effects of metal impregnation (Cu and Ag), aeration, and concentrations of adsorbent and cyanide on the rate and extent of the removal of cyanide were studied. The results have shown that the capacity of activated carbon for the removal of cyanide can be significantly improved (up to 6.3-fold) via impregnation of activated carbon with metals such as copper and silver. Silver-impregnated activated carbon was found to be the most effective at the reduction of cyanide level in solution. This appeared to be coupled with its comparatively high metal content after impregnation process where silver (5.07%) could be more readily loaded on activated carbon than copper (0.43%). Kinetics and equilibrium data for cyanide removal by plain and metal-impregnated activated carbons were determined to be consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. Aeration (0.27 l/min) was found to exert a profound effect on the process leading to a 5.5–49.1% enhancement in the performances of plain and metal-impregnated activated carbons. This enhancement could be attributed to the increase in the availability of active sites on activated carbon for adsorption and the catalytic oxidising activity of activated carbon in the presence of oxygen. Practical limiting capacity of plain, copper- and silver-impregnated activated carbons for the removal of cyanide were experimentally determined to be 19.7, 22.4 and 29.6 mg/g, respectively.  相似文献   

11.
Knowledge of pore structure and adsorption capacity provides guidance for better studying the origin, hydrocarbon distribution, and productivity of shale gas reservoir. In this study, pore structure characteristics of six shale core plugs with different maturity from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in south China were investigated using the Rock-eval analysis, X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC) content test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. To further investigate the influence of maturity, the adsorption behavior of gas shale was experimentally measured, with the maximal pressure being 20 MPa. Rock-eval analysis indicates that Ro is 0.67~1.34%. SEM results show that organic matter (OM) pores are abundant in high-maturity shale sample. The OM pores are mainly irregular to elliptical in shape, the size is 8~100 nm. The TOC content is 0.16~4.21% and shows a positive correlation with the BET surface area. A negative relationship exists between TOC content and average pore diameter, which indicates that abundant nanometer pores are related to the OM. A noticeable characteristic in the pore size distribution curve is that the content of micropores (pore width <?2 nm) increases with the increasing TOC content. Additionally, the thermal maturity results in significant difference in methane adsorption capacity. Maximal adsorption capacity of shale samples is also lineally correlated with TOC content, which increases with maturity. This study provides a quantitative understanding of how maturity affects pore structure and adsorption behavior of shale gas reservoir.  相似文献   

12.
通过薄片分析、扫描电镜及氩离子抛光技术,对渝东南下古生界含气页岩中的孔隙类型及特征进行了分类观察、描述,结合有机碳含量、X衍射、岩石物性、氮气吸附及甲烷等温吸附实验测试,分析了页岩气储层中各类孔隙的储气贡献,探讨这些孔隙对页岩中烃类运移的影响。研究认为,有机质孔隙、颗粒内孔、粒间孔隙及微裂隙是页岩气储层孔隙的4种类型,有机质表面的分散状孔隙多为nm级,石英碎屑可形成粒内或粒间孔隙,黄铁矿颗粒内部小晶体排列分布产生孔隙空间,黏土絮状沉淀形成片粒状结构孔隙,微裂隙普遍发育在页岩基质中,可达mm级。不同类型的孔隙能够为页岩气的赋存提供不同尺度的储集空间,页岩吸附含气量与表征孔隙特征的参数(TOC、BET比表面积、BJH总孔体积)具有显著的正相关关系。微裂隙与粒间孔隙对页岩中烃类的运移最有利。  相似文献   

13.
多孔结构无机材料比表面积和孔径分布对调湿性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
测试海泡石、沸石、硅藻土和坡缕石粘土的孔径和比表面积,研究其孔径和比表面积与吸放湿能力的对应关系.利用氮气等温吸附对孔隙结构进行测试、分析,通过BET法计算得出其比表面积分别为81.56、2.46、1.68和187.70 m2/g,平均孔径分别为8.53、18.20、31.57和11.79 nm.在温度25℃相对湿度分别为75%和35%的条件下进行吸放湿试验,4种样品的最大吸湿量分别为5.6%、2.2%、1.8%和6.0%,放湿量分别为4.4%、1.8%、1.6%、5.0%.数据对比发现,比表面积大且孔径分布符合在相应温湿度下以Kelvin公式计算出的孔径分布特点的矿物材料,如海泡石,吸放湿能力强.  相似文献   

