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1.
R. L. Yang P. Rocque P. Katsabanis W. F. Bawden 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(3):169-182
Summary Blast vibration and its attenuation within the rock mass immediately adjacent to a blast hole (2–15 m) were monitored for a blast hole diameter of 100 mm and a 2.4 m column of an emulsion explosive charge. Peak particle velocities calculated from the measured accelerations were compared with predictions from the charge-weight scaling law using typical site parameters which would be adopted for many far-field vibration predictions. It was found that the vibration amplitudes predicted by the conventional charge-weight scaling law are significantly lower than measured values. Strain and strain rates at different monitoring holes were calculated from experimental data. Using attenuation analysis of different frequency bands of measured acceleration signals, it was found that blast vibration attenuation between 2 m and 4 m depended not only on frequency but also on amplitude. A failure wave was postulated based on observations at the monitoring hole 2 m from the blast. A blast damage zone was evaluated using borehole camera and cross hole seismic studies. The damage zone in the rock was also analysed according to acceleration waveforms measured at different monitoring locations. The use of different techniques to measure blast damage provided an accurate assessment of the blast damage volume. 相似文献
2.
This study evaluates the impacts resulting from quarry-blasting operation on nearby buildings and structures as it generates ground vibration, air blast, and fly rocks. In this paper, first blasting operation and its possible environmental effects are defined. Then the methods of blast-vibration prediction and commonly accepted criteria to prevent damage were introduced. A field experimental work was conducted to minimize the vibration effects at Saribayir quarry as it is an identical case for the many quarries situated in and around Istanbul, Turkey. Although the local surrounding geology and rock mechanics have great influence on vibrations as uncontrollable parameter, the charge weight per delay, delay period, geometric parameters of the blasts were changed to solve the existing vibration problem in the studied quarry. To obtain a realistic result, 10 blasts were carried out and 30 seismic records were made in different places mainly very close the buildings and the other vulnerable structures around the quarry. The evaluation is performed whether the vibration level are within safe limits or not. The prediction equation based on scaled distance concept is also determined, however, it is a site-specific model and need to be updated when the quarry advances. The safe blast parameters which minimize the environmental effect were determined for the Saribayir quarry. 相似文献
3.
Qingguo Liang Yafang An Lei Zhao Dewu Li Liping Yan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(1):93-101
Due to the extreme complexities in rock blasting and difficulties in theoretical or numerical analysis, and the enormous consumption
of explosives in mining and construction operations, empirical or semi-empirical formulae for blasting vibration velocity
(BVV) were obtained from observations and measurements in field blast tests and are still widely used all over the world.
This paper investigates the fitting degree and characteristics of several calculation methods for BVV based on 34 sets of
data samples from 27 projects belonging to 4 types. The results indicate that both the cube-root scaling formula and the square-root
scaling formula have relatively good fitting degree, while the multiple regression analysis can give the best fitting outcome
if the sample space satisfies certain requirements. Whether the cube-root scaling formula or the square-root scaling formula
is chosen to analyze the relationship between BVV and scaled distance depends on the average scaled distance under cubic-root
scaling. If the average scaled distance is over 0.1, the cube-root scaling formula should be used; otherwise, the square-root
scaling formula should be used. Bigger samples integrated from data samples of different projects but in the same type were
then analyzed to get the empirical relations for different types of projects. The correlation coefficients of these relations
are quite good, thus these relations can be used for reference in other similar projects. This paper then discusses the physical
meanings of parameters in different formulae, sample selection and parameter choice for BVV. It suggests that the current
calculation methods for explosive charge, blasting-to-monitoring distance and scaled distance need to be improved. It also
concludes that the integrated BVV from velocity components in three-dimensions is more reasonable on a theoretical basis.
It can yield good results in predicting the blasting vibration, and should be used as widely as possible. 相似文献
4.
