共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
多瑙河中游盆地黄土和其它陆相层序 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章叙述了多瑙河中游盆地的第四系黄土与古土壤层序。一般第四纪下降盆地的黄土、砂及古土壤层的层序两倍于抬升的黄土高原及山坡部位所见到的数量，因此能划分得更详细。利用盆地中划分的层序重建的古气候特征可以表征大小不同的区域性差别，同样亦可揭示不同时代的差异。根据冷黄土、埋藏溪流、河阶地等的位置，亦可根据不同古生物的指示，可获得某些气候类型（旱冷的、湿冷的）的重要信息。应用米兰柯维奇曲线根据岩性地层学的研究重建了过去事件的新时间表 相似文献
2.
第四纪科学与旧石器考古学关系非常密切。在中国北方,旧石器文化的很多遗迹都出现在黄土分布区。中国旧石器考古的开始阶段,黄土研究与旧石器考古研究联系紧密,共同发展。半个多世纪以来,中国的黄土研究在原有基础上取得了新的突破。怎样将已有的黄土研究成果为旧石器考古所用?文章通过对河南织机洞和内蒙古大窑两个旧石器考古地点的案例分析,讨论怎样利用黄土研究的最新成果确定旧石器考古遗址地层层位及年代问题;建议旧石器考古学家应该密切关注第四纪科学的发展,并提倡旧石器考古与地学学科更高层次的交流与合作。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
Most data about fossil cryogenic phenomena relates to the Late Pleistocene, slightly less to the Middle Pleistocene. In this time interval continental icesheets were less extended than earlier, permafrost zones spread in most regions, however. Thus the presence of a particular cryogenic phase within the Pleistocene was established (Velichko 1973). This is connected with the strongest cooling periods during the Quaternary. Study of past cryogenic features has a practical side as well. Extant landforms on loess areas often may only be explained with active cryogenic processes preceding loess deposition. 相似文献
6.
洛川黄土序列时间标尺的初步建立 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对厚１４０ｍ的洛川坡头黄土剖面黄土层以５ｃｍ，古土壤层以３ｃｍ系统采样，全部样品进行了室内磁化率测量。以黄土序列磁化率变化作为古季风气候变化的代用指标，根据第四纪冰期的Ｍｉｌａｎｋｏｖｉｔｃｈ理论，利用轨道调缠绵的方法初步建立了洛川黄支的时间标尺。通过古地磁场倒转时间的检验以及与宝鸡黄土序列时间标尺对比，表明本文所论述的时间标尺适用于该地区古环境演化的研究。 相似文献
7.
黄土高原第四纪粉尘沉积速率的时空变化及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文系统地计算了黄土高原洛川、西峰、宝鸡、西安刘家坡、兰州九洲台、西宁大墩岭黄土剖面的粉尘沉积速率,发现粉尘沉积速率除随冰期、间冰期具有明显波动外,还呈现时间上由老向新的阶段性升高,空间上由西北向东南降低的总体趋势。第四纪以来,黄土高原粉尘沉积速率出现了几次异常增高的时期,它们与青藏高原隆起时段相吻合。距今约70万年,该区冬季风出现重大调整,冬季风风力明显的逐步增强,风向偏转到NW方向。粉尘沉积速率可作为我国冬季风强弱变化的较好指标。 相似文献
8.
9.
Quaternary Volcanic Activities in Shandong Peninsula and Northern Parts of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Quaternary volcanic rocks often coexist with loess,as observed in the same geologic sections in the Shandong Peninsula and northern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.The development age of Shandong loess in close to that in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Loess strata are of synchronous implication in the loess belt of North China.So the ages of volcanic activities can be es-timated approximately from the stratigraphic relations between loess layers and volcanic rocks.The re-sults of dating of the Quaternary volcanic rocks,baked layers and the TL dates of loess samples sug-gest that the Quaternary volcanic activity can be divided into 4 stages in the region studied,with the ages being 1.15-1.03,0.86-0.72,0.55-0.33 and 0.02 Ma B.P.respectively .The occurrence of tephra in the Shandong loess sections is possible due to multiple episodes of volcanism during the Quaternary time. 相似文献
10.
11.
黄土高原全新世黄土-古土壤演替及气候演变的再研讨 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
文章从黄土-古土壤的演替规律、黄土再沉积与古土壤埋藏后的次生成壤特殊性,揭示了第四纪生物气候演变的实质。对黄土高原具代表性的现代耕种土壤壤土和黑垆土的研究,揭示了土壤剖面内伏形成环境较现代暖湿的古土壤层;对于土壤剖面上部的覆盖层,证实不仅是人为施加土粪的堆积物,且包含新的黄土沉积物;从土壤发生学观点,埃土与黑垆土称之耕种埋藏型古土壤较合适;通过分辨古土壤剖面层内干旱草原和暖湿型森林植被孢粉共存的矛盾实质,证实黄土高原全新世曾存在茂密的森林和森林草原植被及森林型土壤的发育,并延续到人类历史时期。在第四纪研究中,通常把黑垆土作为全新世代表地层,以S0表示,我们的研究补充提出,根据黄土高原生物气候地带性的分异规律,自南而北,S0应以埃土与黑垆土分别表示,并应在S0层上部划分出Lx,说明气候冷干化的趋向及新一轮黄土沉积期已悄然来临。以上问题的再研讨,对第四纪生态环境演变和当前黄土高原生态环境建设的战略部署,具有重要的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
12.