14.
为了解高压条件下二氧化碳（CO2）对页岩微观孔隙结构改造及吸附行为,以四川盆地焦页6井页岩为研究对象,通过低温N2吸附和重量法等温吸附实验,研究了不同温压条件下CO2处理前后的页岩微观结构特征及CO2在页岩中的吸附行为.研究表明随处理温度升高,CO2作用后的页岩比表面积呈下降趋势,平均孔径和孔体积呈上升趋势,微孔、中孔比例减少,宏孔比例增大.CO2会改变页岩孔隙结构,改变程度与温度呈正相关关系.研究同时表明页岩对CO2的过剩吸附量随压力增大而增加直至达到最大值,后随压力增大而减小;绝对吸附量随压力增大而增加,在40 MPa之后,吸附量趋于稳定.页岩对CO2的吸附行为与温度压力有关,在高压条件下,Langmuir模型依然能较好地拟合CO2在页岩中的吸附.   相似文献   

15.
Sugar beet pulp is an abundant, renewable and low-cost precursor for production of activated carbon. In the present study, sugar beet pulp based activated carbon was prepared by using phosphoric acid as activating agent for adsorption of methylene blue. The conditions of preparation process had a significant influence on the adsorption of methylene blue, and the optimal preparation conditions were obtained as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio of 5, temperature of 450 °C and phosphoric acid concentration of 3 mol/L. The properties of sugar beet pulp based activated carbon were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm. The adsorption increases as the increase of contact time, adsorption temperature and pH, and initial concentration of methylene blue. Batch kinetic studies showed that an equilibrium time of 100 min was needed for the adsorption, and the adsorbance of methylene blue is 244.76 mg/g at equilibration. Kinetic models, Weber’s pore diffusion model and Boyd’s equation were applied to the experimental data to study the mechanism of adsorption and the controlled step. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order type kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting mechanism and adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion.  相似文献   

16.
Based on 10 shale samples collected from 4 wells in Qinshui Basin,we investigate the full-sized pore structure and fractal characteristics of Marine-Continental transitional shale by performing organic geochemistry,mineralogical composition,Nitrogen gas adsorption(N_2 adsorption)and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)measurements and fractal analysis.Results show that the TOC content of the shale samples is relatively high,with an average value of 2.44wt%,and the thermal evolution is during the mature-over mature stage.The NMR T_2 spectrum can be used to characterize the fullsized pore structure characteristics of shale.By combining N_2 adsorption pore structure parameters and NMR T_2 spectrums,the surface relaxivity of samples are calculated to be between 1.7877 um/s and 5.2272 um/s.On this basis,the T_2 spectrums are converted to full-sized pore volume and surface area distribution curves.The statistics show that the pore volume is mainly provided by mesopore,followed by micropore,and the average percentages are 65.04%and 30.83%respectively;the surface area is mainly provided by micropore,followed by mesopore,and the average percentages are 60.8004%and39.137%respectively;macropore contributes little to pore volume and surface area.The pore structure characteristics of shale have no relationship with TOC,but strong relationships with clay minerals content.NMR fractal dimensions D_(micro) and D_(meso) have strong positive relationships with the N_2 adsorption fractal dimensions D_1 and D_2 respectively,indicating that D_(micro) can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore surface,and D_(meso) can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore structure.The shale surface relaxivity is controlled by multiple factors.The increasing of clay mineral content,pore surface area,pore surface fractal dimension and the decreasing of average pore size,will all lead to the decreasing of shale surface relaxivity.  相似文献   