微差爆破降震效果影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依托单段实测爆破振动信号,借助Matlab软件编程,分析了特性各异的子信号在不同微差时间下叠加信号的时频特征,通过引入“降幅率”和“振速比例”的概念,提出了微差爆破叠加信号各特性随微差时间、起爆顺序及子信号特性的变化规律。分析发现,使叠加信号达到一定降幅率的时差并非某一具体时差点,而是多个间断的时差区间,其主频随微差时间的不同呈阶跃锯齿型变化;合理微差时间下,两单段信号的振动特性越相近,干扰降震效果越明显;若装药已定,优先起爆小药量的段别所达到的降震效果更佳。现场试验数据显示,研究结果基本符合微差爆破的现实运作规律 相似文献
5.
In this paper, an experimental methodology is presented using digital image techniques to assess the internal microcracks and to quantify the rock damage within rock cores. The second part of the work is devoted to the numerical estimation of the tensile blast induced damage evolution law. The set up methodology is then applied to a set of limestone cores which were sampled before and after a real field blast round. The image analysis algorithm which was developed during the present work is based on a segmentation technique that uses a particular thresholding. Petrographic parameters, such as crack number, orientation, extension, centroid position were computed as a first step aiming at a fine characterization of the cracked medium. The most important estimated parameter is the specific crack area which is defined as the ratio between the crack area and the total image area. This parameter was taken as the rock internal damage. A dynamic tensile damage ordinary partial differential equation is numerically solved and calibrated with the obtained data in order to derive a general blast induced damage evaluation law within the muckpile blocks. The application of the numerical algorithm to cores coming from sampled blocks before and after real field blasts allowed the estimation of damage parameter and dynamic stress evolution histories as well as an estimation of the microfracturing activation and growth energies used during the blast. 相似文献
6.
Josip Mesec Darko Vrkljan Zvonimir Ester 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(3):431-438
This paper analyses results of trial, construction and quarry blasting, carried out in sediment rock deposits, mainly limestone
and dolomite. Based on results of seismic measurements and engineering geological observations in sedimentary formation, an
empirical relationship was established between ground vibration and geological strength index (GSI). The charge weight of explosive that may be detonated per delay for any given distance of nearby structures from the blast
is approximately determined by using the concept of the scaled distance (SD) along with the DIN 4150 standard. 相似文献
7.
扼要介绍了线性定解问题的叠加原理。进而讨论了叠加原理在地下水流模型中的应用问题——地下水流模型的分解与叠加。在新增激发条件下,为便于问题的分析及模型的求解,可将模型分解为初始流场模型与附加水头场模型。模型分解与叠加不仅可简化复杂模型的求解问题,更有助于对水文地质过程的理解。利用附加水头场反求参数以及解决当初始水位非水平、非稳定时,Dupuit公式、Theim公式和Theis公式的应用问题,将显得十分便利。 相似文献
8.
Manoj Khandelwal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):205-217
The purpose of this article is to evaluate and predict the blast induced ground vibration using different conventional vibration
predictors and artificial neural network (ANN) at a surface coal mine of India. Ground Vibration is a seismic wave that spread
out from the blast hole when detonated in a confined manner. 128 blast vibrations were recorded and monitored in and around
the surface coal mine at different strategic and vulnerable locations. Among these, 103 blast vibrations data sets were used
for the training of the ANN network as well as to determine site constants of various conventional vibration predictors, whereas
rest 25 blast vibration data sets were used for the validation and comparison by ANN and empirical formulas. Two types of
ANN model based on two parameters (maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point) and multiple
parameters (burden, spacing, charge length, maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point)
were used in the present study to predict the peak particle velocity. Finally, it is found that the ANN model based on multiple
input parameters have better prediction capability over two input parameters ANN model and conventional vibration predictors. 相似文献
9.
