共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
深厚软黏土一维固结计算中,初始应力和附加应力分布形式对固结度存在较大影响。假设土体初始应力和附加应力均沿深度线性变化,推导了线性加载时的双曲线一维固结控制方程,并用差分法加以解答。同时,在不同的外荷载qa、压缩层厚度H、初始模量E0、附加应力分布系数β及边界条件下,分析了初始应力和附加应力沿深度线性变化对平均固结度Us、Up的影响。结果表明,当顶面和底面均透水时,除了E0≤388 k Pa且H≥25 m情况外,初始应力和附加应力沿深度线性变化对Us、Up的影响不大。但当顶面透水而底面不透水时,在土体初始应力和附加应力的两种不同分布形式下计算的Us、Up相差较大,特别是对于深厚软黏土,这种差别更加明显。另外,还可以看出,考虑初始应力和附加应力随深度变化时,Tv不再适合作为描述时间的无量纲因子。 相似文献
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考虑岩体峰后非线性软化的衬砌压力隧洞应力解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用弹性－塑性非线性软化―裂缝区三阶段围岩模型,根据全量理论将真实岩体单轴应变非线性软化特征推广,得到复杂应力状态下岩体等效应力和等效应变关系,在此基础上对衬砌压力隧洞在等压荷载作用下进行弹塑性分析。推导出了围岩裂缝区、塑性软化区、弹性区和衬砌内任一点的应力与位移的解析计算式,得到了衬砌边缘岩体开始产生塑性变形的临界内压力。该解析式具有广泛的适用性,基于理想塑性介质的解答如Kastner解和完全脆性介质的解答均为特例。 相似文献
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利用弹性力学的Mindlin解,对孙统立公式进行修正,推导得到双圆盾构正面附加推力和盾壳摩擦力引起的土体附加应力计算公式。假定土体为Winkler模型,采用随机介质理论,推导得到土体损失引起的竖向土体附加应力计算公式。研究了双圆盾构施工在邻近垂直交叉地下管线上引起的附加荷载大小及分布规律。研究结果表明：双圆盾构盾壳摩擦力引起的地下管线附加荷载较大;正面附加推力引起的附加荷载较小,可忽略;竖向附加荷载主要由土体损失引起,最大值一般出现在中轴线上方,当地下管线与盾构之间距离较小时,附加荷载最大值出现在左右单圆圆心附近的位置。 相似文献
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基于稳定采空区场地并结合某一工程实例进行建筑地基沉降变形计算分析,并对采空区地基适宜性进行综合评判。提出一种适合于采空区地基的荷载影响深度 确定方法,采用概率积分法对采空区场地不同区域剩余变形进行预测,提出考虑活化变形、剩余变形、附加变形的采空区建筑地基沉降变形计算方法,研究结果表明：（1）建筑荷载相同时判别系数越小（0.10 （自重应力）、0.08 、0.07 、0.05 ）,荷载影响深度越大;判别系数相同时建筑荷载越大,荷载影响深度也随之非线性增大。（2）对于一般采空区地基,宜采用 （附加应力）= 0.10 判别标准确定荷载影响深度;对于复杂采空区地基,宜采用 0.05 判别标准确定荷载影响深度。（3）在常规方法上（ 0.20 ）确定的荷载影响深度 ,对于采空区地基经对比分析,1.4 和1.8 荷载影响深度可作为一般采空区地基和复杂采空区地基工程设计参考。（4）在不引起活化变形的最高层数建筑荷载下,地表剩余变形量非常小可忽略不计,采空区建筑地基沉降变形主要是土层附加压缩变形。（5）数值模拟结果表明,采空区内边缘沉降较大、不均匀沉降明显,不宜作为建设场地;采空区中央沉降较小,没有明显不均匀沉降,宜作为建设场地。 相似文献
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挡土墙受局部连续荷载作用的附加土压力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
求解附加应力的布西涅斯克解答和弗拉曼解答与朗肯土压力理论结合,可用来计算挡土墙受矩形铅直均布荷载和条形铅直均布荷载作用,在墙背处引起的附加主动土压力和附加被动土压力的变化情况,这种计算方法可以较准确的考虑荷载作用型式,作用位置,作用范围和极限平衡状态的影响,可以反映外荷通过填土传递过程的变化,得出的附加土压力较小。 相似文献
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设计并完成了循环荷载作用下水泥土桩复合地基的模型试验。对水泥土桩复合地基的竖向附加应力、桩土应力比、孔隙水压力及沉降等问题进行了研究讨论。结果表明,（1）水泥土桩加固饱和软基后发生了应力重分布;（2）循环荷载作用下复合地基桩土应力比受加荷周数、循环应力比和置换率等因素的影响较显著;（3）水泥土桩加固饱和软基降低了孔压值,减小了由于孔隙水压力的消散而产生的工后沉降;（4）水泥土桩复合地基在循环荷载作用下桩顶和桩间土变形并不协调,桩顶永久沉降小于桩间土永久沉降,且加荷周数越大这种趋势越显著。 相似文献
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对双圆（DOT）盾构隧道周围土体采用椭圆形非等量径向位移模式,在镜像法基本原理上,推导土体损失引起的附加应力计算公式,研究双圆盾构正面附加推力、双圆盾构机与土体之间的摩擦力以及土体损失在平行既有隧道上引起的总的附加荷载的分布规律。研究结果表明,附加荷载的变化规律与双圆盾构机和邻近平行隧道的相对位置密切相关,是一个三维问题;随着双圆盾构机开挖面通过前后,附加荷载由压力变为拉力;土体损失是引起相邻隧道上附加荷载的主要因素,其次分别是盾壳摩擦力和正面附加推力;已建隧道受到的附加荷载变化规律与其和双圆盾构机的净距 S 密切相关,随着 S 的减 小,附加荷载急剧增大;随着平行既有隧道轴线埋深的变化,在轴线位置处,双圆盾构机对平行既有隧道的附加荷载影响最大。 相似文献
9.
空心圆柱仪模拟列车荷载下土中应力路径能力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土体作为各向异性散粒体材料,其动力特性依赖于所处的应力路径。列车荷载下地基土在最大剪应力空间呈心形线旋转应力状态,但目前还未见室内试验中模拟心形线应力路径的相关研究。首先提出了土体动力响应解的简化拟合形式,并通过典型列车荷载作用下地基土所受应力特征分析验证了该简化形式的合理性。针对目前国际上已有的3类空心圆柱仪（HCA）,推导出模拟列车荷载下地基土应力特征的加载方式：（1）双向振动HCA可通过确定轴力和扭矩的应力形式来实现心形线应力路径加载,此时球应力p的变化规律与轴力的加载波形一致,中主应力系数b在内、外压相等时呈余弦变化规律;（2）三向振动HCA在模拟列车荷载下的应力特征时,可以保持p不变或b恒为0.5;（3）四向振动HCA能够通过控制轴力、扭矩和内、外压的共同变化来较全面地模拟列车荷载下土单元体的应力特征,并可实现b为任意合理值且保持不变的前提下p、q之间保持恒定线性关系。并推导了3类HCA的加载参数在正应力均以压应力为主及中主应力方向维持在直径方向时的约束条件。 相似文献