陈骏 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(5):433-446
简要评述了20世纪亚洲风尘沉积地球化学研究的主要成果,总结了新世纪以来亚洲风尘沉积地球化学在研究内容、方法、时间尺度及年代学方面的主要进展.较详细概述了最近十余年风尘沉积物在环境与气候替代性指标研究方面获得的新成果,并从矿物特征、元素地球化学、同位素和单矿物地球化学指标方面示踪风尘沉积物源研究进行了总结.指出亚洲风尘地球化学研究应在空间上从黄土-沙漠区向中亚内陆、西北太平洋扩展;在时间上拓展到中新世以来的风尘沉积;方法上应结合大气环流、地貌过程等,进行综合分析,并开拓新的测试手段.此外,应加强现代风尘过程的研究.亚洲风尘与风尘沉积地球化学研究的目的是解决风尘的产生、搬运和沉积的地球化学过程与环境变迁. 相似文献
13.
《Earth》2007,80(1-2):111-136
Numerous authors have utilised physical properties of Chinese loess and red clay deposits to develop apparently detailed and continuous past climate records from the Miocene into the Holocene. Many of these studies have further suggested that the principal climatic agent responsible for the aeolian emplacement and diagenesis of Chinese loess, the East Asian Monsoon, has fluctuated rapidly on millennial to sub-millennial timescales, in concert with dramatic changes in the North Atlantic (Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events) and the Western Pacific (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Much of this evidence is based on reconstructions and age models that are tied to assumptions concerning the nature of loess sedimentation and diagenesis, for example, the belief that loess sedimentation can be viewed as essentially continuous. Some authors have however, cast doubt on these assumptions and suggest that the application of radiometric techniques may be required to determine their validity. Recent studies utilising Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) methods have reinforced these doubts and here, OSL dates obtained at 10 cm intervals from three sites along a transect across the Chinese Loess Plateau have been used, in combination with climate proxy evidence, to test the existing assumptions that underpin many palaeoclimatic reconstructions from loess. In this way, the first time-continuous and independently dated late Quaternary climate reconstruction is developed from loess. The data indicate that sedimentation is episodic and that once emplaced, loess is prone to pedogenic disturbance, diagenetic modification and in some cases erosion. The relationships between proxies and sedimentation rates are also assessed and climatic interpretations based on different age models compared. The implications of these findings for reconstructions of climate from loess are explored and comparisons are made between the developed palaeoclimate records and evidence from ice and ocean cores. This exercise also highlights important information concerning the relative influence of forcing mechanisms behind East Asian Monsoon change over the late Quaternary. 相似文献
14.
NICOLAS J. RAWLENCE DAVID J. LOWE JAMIE R. WOOD JENNIFER M. YOUNG G. JOCK CHURCHMAN YU‐TUAN HUANG ALAN COOPER 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(7):610-626
Palaeoenvironmental DNA (PalEnDNA) is defined as ancient DNA (aDNA) originating from disseminated genetic material within palaeoenvironmental samples. Sources of PalEnDNA include marine and lake sediments, peat, loess, till, ice, permafrost, palaeosols, coprolites, preserved gut contents, dental calculus, tephras, and soils as well as deposits in caves/rockshelters and at archaeological sites. PalEnDNA analysis provides a relatively new tool for Quaternary and archaeological sciences and its applications have included palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary reconstructions, testing hypotheses regarding megafaunal extinctions, human–environment interactions, taxonomic studies, and studies of DNA damage. Because PalEnDNA samples comprise markedly different materials, and represent wide‐ranging depositional and taphonomic contexts, various issues must be addressed to achieve robust, reproducible findings. Such issues include climatic and temporal limitations, the biological origin and state (free versus bound) of PalEnDNA, stratigraphic reliability, sterile sampling, ability to distinguish modern from aDNA signals, DNA damage and PCR amplification, DNA extraction methods, and taxonomic resolution. In this review, we provide a non‐specialist introduction to the use of PalEnDNA for Quaternary and archaeological researchers, assess attributes and limitations of this palaeoenvironmental tool, and discuss future prospects of using PalEnDNA to reconstruct past environments. 相似文献
15.