Vivek K. Himanshu M. P. Roy A. K. Mishra Ranjit Kumar Paswan Deepak Panda P. K. Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):460
Excavation of coal, overburden, and mineral deposits by blasting is dominant over the globe to date, although there are certain undesirable effects of blasting which need to be controlled. Blast-induced vibration is one of the major concerns for blast designers as it may lead to structural damage. The empirical method for prediction of blast-induced vibration has been adopted by many researchers in the form of predictor equations. Predictor equations are site specific and indirectly related to physicomechanical and geological properties of rock mass as blast-induced ground vibration is a function of various controllable and uncontrollable parameters. Rock parameters for blasting face and propagation media for blast vibration waves are uncontrollable parameters, whereas blast design parameters like hole diameter, hole depth, column length of explosive charge, total number of blast holes, burden, spacing, explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge in a blasting round, and initiation system are controllable parameters. Optimization of blast design parameters is based on site condition and availability of equipment. Most of the smaller mines have predesigned blasting parameters except explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge, and distance of blast face from surface structures. However, larger opencast mines have variations in blast design parameters for different benches based on strata condition: Multivariate predictor equation is necessary in such case. This paper deals with a case study to establish multivariate predictor equation for Moher and Moher Amlohri Extension opencast mine of India. The multivariate statistical regression approach to establish linear and logarithmic scale relation between variables to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) has been used for this purpose. Blast design has been proposed based on established multivariate regression equation to optimize blast design parameters keeping PPV within legislative limits. 相似文献
10.
为了研究岩石在循环爆破作用下的动力学响应,本文对黑云母花岗岩试块进行了小型爆破试验,利用加速度传感器和声波测试仪,分别对循环爆破荷载下质点振动衰减规律与累积损伤演化机理进行了探析,并对不同装药量下花岗岩试块的裂纹扩展与断裂形态进行了比较。结果表明:萨道夫斯基公式对室内花岗岩试块的爆破振动衰减规律具有较好的适用性,拟合相关参数都处于0.90以上;花岗岩的爆破损伤随着爆破次数的增加而增加,且损伤值随着距爆心距离（爆心距）的增加而降低,近区损伤值迅速降低,降幅约为1.46/m,而中区和远区损伤值降低相对缓慢,约为0.57/m和0.13/m;花岗岩的破坏程度和装药量有较高的关联度,当药量较低时,岩块致裂所需要的爆破次数就越大;随着药量增加到一定程度,岩块在低爆破次数下就会发生破坏;此外,还发现随着装药量的增加,试块爆后破裂的块数呈现增加趋势,如较低药量时试样破裂成2块,较高药量下破裂成3~4块。 相似文献
11.
Yagoub M. M. Alsereidi Aishah A. Mohamed Elfadil A. Periyasamy Punitha Alameri Reem Aldarmaki Salama Alhashmi Yaqein 《Natural Hazards》2020,100(1):111-132
Prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration is a matter of concern in mining industry since long. Several approaches ranging from scaled distance regression, different numerical methods to wave superimposition theories have been tried by many researchers for better prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration. Signature hole analysis is one of the popular simulation methods to predict the ground vibration generated due to production blast. It superimposes the recorded signature hole waveform using a computer program to predict the production blast-induced vibration. The technique inputs the designated time of detonation of each hole and superimposes the waves generated by each hole to predict the nearest value of peak particle velocity and frequency of blast-induced ground vibration. Although a very useful approach, it requires a computer program to simulate the linear superimposition of waveforms. The simulation is not possible for every blast as it takes time and also is difficult for field engineers to simulate every time, whereas it is always easy for blasting engineers to adapt and use an empirical equation/approach for prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration than simulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an innovative and simplified analytical approach of signature hole analysis. The simplified sinusoidal wave equation is obtained from recorded signature hole ground vibration waveform properties and is superimposed mathematically according to the multi-hole blast design to predict the production blast-induced ground vibrations. The validation of the developed approach was done in three different sites, and up to 15% more accuracy in prediction of the blast, vibrations are achieved in comparison with signature hole analysis prediction.
相似文献12.
基于Feng Y T提出的精确缩尺方法,即根据几何相似、静力相似、动力相似3个相似原理建立一套缩尺准则,使得缩尺前后模型的力学响应保持一致。首次将该理论应用于颗粒材料的流变分析当中,采用Burgers黏塑性蠕变模型,引入流变参数,在原缩尺准则上进行理论推导,得到在二维和三维条件下的缩尺准则;其次在理论推导的基础上进行数值仿真验证。研究结果表明：严格按照拟定的缩尺准则选取参数后,缩尺后模型的力学响应能够保证和原尺寸模型完全一致,计算误差在3%以内,同时简要探讨了时间步长、黏性系数、颗粒数目、比尺数对数值试验的影响,为数值试验中相关参数的选取以及如何让数值模型反映材料真实的力学行为提供了有效参考。另外,由于缩尺模型采用与原模型相同的颗粒数目、颗粒形状、颗粒压实状态和比尺数,揭示了等比例缩尺对材料流变行为的影响。 相似文献
13.