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矩形基础受垂直均布荷载作用下,地基土中任一点的附加应力虽然可以通过角点法和应力叠加原理求得,但是除了矩形角点下各点计算较容易外,其余的点计算均较繁琐;矩形基础受垂直三角形分布荷载作用下,矩形基底面积垂直投影范围内地基土中各点的附加应力虽然可以通过角点法和应力叠加原理求得,但是除基底荷载分布为零的边的角点下各点计算较容易外,其余的点计算都很繁琐,而矩形基底面积外的点则无法计算。本文通过推导得出两个公式,借助电脑,能很容易地计算矩形基础受垂直荷载作用下地基土中任意点的附加应力系数,并通过计算对比,验证了公式是正确的。 相似文献
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The construction of quasirectangular tunnels at shallow depths is becoming increasingly common in urban areas to efficiently utilize underground space and reduce the need for backfilling. To clarify the mechanical mechanism of the stresses and displacements around the tunnels, this study proposes analytical solutions that precisely account for quasirectangular tunnel shapes, the ground surface, the tunnel depth, and the ground's elastic/viscoelastic properties. The Schwarz alternating method combined with complex variable theory is employed to derive the elastic solution, and convergent and highly accurate solutions are obtained by superposing the solutions in the alternating iterations. Based on the solution and the extended corresponding principle for the viscoelastic problem, the time-dependent analytical solutions for the displacement are obtained for the ground assuming any viscoelastic model. The analytical solutions agree well with the finite element method (FEM) numerical results for models that are completely consistent, and qualitatively agree with field data. Furthermore, based on the stress solution combined with the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the predicted initial plastic zone and propagation directions around the tunnels are qualitatively consistent with those determined by the limit analysis. A parametric study is performed to investigate the influences of the rectangular/quasirectangular tunnel shape, burial depth, and supporting pressure on the ground stresses and displacements. 相似文献
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The Manh Vu Jean Sulem Didier Subrin Nathalie Monin 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(2):213-229
A semi-analytical solution based on the transfer matrix technique is proposed to analyze the stresses and displacements in a two-dimensional circular opening excavated in transversely isotropic formation with non-linear behavior. A non-isotropic far field can be accounted for and the process of excavation is simulated by progressive reduction of the internal radial stress. A hyperbolic stress–strain law is proposed to take into account the non-linear behavior of the rock. The model contains seven independent parameters corresponding to the five elastic constants of an elastic material with transverse isotropy and to the friction coefficient and cohesion along the parallel joints (weakness planes). This approach is based on the discretization of the space into concentric rings. It requires the establishment of elementary solutions corresponding to the stress and displacement fields inside each ring for given conditions at its boundaries. These solutions, based on complex variable theory, are obtained in the form of infinite series. The appropriate number of terms to be kept for acceptable approximation is discussed. This non-linear model is applied to back analyze the convergence measurements of Saint-Martin-la-Porte access gallery. Short-term and long-term ground parameters are evaluated. 相似文献
