共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
人工合成透明土材料在支撑岩土工程可视化模型试验技术领域得到了良好的应用。然而,关于该新型材料的动力特性研究仍相对缺少,一定程度上影响了其在动力相关模型试验中的推广应用。基于共振柱、动扭剪试验仪器,开展人工合成透明砂土的动变形与动强度特性试验研究,并与天然砂土及福建标准砂的相关动变形与动强度特性进行对比分析;透明砂土由折射率一致的熔融石英砂和混合油配制而成,混合油由15号白矿物油和正12烷按比例混合而成。试验测定并分析了透明砂土的动剪切模量-应变、阻尼比-应变、动剪切模量-阻尼比等关系曲线,以及孔压、动强度特征。试验结果表明,由熔融石英砂与混合油配制而成的透明砂土的动变形和动强度特性与天然砂土相似,可以模拟天然砂土材料开展动力相关模型试验研究。 相似文献
2.
土工格栅加筋能够有效改善锚板的抗拔承载力,然而锚板在上拔过程中的破坏机制及其影响因素尚需进一步研究。针对砂土中水平锚板的抗拔特性,开展了多组锚板上拔试验,分析了砂土密实度、锚板埋深、土工格栅布设层数和位置等因素的影响,结合粒子图像测速（particle image velocimetry,简称PIV）技术探究了锚板周边土体的变形破坏机制。研究结果表明：单层接触式格栅加筋对锚板的抗拔承载力有明显的提升,且其对土体性能的改善优于非接触式格栅加筋情况,其原因与土工格栅变形量和上覆土体重力有关;当采用双层土工格栅加筋时,下层格栅可充分发挥限制土体侧向变形和均化应力分布的作用,上层格栅相对而言贡献不大;采用土工格栅加筋后,锚-土界面附近土体的变形模式发生了明显的变化,其破坏面相比未加筋前向内侧收敛,且剪应变分布更为均匀。 相似文献
3.
植物根系分布形态及含根复合土强度特性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根系空间分布形态对含根复合土体抗剪强度影响显著。近年来快速发展的透明土试验技术为非嵌入式可视化观测植物根系分布形态提供了技术支撑。基于Carbopol Ultrez 10制配成透明黏土材料,开展高羊茅、香根草两种植物根系生长过程中的分布形态观测研究;并与植物在天然砂土与天然黏土中的根系生长长度进行对比分析。继而,开展高羊茅植物根系分别在水平、竖直、倾斜、相交及混合等分布形态下含根复合土体的十字板剪切试验,探讨最优含根量、根系增强效应系数以及表层加筋效应等问题。试验结果表明,透明黏土材料中最优含根量约为0.35%,混合分布形态下根系增强效应最明显,根系增强效应系数约为1.4～1.5。 相似文献
4.
为揭示土体在冲击荷载作用下的动态响应特征,运用自主研发的附加激发力式平板动力载荷试验系统（flat dynamic load test,简称FDLT试验）对广州大学城区内两种典型土体（砂土和黏土）进行了不同荷载大小和加载速率的FDLT试验,获取了土体在冲击荷载下的荷载-时程曲线、位移-时程曲线、荷载-位移曲线的3种关系曲线。建立了动态变形模量与加载速率的经验公式,对比分析了两种土体在冲击荷载作用下的加载速率效应。研究表明：（1）砂土的FDLT试验存在一个充电量临界值,在该充电量冲击试验过程中,加载速率对砂土的动态强度及变形有较大的影响,而对黏土在本次试验条件下未有明显影响。（2）加载速率对黏土与砂土的位移响应的相同之处在于,最大荷载和最大位移均随加载速率的增大而提高;不同之处在于,黏土达到位移峰值时间会随加载速率增大而延长,而砂土达到位移峰值时间随加载速率增大呈现先增加后减小的规律。（3）土体的动态变形模量与加载速率曲线呈对数变化关系。本研究成果可为土体动力特性研究、土的动静参数换算和工程设计提供依据。 相似文献
5.
阵列式位移计（SAA）是一种基于微电子机械系统测试原理的测试加速度和位移的传感器,该方法具有精度高、可重复利用、自动实时采集等特点。介绍了SAA测试技术首次在成层土中桩基与复合桩基大型振动台模型试验中的应用,研究了桩基、复合地基及模型地基土体系的地震位移响应。试验结果表明：SAA可全面、直观地测试桩体及土体在地震动荷载下的加速度以及变形反应规律;测试数据发现小震作用下,地基土与桩身位移协调;随地震作用加大,地基土与桩身位移差异增大;地基土中软土夹层的存在对地基土的水平位移影响较大。 相似文献
6.