Ali Kahriman Umit Ozer Mehmet Aksoy Abdulkadir Karadogan Gungor Tuncer 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):1015-1023
This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements carried out in Hisarcik Boron open pit mine located on the west side of central Anatolia near Kütahya province in Turkey. Within the scope of this study to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) level for this site, ground vibration components were measured for 304 shots during bench blasting. In blasting operations, ANFO (blasting agent), gelatin dynamite (priming), and delay electric detonators (firing) were used as explosives. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured for all blast events using two different types of vibration monitors (one White Mini-Seis and one Instantel Minimate Plus Model). The absolute distances between shot points and monitor stations were determined using GPS. The equation of square root scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of PPV. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity obtained from the 565 event records were analyzed statistically. At the end of statistical evaluation of the data pairs, an empirical relation which gives 50% prediction line with a reasonable correlation coefficient was established between PPV and scaled distance. 相似文献
14.
爆破震动灾害主动控制方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在微差爆破工程中,用干扰降震法实现爆破震动灾害主动控制的关键在于确定合理的微差延期时间。由于所使用的普通雷管存在延期误差,设计或选择的延期微差时间往往与实际的有较大出入,影响了微差爆破的效果和顺利实施。确定微差爆破中的实际微差延迟时间对优化微差爆破效果、降低爆破地震效应具有很大的现实意义。用基于小波分析的时能密度法以及信号时-频域转换技术,从实测微差爆破震动信号中分离出各分段震波,通过比较各分段震波在不同延期时间下的叠加效果,得到了微差爆破的较优微差延期时间,实现了爆破震动灾害主动控制。该方法对研究爆破震动效应及其灾害的控制,具有较高的理论和应用价值,为系统开展爆破震动危害控制和预测研究奠定了理论和技术基础。 相似文献
15.
Seismic events can take place due to the interaction of stress waves induced by stope production blasts with faults located in close proximity to stopes. The occurrence of such seismic events needs to be controlled to ensure the safety of the mine operators and the underground mine workings. This paper presents the results of a dynamic numerical modelling study of fault slip induced by stress waves resulting from stope production blasts. First, the calibration of a numerical model having a single blast hole is performed using a charge weight scaling law to determine blast pressure and damping coefficient of the rockmass. Subsequently, a numerical model of a typical Canadian metal mine encompassing a fault parallel to a tabular ore deposit is constructed, and the simulation of stope extraction sequence is carried out with static analyses until the fault exhibits slip burst conditions. At that point, the dynamic analysis begins by applying the calibrated blast pressure to the stope wall in the form of velocities generated by the blast holes. It is shown from the results obtained from the dynamic analysis that the stress waves reflected on the fault create a drop of normal stresses acting on the fault, which produces a reduction in shear stresses while resulting in fault slip. The influence of blast sequences on the behaviour of the fault is also examined assuming several types of blast sequences. Comparison of the blast sequence simulation results indicates that performing simultaneous blasts symmetrically induces the same level of seismic events as separate blasts, although seismic energy is more rapidly released when blasts are performed symmetrically. On the other hand when nine blast holes are blasted simultaneously, a large seismic event is induced, compared to the other two blasts. It is concluded that the separate blasts might be employed under the adopted geological conditions. The developed methodology and procedure to arrive at an ideal blast sequence can be applied to other mines where faults are found in the vicinity of stopes. 相似文献
16.
In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. Prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance when responding to and avoiding environmentally-related complaints. This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements carried out in a celestite open-pit mine during blast optimisation studies. The particle velocity components (longitudinal, transversal, vertical and peak) and the airblast measurement results were evaluated considering the scaled distance relationship. The statistical analysis of 47 data sets yielded an empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance. This approach which is suggested for the present site gives the 50% line and the upper bound 95% prediction limit with reasonable correlation. 相似文献
17.