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为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。 相似文献
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An approximate analytical solution is presented for the coupled seepage and deformation problem of unsaturated soils. Because of the matric suction dependence of both saturation and permeability coefficient, the coupled governing equations are strongly nonlinear. To obtain an analytical solution, these coupled governing equations are linearized and analytically solved for a specified saturation using the eigenfunction method. Then, the obtained analytical solutions are extended to the entire saturation range. Comparison between the current solution and the previous theoretical solution indicates that the proposed solution yields excellent results. Due to its analytical nature, the proposed procedure can be effectively used to obtain the solution of the coupled seepage and deformation of unsaturated soils. 相似文献
15.
二维饱和多孔介质因点汇诱发比奥固结的解析解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
给出了有限二维饱和多孔介质因点汇诱发的Biot固结的一个解析解。其中假设多孔介质为均匀各向同性和线弹性,假设孔隙压力场符合第1类边界条件,数学模型采用可压缩多孔介质模型。利用傅里叶和拉普拉斯变换及相应反演获得了双重无穷项级数和形式的精确解。然后特别探讨了定流量点汇诱发的稳态解析解,并用文献现有解析解进行了验证。所提出的解析解适合于验证数值解,并可用于深入分析有限二维多孔介质的流-固耦合行为。 相似文献
16.
Y型桩桩端阻力产生附加应力的分析计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Y型沉管灌注桩截面形式复杂,截面几何特性存在4个独立控制变量、8个积分区间。Y型桩桩端均布荷载在地基内部任意点产生附加应力系数的解析表达式求解困难,目前尚无得出简单的解析表达式。借助数学分析软件Mathematica的NIntegrate数值积分功能,以及Geddes推导应力解的思想,得出了Y型桩桩端均布荷载作用在地基内部任意点竖向附加应力系数的数值计算方法,经校核有很高精度。分析了Y型截面4个独立变量外包圆半径R、模板弧度?、开弧间距s、夹角度数? 对附加应力系数的影响及采用Geddes应力解计算产生的误差。分析了随荷载作用面积变化、计算深度变化Y型、三角形、矩形、方形、圆形、圆环、H形、T形截面桩端均布荷载作用在地基内部时截面中心点下附加应力系数的差异及变化规律。将考虑Y型桩截面形状的附加应力计算方法应用于Y型桩单桩的沉降计算,计算结果与静载荷试验数据吻合较好。 相似文献
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Existing solutions for analyzing one-dimensional (1-D) consolidation of unsaturated soil are only derived to cater to two extreme drainage conditions (fully drained and undrained). This study presents a new explicit solution for 1-D consolidation of unsaturated soil with semi-permeable drainage boundary. Based on the assumptions of two independent stress variables and the governing equations proposed by Fredlund, the eigenfunction expansion method is adopted to develop an explicit analytical solution to calculate excess pore-water and pore-air pressures in an unsaturated soil when it is subjected to external loads. The developed general solutions are expressed in terms of depth, z, and time, t. For the semi-permeable drainage boundary, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in the space domain are developed. The technique of Laplace transform is used to solve the coupled ordinary differential equations in the time domain. The newly derived explicit solution is verified with the existing semi-analytical method in the literature, and an excellent agreement is obtained. Compared with the semi-analytical solution, the newly derived analytical solution is more straightforward and explicit so that this solution is relatively easier to be implemented into a computer program to carry out a preliminary assessment of 1-D consolidation of unsaturated soil. 相似文献
18.