基于CFD的地震液化研究新进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了近年来关于液化土体流体动力学特征的试验发展状况,以及基于计算流体动力学（简称CFD）的地震液化数值模拟现状,重点介绍了目前比较活跃的可以较高精度模拟液化土体流动状态的三次伪质点数值方法（简称CIP法）。通过对CFD和传统固体力学在地震液化研究中的应用比较,指出了应用CFD的三大优势,即土体大变形问题、液化土体参数分析以及液化土体中结构物的变形应用CFD分析,均可获得较好的结果。进一步提出,在地震液化应用中,未来CFD的发展应该考虑整合液化前的土体性状研究和地震液化中桩-土-结构物的综合分析。 相似文献
7.
以物理模型土钉墙的破坏性试验获得的土体的基本参数和模型的尺寸为基础,应用FLAC3D软件建立土钉墙数值模拟模型。通过数值模型模拟基坑开挖与支护过程,并监测该过程中的土钉墙墙体沿深度方向水平位移情况和各层土钉的轴力变化情况以及它们之间的关系。支护过程结束后,在墙顶分级施加竖向荷载直至墙体产生较大变形,研究了土钉墙在超载状况下的工作状况以及破坏过程,并与物理模型土钉墙的破坏性试验结果进行对比。研究发现,开挖过程中墙体水平位移底部大于顶部,呈“勺形”分布;墙体水平位移最大处附近的土钉轴力也最大;粉质砂土土钉墙变形超过基坑开挖深度的4‰后,墙体的稳定性会极大降低;粉质砂土土钉墙没有下卧软弱层时,在地面超载作用下其破坏形式为体内破坏,表现为部分土体沿滑裂面向下滑动。 相似文献
8.
针对土工合成材料界面特性试验易受试验装置影响的特点,采用大型叠环式剪切仪进行土工织物与砂土的界面剪切试验。对比砂土本身、土工织物与砂土的两种剪切试验结果发现,土工织物-砂土剪切引起的叠环位移较小;叠环的水平位移变化规律与土体的剪胀性具有密切联系,土工织物限制了下剪切盒内土颗粒的运动,对达到峰值强度时的土体剪胀也具有抑制作用。由试验结果可知,筋-土界面的剪切带远小于剪切的影响范围,土工织物在界面剪切中的作用不能仅通过剪切带反映,还应考虑土工织物的屏蔽作用和对于土体剪切带形成的影响。 相似文献
9.
群锚是常见的基础形式应用较为广泛,由于群锚之间的相互作用,群锚上拔过程中锚周土体的变形破坏机制比较复杂。采用非接触式数字图像相关方法（DIC）对群锚上拔过程开展模型试验研究,分析了群锚上拔过程中上拔力-位移关系曲线特征和锚周土体变形破坏机制。试验结果表明,密实度和埋深对群锚上拔力-位移关系曲线特征具有显著影响,在相同密实度、相同埋深率下浅埋与深埋群锚与同条件下的单锚具有相似的上拔力-位移关系曲线特征;群锚抗拔承载力具有明显的叠加效应,且砂土密实度、埋深和锚间距等参数因素对群锚效应具有显著影响。通过变形场的研究,得出了砂土密实度、埋深以及锚间距对群锚效应的影响规律。 相似文献
10.
CCL吸附特性及孔隙率降低对污染物运移的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
假定孔隙均匀地分布于土体的物质空间内和土骨架对污染物的吸附特性服从平衡线性,对基本体积质量关系进行分析,提出了由于土体对污染物的吸附而引起的孔隙率降低的估算公式。在考虑土体孔隙率变化的条件下,建立了污染物一维运移的控制方程,并考虑垃圾生物降解效应、压实黏土衬里（CCL）防渗层、下覆有限厚度含水层等实际情况,确定了初始条件和边界条件。对所建立的初边值问题进行了数值求解,且对某假想填埋场情况进行了变动参数与对比计算,结果表明,由于土颗粒对污染物的吸附所引起的孔隙率降低,显著地降低了污染物对压实黏土衬里的穿透能力。与常孔隙率情况相比,CCL中污染物的峰值浓度降低近10 %,含水层中污染物浓度降低更显著。当考虑土体孔隙率变化时,弥散对污染物运移具有控制作用,分布系数对污染物的运移具有重要影响。 相似文献
11.