基于ARMA模型的隧道位移时间序列分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在新奥法隧道施工中,隧道位移监测对于评价围岩稳定性和支护结构合理性起重要作用。目前大都采用AR模型对隧道位移进行时间序列分析,避开了非线性估计,致使拟合精度和模型实用性较差。为此,介绍了具有较高预测精度和较好适用条件的ARMA模型及其常用参数估计方法,基于其参数非线性估计带来的不便性,提出一种ARMA模型参数估计近似线性方法,把残差用Taylor级数一阶展开,将非线性估计线性化,用线性最小二乘法估计参数最终值。用该方法对重庆市大足县南环二路南山隧道位移监测数据进行时间序列建模分析,预测与实测值吻合较好,证明了该方法的实用性。 相似文献
18.
Prediction of Safe Charge to Protect Surrounding Structures Using Support Vector Machine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Manoj Khandelwal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(4):859-867
The present paper mainly with deals the prediction of safe explosive charge used per delay (QMAX) using support vector machine (SVM) incorporating peak particle velocity (PPV) and distance between blast face to monitoring point (D). 150 blast vibration data sets were monitored at different vulnerable and strategic locations in and around a major coal producing opencast coal mines in India. 120 blast vibrations records were used for the training of the SVM model vis-à-vis to determine site constants of various conventional vibration predictors. Rest 30 new randomly selected data sets were used to compare the SVM prediction results with widely used conventional predictors. Results were compared based on coefficient of correlation (R) between measured and predicted values of safe charge of explosive used per delay (QMAX). It was found that coefficient of correlation between measured and predicted QMAX by SVM was 0.997, whereas it was ranging from 0.063 to 0.872 by different conventional predictor equations. 相似文献
19.
Umit Ozer Abdulkadir Karadogan Ali Kahriman Mehmet Aksoy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):711-721
This research was performed on the quarry that will be opened to produce aggregates and rock filling material at Catalagzi region at Zonguldak province in Turkey. However, there are some structures which can be adversely affected by blasting at the quarry. These structures are a methane exploration drill hole and a house at the distances of 340 and 390 m, respectively. One of the main goals of this study is to perform a preliminary assessment of possible damage effect of ground vibrations induced by blasting on these structures by risk analysis based on ground vibration measurements. In order to propose a preliminary blast design models separately for aggregate and rock filling material production, six test shots with different maximum charge per delay were planned and fired at the quarry. In these shots, 90 events were recorded. To predict peak particle velocity (PPV), the relationship between the recorded peak particle velocities and scaled distances were investigated. During this investigation, the data pairs were statistically analyzed and a PPV prediction equation specific to this site with 95% prediction line were obtained. And also, this equation was used in the derivation of the practical blasting charts specific to this site as a practical way of predicting the peak particle velocity and maximum charge per delay for future blasting. A risk analysis was performed by using this equation. In the light of this analysis, preliminary blast design models were proposed to be used in this quarry for aggregate and rock filling material production. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents a numerical model for predicting the dynamic response of rock mass subjected to large‐scale underground explosion. The model is calibrated against data obtained from large‐scale field tests. The Hugoniot equation of state for rock mass is adopted to calculate the pressure as a function of mass density. A piecewise linear Drucker–Prager strength criterion including the strain rate effect is employed to model the rock mass behaviour subjected to blast loading. A double scalar damage model accounting for both the compression and tension damage is introduced to simulate the damage zone around the charge chamber caused by blast loading. The model is incorporated into Autodyn3D through its user subroutines. The numerical model is then used to predict the dynamic response of rock mass, in terms of the peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak particle acceleration (PPA) attenuation laws, the damage zone, the particle velocity time histories and their frequency contents for large‐scale underground explosion tests. The computed results are found in good agreement with the field measured data; hence, the proposed model is proven to be adequate for simulating the dynamic response of rock mass subjected to large‐scale underground explosion. Extended numerical analyses indicate that, apart from the charge loading density, the stress wave intensity is also affected, but to a lesser extent, by the charge weight and the charge chamber geometry for large‐scale underground explosions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献