宇宙成因核素10Be示踪古地磁场的研究在海洋和冰芯研究中得到了广泛应用,然而受黄土来源及沉降过程的复杂性制约,运用中国黄土10Be示踪古地磁场变化的研究直到近年来才取得突破进展.综述了黄土10Be的研究现状并指出将其应用于地磁场示踪研究存在的关键问题,重点介绍了为分离黄土10Be浓度记录所包含的气候因素和地磁场影响因素而建立的LGM分离方法、剩磁矫顽力估算模型方法和"平均值概念"方法.各种创新数理方法的建立基本解决了黄土10Be示踪古地磁场的科学难题,使黄土10Be示踪古地磁场变化研究成为可能. 相似文献
16.
黄土物源研究对揭示第四纪以来东亚大气环流格局的演化和构造—气候之间的相互作用具有重要意义。目前已应用多种物源示踪方法对黄土物源开展了大量研究,但对黄土物源时空差异规律及其动力学机制尚未取得较为一致的认识。在综合分析黄土物源研究现状的基础上,重点从影响87Sr/86Sr值和 143Nd/144Nd 值组成及单颗粒碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱构成的因素角度,分析了第四纪黄土的物源及可能变化,获得以下认识: (1)第四纪黄土沉积物的87Sr/86Sr值变化幅度可达0.002 580~0.004 949,远远超出实验室分析测试误差(<0.000 018)或由Sr同位素衰变带来的影响(2.6 Ma时段小于0.000 026,1个冰期旋回小于0.000 001); 143Nd/144Nd 值亦发生了较显著变化(0.000 095~0.000 240),其变化幅度远大于实验室的分析测试误差(<0.000 010)及衰变导致的 143Nd/144Nd 值(<0.000 013)变化。因此,在黄土中检测到的Sr-Nd同位素组成的变化应具有较明确的地质意义。(2)第四纪黄土沉积物中无论全岩还是主要粒径组分的87Sr/86Sr值和 143Nd/144Nd 值的变化都与气候代用指标变化不同步,难以从气候变化角度进行解释,可能更多地反映了源区的变化。(3)与Sr-Nd同位素示踪体系相比,单矿物或单颗粒的物源示踪体系对物源区变化的响应更为敏感,在追踪第四纪黄土沉积物源区时空差异方面具有较明显的优势。(4)基于碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱对黄土物源的有限研究揭示黄土高原的黄土在地质历史时期可能发生了原始物源区显著的时空分异,特别是不同剖面都反映出了1.2 Ma前后黄土主要源区的变化,表明通过锆石U-Pb年龄谱研究黄土物源时空差异规律具有揭示岩石圈、大气圈、水圈耦合作用过程及历史的巨大潜力。 相似文献
17.
《Earth》2006,74(3-4):309-316
Loesses form wide belts in front of previously glaciated areas. Their thicknesses may be considerable, changing in Eurasia from maximally a few metres in the west to a hundred metres or more in the east. The Eastern (particularly Chinese) loesses are mostly unrelated to glaciations. The periglacial loesses from China and elsewhere predominantly date from the last Pleistocene glaciation: relatively few comparable occurrences are known from earlier Quaternary glaciations. As it is difficult to imagine that the conditions in front of the land-ice masses during the earlier glaciations differed fundamentally from those of the last one, considerable quantities of loess must have disappeared. This disappearance, which is commonly ascribed to fluvial and eolian erosion, is not easily explained as equivalent deposits that may have the older loesses as a source, are practically absent. A possible explanation might be that loess is recycled during successive glaciations. Some loess disappears during interglacials by erosion, but this quantity is more than compensated by the formation of new silt particles. The implication would be that the loess deposits increase in volume for each new glaciation. 相似文献
18.
关于全球变化研究的几个问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
第四纪地质工作者面临全球变化研究的形势,应主动调整自身的研究战略,注重最近0.15Ma环境信息的提取,加强地质过程的研究,重视人类活动对环境的影响,强调模型的模拟和检验。 相似文献
19.
Genetically meaningful decomposition (unmixing) of sediment grain-size distributions is accomplished with the end-member modelling algorithm. Unmixing of the loess grain-size distributions of a Late Quaternary loess–palaeosol succession from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau indicates that the loess is a mixture of three end-members representing very fine sandy, coarse silty and medium silty loess. The unmixing approach potentially enables the unravelling of sediment fluxes from multiple dust sources, opening the way to significant advances in palaeoclimatic reconstructions from loess grain-size distribution data. However, as laser-diffraction size analysis is a volume-based technique, the proportional contributions of the modelled end-members might deviate (significantly) from weight proportions. Hence, calibration of the end-member volume proportions to weight proportions must be established before one can calculate the source-specific dust fluxes. This paper reports the findings of a sediment-mixing experiment which enables calibration of the modelled mixing patterns established for the Tibetan loess–palaeosol succession. 相似文献