楔形桩是一种可以有效提高桩侧摩阻力的纵向变截面异形桩,然而针对该变截面桩沉桩效应特性方面的研究却相对较少。基于透明土材料和粒子图像测速技术（简称PIV）,开展静压楔形桩沉桩模型试验,测得沉桩过程中桩周土体的位移场变化规律;沉桩过程中桩周土体位移场由激光射入透明土材料,与透明土材料之间的相互作用产生的独特散斑场,通过CCD（charge-coupled device）电荷耦合元件相机成像处理而获得。同时进行了等截面桩的沉桩模型试验,并对等混凝土材料用量情况下楔形桩和等截面桩的沉桩效应进行对比分析。最后,将此试验结果与基于常规试验手段的静压楔形桩沉桩模型试验和圆孔扩张理论计算结果进行对比分析,验证了基于透明土材料的静压楔形桩沉桩模型试验的准确性和可靠性。研究结果表明,基于透明土材料和PIV技术可以有效地开展静压楔形桩沉桩模型试验研究;楔形桩静压施工过程中对桩周土的影响范围约为等混凝土用量等截面桩的1.2倍。 相似文献
12.
基于扰动状态概念的结构性土压缩特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于土结构性的影响天然沉积土的结构是亚稳定的,屈服后的压缩变形阶段必然伴随着结构的破损。将附加孔隙比?e作为表征原状土的一个结构状态参数,基于扰动状态概念,引入定量分析附加孔隙比?e随固结压力变化关系的方法,得到一维扰动状态概念(DSC)压缩模型,以描述结构性土压缩损伤现象,并通过结构破损指数b来刻画压缩过程中的结构破损速率。根据该模型,对太湖湖沼相典型的天然沉积软黏土、粉质黏土和硬黏土不扰动试样的一维压缩试验结果进行模拟和分析,并结合试验数据提出了模型参数的测定方法。分析结果验证了该模型能够描述具有不同结构形式土样的压缩特性及其实际变形过程中表现出的非线性,这给结构性土非线性固结与沉降计算提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
13.
Soil Deformations During Casing Jacking and Extraction of Expanded-Shoe Piles,Using Model Tests 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chang-Guang Qi Magued Iskander Mehdi Omidvar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):809-826
A small-scale 1-g transparent soil model was employed to investigate soil deformations caused by casing-assisted pile jacking of plastic tube cast-in-place concrete piles. The transparent soil was made of fused quartz and a refractive index matched blended oil. Models were sliced with a laser light sheet and digital images were employed to record jacking and extraction of the casing, allowing the use of digital image correlation to derive the generated displacement fields, non-intrusively. The effects of the shoe shape as well as use of a casing to jack the pile were investigated. It was found that under unconfined conditions, soil response to jacking is significantly affected by the pile shoe shape, with displacements adjacent to a conical shoe markedly smaller compared to a flat shoe. Moreover, casing extraction results in recovery of some of the soil deformation that takes place during pile jacking. 相似文献
14.
Consolidation of clayey contaminant barriers such as landfill liners has been postulated as a cause of early breakthrough of contaminants. In this paper we theoretically investigate this proposition. For this purpose a sophisticated one‐dimensional, large‐deformation model of coupled mechanical consolidation and solute transport is employed. This new model is a generalization of existing coupled consolidation and solute transport models described in the literature. It takes into account both non‐linearities in geometry as well as constitutive relations. The latter relate the compressibility, hydraulic conductivity and coefficient of effective diffusivity to the deformation of the soil. The model is applied to a case study of a clay liner and geomembrane system. Results obtained from numerical solution of the model equations are compared with those from various simplified models, including a ‘diffusion only’ (i.e. a rigid soil) model traditionally used in contaminant barrier design. For barriers incorporating low compressibility soils (as for many well compacted clays), there is little difference between contaminant transit (i.e. breakthrough) times predicted by the two models. However, for contaminant barriers incorporating more compressible soils, consolidation is shown to significantly accelerate transport. These results indicate the potential importance of accounting for the effects of soil consolidation and highlight the limitations of existing models when modelling solute transport through composite barriers utilizing soft soils. Based on these limited results, we suggest a possible way of taking into account soil consolidation using simplified models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
This study presents a simple approach to modelling the effect of temperature on the soil–water retention curves (SWRCs) of deformable soils and takes into consideration the following two aspects: (1) the effect of temperature on the liquid–gas interfacial tension and (2) temperature-induced deformation of the soil skeleton. The first aspect, the temperature effect, can be modelled using an equation proposed by Grant and Salehzadeh [18], but the second aspect is generally neglected in the literature. To quantify the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) deformation of unsaturated soils (i.e., the second aspect mentioned above), a simple volume change equation, referred to as the non-isothermal SFG volumetric equation, is proposed on the basis of the original SFG framework [37]. A three-dimensional THM yield surface in the space of net mean stress, suction and temperature is presented here. The proposed volume change equation is integrated into the non-isothermal SWRC by means of a simple hydro-mechanical coupling law [38]. The performance of the non-isothermal SFG volumetric equation and the non-isothermal SWRC equation is investigated through several numerical examples. A number of experimental results reported in the literature are employed to confirm the validity of the proposed non-isothermal SFG volume change equation and the non-isothermal SWRC equation. 相似文献
16.