17.
The adsorption characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) were investigated on the basis of fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) by using four different coal-based activated carbons (ACs). For each AC, batch adsorption isotherms were analyzed using a modified Freundlich isotherm model on the basis of the fluorescence intensity of three major fluorescence peaks appeared in the fluorescence EEM reported to be reflective of the humic acid-like (P1), fulvic acid-like (P2) and aromatic protein-like (P3) substances, respectively, together with the well-used overall quality indices of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at the wavelength of 260 nm (UV260). It was found that, for all five quality indices, the adsorption capacity differed with the ACs used, and the modified Freundlich isotherm constant K estimated for P1, P2 and P3 was in close correlation with that of the total organic matter evaluated by DOC. Moreover, no matter which AC was concerned, the magnitude of the estimated K and the removal rate over a broader range of AC dose for P3 were apparently smaller than those for P1 and P2, suggesting the adsorbability of aromatic protein-like substances was lower than that of the humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances. The dependency of the adsorption capacity of NOM on the volume of pores in some specific size ranges of the ACs was also revealed.  相似文献   

18.
To investigate the influence of extractable organic matter (EOM) on pore evolution of lacustrine shales, Soxhlet extraction, using dichloromethane, was performed on a series of Chang 7 shale samples (Ordos Basin, China) with vitrinite reflectance of 0.64% to 1.34%. Low‐pressure gas adsorption experiments were conducted on the samples before and after extraction. The pore structure parameters were calculated from the gas adsorption data. The results show complex changes to the pore volumes and surface areas after extraction. The pore development of both the initial and extracted samples is strongly controlled by total organic carbon (TOC) content. Micropores developed mainly in organic matter (OM), while mesopores and macropores predominantly developed in fractions other than OM. The influence of EOM on micropores is stronger than on mesopores and macropores. Organic solvents with a higher boiling point should be used to explore the effect of EOM on pore structure in the future.  相似文献   

19.
含纳米孔的天然矿物岩石材料的吸附和催化性能对于表生地球化学过程、材料加工、应用及煤炭开发利用等方面均有着重要意义。本文对比分析了各种纳米孔表征技术,重点介绍了基于吸附等温线的纳米孔研究方法。对三个典型样品等温线数据的模型计算表明,应根据材料中孔的形态(平行板状孔、球形孔和圆柱形孔)选择模型,不同类型孔所对应的计算方法和参数有很大差别。表征材料表面能量均匀的样品可首先考虑采用DFT法;HK法一般只作为定性研究方法,BJH方法受样品本身性质参数的影响较小,且计算简单,可广泛应用于介孔材料的孔径分布的表征。  相似文献   

20.
以湘中坳陷涟源凹陷上二叠统龙潭组和大隆组海陆过渡相泥页岩为研究对象,重点选取12块典型泥页岩钻井岩心样品开展有机碳含量、岩石热解、X射线衍射、密度法孔隙度、高压压汞、二氧化碳和氮气吸附等测试分析,利用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）观察了泥页岩孔隙特征,通过定性描述和定量测定相结合的方法研究了海陆过渡相泥页岩纳-微米级孔隙结构特征及孔隙发育影响因素.研究结果表明:龙潭组和大隆组泥页岩有机碳含量均较高,热演化程度处在凝析油和湿气生成阶段早期,对应Ro为1.22%~1.43%;泥页岩孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、粒内孔、有机孔和微纳米缝.龙潭组与大隆组样品在孔隙形态、孔隙大小和影响因素上均有差异:龙潭组样品氮气吸附滞回环开口宽,有机孔形态多为圆形和椭圆形,孔径较大;大隆组样品氮气吸附滞回环开口窄,有机孔形态多为不规则状,孔径较小;龙潭组泥岩和大隆组泥页岩样品有机碳含量与黏土矿物含量呈正相关关系,2套样品的微孔孔隙积体与有机碳和黏土矿物含量均呈正相关性;龙潭组样品介孔+宏孔的孔隙体积与有机碳和黏土矿物含量呈正相关性,与石英+长石含量呈负相关性;大隆组样品中的碳酸盐矿物对其孔隙性有明显影响,大隆组样品介孔+宏孔孔隙体积与有机碳、黏土矿物和石英+长石含量相关性不明显.   相似文献   

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