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粉质黏土在山东地区分布广泛,对粉质黏土剪切波速—埋深关系的研究可用于指导实践。根据山东境内的工程地质特征,本文将山东划分为鲁西地区、鲁中南地区和鲁东地区3个统计单元,分别对粉质黏土的剪切波速—埋深数据进行统计,使用4种回归模型对粉质黏土剪切波速—埋深数据进行回归分析,对比各回归模型的拟合效果。研究表明,粉质黏土剪切波速与埋深之间有明显的相关性,基于幂函数的回归模型(v_(si)=ah_i~b+c)具有最佳的拟合效果,在Ⅱ类场地和Ⅲ类场地条件下都能很好的拟合剪切波速随埋深的变化,并且具有良好的拟合优度。基于该模型,本文得到了鲁西地区、鲁中南地区和鲁东地区粉质黏土剪切波速—埋深关系经验公式并给出了相应的误差,供实际工作中缺乏剪切波速时参考。 相似文献
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土壤剪切波速与埋深关系的统计分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为解决工程中剪切波速测试不能达到工作要求深度的问题,文中根据大量黑龙江地区的地震安全性评价资料,运用主要的经验公式:线性拟合Y=a+bX;多项式拟合Y=a+bX+cX2;指数拟合Y=aXb,分别统计了土壤剪切波速与埋深之间的关系,给出回归参数及适用深度。结果表明:(1)剪切波速与杂填土土层深度无论采用何种方式回归,都得不到令人满意的结果;(2)除粗砂多项式拟合方式略好于线性拟合方式外,各土类剪切波速与土层深度的关系采用线性拟合方式要优于多项式和指数拟合方式;(3)采用多项式和指数拟合方式也可以得到比较令人满意的结果;(4)除粘土(可塑、软塑)外,采用多项式拟合方式要略优于指数拟合方式。结果可为今后黑龙江地区工程场地分类,抗震设防小区化提供参考依据。 相似文献
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基于杭州市丰富的场地钻孔剪切波速资料,采用3种常见的剪切波速与埋深回归分析模型,分析杭州地区5类常规土在场地分类和场地未分类情况下的最优拟合公式和预测范围,并对推荐模型进行可靠性验证,对常规粉质粘土和粉砂进行地区差异性分析。研究结果表明:本文推荐的剪切波速与埋深关系公式具有良好的可靠性;地区、岩土类型和预测深度均对剪切波速与埋深关系模型的可靠性产生显著影响,故应用时应优先选用本地区统计模型,如若未有,则需根据已有资料,对选用模型进行岩土类型和适应预测深度范围验证,以保证所选模型的可靠性;受地区、岩土类型和预测深度的影响,考虑场地分类并不一定提高统计模型的预测精度,在实际工程应用中具有不确定性。 相似文献
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利用天津市78个钻孔2 212组不同岩土体的剪切波速数据,分析天津地区土层剪切波速随土层深度、岩土类型等影响因素的变化规律,利用灰色关联分析方法研究上述影响因素与天津地区土层剪切波速之间的相关性,获得该区土层剪切波速各影响因素的灰色关联排序,继而得到区分岩土类型的剪切波速回归公式,利用所得公式对实际钻孔不同深度剪切波速进行预测,并基于实测结果对预测结果进行分析。在天津地区,应综合利用岩土类型和土层深度对剪切波速进行评价。不同岩土类型、剪切波速与深度的相关性大小存在较为明显的差异,其中粘土的剪切波速和深度之间的相关性最强。同等深度条件下,由粘土到细砂粒径逐渐增大,其相应的剪切波速也逐渐增大。各类主要岩土体剪切波速与埋深之间的相关关系中多项式模型拟合精度最高,可用于天津市区主要土体剪切波速计算工作。 相似文献
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下辽河平原区剪切波速与土层埋深关系分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
土体剪切波速是岩土工程勘察和地震安全性评价应用最广的参量之一。依据下辽河平原区大量的钻孔实测剪切波速数据,探讨了不同土类剪切波速与埋深间的关系:通过最小二乘法分别采用线性模型、指数模型和一元二次多项式模型建立了按土性分类的土体剪切波速与埋深间的统计公式,以拟合优度为评价指标进行对比选择,并与《构筑物抗震设计规范》的经验公式及工程场地实测结果进行了对比。结果表明:所推荐的剪切波速与埋深间的统计公式优于规范的经验公式;采用推荐公式与实测结果进行了土层地震反应分析对比,结果表明,两者计算结果差别不大,均可用于下辽河平原区一般建筑的工程勘察与地震安全评价。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(4)
一般认为土层剪切波速与埋深关系的回归公式主要用于对当地土层剪切波速值的初步估计。为了提高钻孔波速测试数据的应用价值,基于土层剪切波速与埋深关系的主要数学模型及其拟合参数,推导了场地覆盖层厚度计算公式、等效剪切波速计算公式和时深转换中反射波组埋深计算公式。以河南省长垣县场地为例,采用上述新公式计算获得的场地覆盖层厚度值、等效剪切波速值可满足工程需要。并提出应用这些新公式的步骤为:1)依据场地相关资料划分地震工程地质单元;2)对同一个地震工程地质单元内的钻孔波速测试数据进行统计分析,综合判别和选择土层波速与埋深统计关系的数学模型及其拟合参数;3)将选择的数学模型的拟合参数分别代入上述的新公式,即可分别获得场地覆盖层厚度、等效剪切波速或地层反射波组埋深。 相似文献
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《华南地震》2015,(3)
收集了2008年以来北海市城区44个工程场地地震安全性评价中的土层剪切波速测试资料,采用幂函数模型分别对粘土、粗砂、砾砂、其它土类的土层剪切波速与埋深进行加权回归分析,得到不同土类的模型参数及拟合优度指标(判定系数R2和误差标准差σ),并对回归方程和回归系数进行了显著性检验;最后将土层剪切波速预测值与实测值进行对比,验证回归关系式的合理性和适用性。结果表明:北海市城区土层剪切波速与埋深呈现出较好的幂函数关系,拟合优度均在0.81以上;给出的土层剪切波速回归关系式能较好地预测出不同埋深土层剪切波速,特别是在土层中部和底部推测结果准确性更高,其推测结果可供北海市城区缺乏剪切波速测试资料的场地参考使用。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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