This study examines linear spectral unmixing technique for mapping the surface soil types using field spectroscopy data as the reference spectra. The investigated area is located in North Sinai, Egypt. The study employed data from the Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite sensor with improved spatial and spectral resolution. Mixed remotely sensed image pixels may lead to inaccurate classification results in most conventional image classification algorithms. Spectral unmixing may solve this problem by resolving those into separate components. Four soil type end-members were identified with minimum noise fraction and pixel purity index analyses. The identified soil types are calcareous soils, dry sabkhas, wet sabkhas, and sand dunes. Soil end-member reference spectra were collected in the field using an ASD FieldSpec Pro spectrometer. Constrained sum-to-one and non-negativity linear spectral unmixing model was applied and the soil types map was produced. The results showed that linear spectral unmixing model can be a useful tool for mapping soil types from ETM+ images. 相似文献
17.
Hao Zhang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(1):1-10
Natural soils such as clays exhibit a variety of features including anisotropy, destruction and overconsolidation. In this work, a constitutive model that is able to replicate those salient features of natural clays is presented. The model is based on the classical S-CLAY1 model, where the anisotropy of the soil is captured through the initial inclination and rotation of the yield surface. To account for overconsolidation, a parabolic Hvorslev envelope is adopted. The compression curve of the reconstituted soil is taken as the reference to describe the structural of the soil. Parameters of the proposed constitutive model all have clear physical meanings and can be conveniently determined from conventional triaixal tests. Numerical examples using the proposed model to simulate overconsolidated natural soils are presented and compared with existing experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the model. 相似文献
18.
常规室内模型试验中,土体侧向位移作用下桩身变形特性能够获得,而桩周土体内部的位移很难量测。因此,结合透明土材料、粒子图像测速(PIV)技术和光学测量系统,设计了侧向位移作用下被动桩桩周土体变形测量试验系统。通过非插入式测量,得到桩不同埋置深度下桩周土体的位移场。试验结果表明:相同侧向位移模式下,桩埋置深度越大,桩对桩前土体的遮拦效应越明显,中间与两侧土体的相对位移越大。基于模型试验的结果建立了数值模型,参数敏感分析表明土体侧向位移形状对桩前土体位移遮拦效应的影响程度依次为矩形、抛物线形和三角形,且遮拦效果随着桩径的增加而更加明显。 相似文献
19.
Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus coupling relationships and their influencing factors in the critical zone of Dongting Lake wetlands,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wetland is a transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and is the source and sink of various biogenic elements in the earth’s epipelagic zone. In order to investigate the driving force and coupling mechanism of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) migration in the critical zone of lake wetland, this paper studies the natural wetland of Dongting Lake area, through measuring and analysing the C, N and P contents in the wetland soil and groundwater. Methods of Pearson correlation, non-linear regression and machine learning were employed to analyse the influencing factors, and to explore the coupling patterns of the C, N and P in both soils and groundwater, with data derived from soil and water samples collected from the wetland critical zone. The results show that the mean values of organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in groundwater are 1.59 mg/L, 4.19 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, while the mean values of C, N and P in the soils are 18.05 g/kg, 0.86 g/kg and 0.52 g/kg. The results also show that the TOC, TN and TP in the groundwater are driven by a variety of environmental factors. However, the concentrations of C, N and P in the soils are mainly related to vegetation abundance and species which influence each other. In addition, the fitted curves of wetland soil C-N and C-P appear to follow the power function and S-shaped curve, respectively. In order to establish a multivariate regression model, the soil N and P contents were used as the input parameters and the soil C content used as the output one. By comparing the prediction effects of machine learning and nonlinear regression modelling, the results show that coupled relationship equation for the C, N and P contents is highly reliable. Future modelling of the coupled soil and groundwater elemental cycles needs to consider the complexity of hydrogeological conditions and to explore the quantitative relationships among the influencing factors and chemical constituents. 相似文献