Development of a probabilistic approach for rock wedge failure 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
For rock slope engineering, uncertainty and variability are inherent in data collected on orientation and strength of discontinuities, yielding a range of results. Unfortunately, conventional deterministic analysis based on the factor of safety concept, requires a fixed representative value for each parameter without regard to the degree of uncertainty involved. Therefore, the deterministic analysis fails to properly represent uncertainty and variability, so common in engineering geology studies. To overcome this shortcoming, the probabilistic analysis method was proposed and used for more than a decade in rock slope stability analysis. However, most probabilistic analyses included a deterministic model as part of the analysis procedure causing subsequent problems, which went uncorrected. The objectives of this paper are to develop a solution for these difficulties in probabilistic analyses and to propose an appropriate simulation procedure for the probabilistic analysis of rock wedge failures. As part of the solution, probability of kinematic instability and probability of kinetic instability are evaluated separately to provide a proper, combined evaluation for failure probability. To evaluate the feasibility of this new probabilistic approach, the procedure is applied to a practical example, a major, highway rock cut in North Carolina, USA. Results of the probabilistic approach are compared to those of the deterministic analysis; findings are significantly different, indicating that the deterministic analysis does not depict rock slope variations, particularly where significant scatter in parameter data occurs. 相似文献
19.
Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method has been widely used in probabilistic analysis of slope stability, and it provides a robust and simple way to assess failure probability. However, MCS method does not offer insight into the relative contributions of various uncertainties (e.g., inherent spatial variability of soil properties and subsurface stratigraphy) to the failure probability and suffers from a lack of resolution and efficiency at small probability levels. This paper develop a probabilistic failure analysis approach that makes use of the failure samples generated in the MCS and analyzes these failure samples to assess the effects of various uncertainties on slope failure probability. The approach contains two major components: hypothesis tests for prioritizing effects of various uncertainties and Bayesian analysis for further quantifying their effects. Equations are derived for the hypothesis tests and Bayesian analysis. The probabilistic failure analysis requires a large number of failure samples in MCS, and an advanced Monte Carlo Simulation called Subset Simulation is employed to improve efficiency of generating failure samples in MCS. As an illustration, the proposed probabilistic failure analysis approach is applied to study a design scenario of James Bay Dyke. The hypothesis tests show that the uncertainty of undrained shear strength of lacustrine clay has the most significant effect on the slope failure probability, while the uncertainty of the clay crust thickness contributes the least. The effect of the former is then further quantified by a Bayesian analysis. Both hypothesis test results and Bayesian analysis results are validated against independent sensitivity studies. It is shown that probabilistic failure analysis provides results that are equivalent to those from additional sensitivity studies, but it has the advantage of avoiding additional computational times and efforts for repeated runs of MCS in sensitivity studies. 相似文献
20.
Dae S. Young 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(6):481-501
Indicator kriging (IK) is extended to analyze three-dimensional random unit vectors and evaluate the local probability distribution of rock joint orientations in geological formations. The pole vector representing joint orientations is regionalized and projected on a plane normal to the mean attitude of the joint family and centered at the mean. A two-dimensional cutoff system is developed to define the indicator variable, and corresponding indicator variograms and indicator kriging. The cutoff system defines probability regions similar to those of a bivariate distribution, concentric rings sliced into radial sectors. A case study made on an open pit mine proved positively the efficiency of IK and encourages its applications to localized probabilistic structural modeling for geotechnical or geohydrological analysis and oil and gas reservoir analysis. 相似文献