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1.
The Taipinghu Bridge is an important project, and the safety of rock masses of its foundation is very crucial. This article analyzes the potential causes of the deformation of the rock masses of the bridge foundation, and uses the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua to analyze the geologic model. The simulating process shows that no mater in the excavating process or in the loading process the rock masses are suit for the engineering. The modeling and analyzing process can be used for reference. 相似文献
2.
Acid-producing phase reactor of two-phase anaerobic treatment process has remarkable advantages treating sulfate-laden wastewater．In order to investigate SRB population＇s capability of utilizing substrate and the microbial acidification type formed during the course of sulfate reduction，continuous-flow and batch tests were conducted in a continuous stirred tank bio-film reactor supplied with sodium sulfate as electron acceptor．The experimental results demonstrated that the acidification type formed by acidogenic bacteria（AB）population was ethanol-type fermentation，but an Acetic Acid Type Microbial Metabolism was formed by the whole community based on the proportion of acetic acid to terminal products． SRB population＇s capability of utilizing substrate showed an order of hydrogen＞ethanol＞lactic acid ＞propionate acid＞butyric acid＞acetic acid．Although volatile fatty acids utilized SRB（FSRB） easily converted ethanol and lactic acid into acetic acid，acetic acid-utilized SRB（ASRB）could hardly utilize acetic acid further，which resulted inacetic acid accumulation in terminal liquid products．Moreover，ASRB could not win the competition against FSRB．A criterion was presented to explain the formation of an Acetic Acid Type Microbial etabolism． 相似文献
3.
Acid-producing phase reactor of two-phase anaerobic treatment process has remarkable advantages treating sulfate-laden wastewater. In order to investigate SRB population‘s capability of utilizing substrate and the microbial acidification type formed during the course of sulfate reduction, continuous-flow and batch tests were conducted in a continuous stirred tank bio-film reactor supplied with sodium sulfate as electron acceptor. The experimental results demonstrated that the acidification type formed b... 相似文献
4.
《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(1):F0003-F0003
Journal of China University of Geosciences (ISSN 1002 -0705 CN42-1279/P) is a geological magazine published quarterly in English by this university. The journal is designed for the dissemination of information on all branches of geology and associated technology in the exploration and utilization of earth resources. 相似文献
5.
￣（137）Cs及￣（210）Pb＿（ex）方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
￣（１３７）Ｃ及￣（２１０）Ｐｂ＿（ｅｘ）方法广泛应用于湖泊现代沉积计年。不扰动沉积物柱心的采样和高精度的分样装置是获取准确计年结果的前提。沉积物剖面中１９７５年层节￣（１３７）Ｃｓ次级峰值可作为辅助计年时标；沉积物中绝大部分￣（１３７）Ｃｓ处于稳定态保证了￣（１３７）Ｃｓ计年时标的可靠性。季节性滞水带缺氧湖泊中￣（２１０）Ｐｂ沉积后再迁移可能导致￣（２１０）Ｐｂ＿（ｅｘ）计年结果偏低。沉积物早期成岩过程中，铅化学相的转移提供了铅扩散迁移的地球化学条件；Ｐｂ－Ｐｏ的扩散机理分别受Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ循环控制。 相似文献
6.
用一系列试验评价废水中DOM（溶解性有机物）的微生物降解的潜力。废水样从Haifa废水处理站和Qishon水库采集，以2-4个月为一个周期，或者用废水或者用土壤微生物对水样进行培养，其特征用溶解性有机碳含量（DOC）、UV254吸光率和激发荧光-辐射基质表示。根据腐殖质／棕黄酸成分和似蛋白质结构，确定了三个主要的荧光峰值。在生物降解过程中，不同程度地增加了三个特殊荧光峰值，本文建议选择非发光成分。在一些实例中，发现一些废水中的荧光物增加，因而提出（1）生成新的与DOM生物降解有关的荧光物质和（2）降解某些有能力抑制DOM荧光物的有机物。根据荧光物强度和UV254的比值，描述了比其他UV吸收成分发光的DOM成分的不同的生物降解动态。总而言之，大约一半的总的DOM很容易降解，剩余的DOM的浓度在8．10毫克／升之间。灌溉土壤的废水中残留的DOM浓度的升高可能有助于地下水中污染物的DOM的聚集。 相似文献
7.
综述了由最初的普通钢筋混凝土抗拔（浮）桩发展到预应力抗拔（浮）桩的历程；总结了对于抗拔桩性能研究的3种方法：现场试验、模型试验和理论分析法。在此基础上为了降低成本，方便施工，环保高效，提出了一种新型的预应力抗拔（浮）桩，即部分粘接预应力抗拔（浮）桩，这将是预应力抗拔（浮）桩一个有意义的发展方向。 相似文献
8.
“3S”技术整合在区域地质调查研究中的应用初探 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
简要阐述了遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）在区域地质调查研究中的应用现状及其整合化趋势。“３Ｓ”技术为区调研究提供了新的潜力巨大的技术支持；着重从“３Ｓ”技术整合的角度，探讨了它在我国第二代区调填图中的基本应用模式以及实施中的有关问题。 相似文献
9.
本文详细报告了水介质中多金属海水矿瘤吸附砷（Ⅲ）和砷（Ⅴ）的研究结果。海水矿瘤的元素成分主要由铁、锰、硅（含有微量铝）、铜、钴和镍。海水矿瘤对砷（Ⅴ）的吸附取决于水介质的pH值，而砷（Ⅲ）的吸附不受水介质pH值的影响。砷吸附数据大体上符合兰米尔（Langmuir）等温线。砷（Ⅲ）和砷（Ⅴ）的动力学数据满足一种假定的二级动力学模型。海水矿瘤去除砷的效果取决于砷的初始浓度。当水介质中砷（Ⅲ）的初始浓度为0．34mg／L或砷（Ⅴ）的初始浓度为0．78mg／L时，海水矿瘤的最佳剂量为0．74mg／g。砷（Ⅲ）的吸附一般取决于离子环境。除PO4^3-以外，砷（Ⅲ）的吸附不受阴离子的影响，但受阳离子的影响显著。另一方面，砷（Ⅴ）的吸附受阴离子的影响显著，但不受阳离子的影响。试验结果表明，海水矿瘤吸附的砷（Ⅲ）主要为内部结核复合物，而吸附的砷（Ⅴ）为部分内部结核和部分外部结核复合物。当水介质的pH值为2-10时，吸附的砷（Ⅲ）和砷（Ⅴ）的解吸附较小。当水介质的pH值为6或更高时，海水矿瘤能被用于吸附地下水中的砷（Ⅲ）和砷（Ⅴ）物种。海水矿瘤被成功地用于去除采于印度西孟加拉邦的6种受砷污染地下水样中的砷（6种地下水样中砷的浓度范围为0．04-0．18mg／L）。 相似文献
10.
11.
Taking insight into genetic mechanisms of coalbed methane (CBM) can provide an effective approach for evaluating the value of CBM resources. In this study, the geo-temperature and the thermal subsidence history were used to investigate the effect of the present geothermal field characteristic on the genetic mechanisms of CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield. The results showed that the Permian coal strata in the study areas had a relatively low geo-temperature (< 50°C), high vitrinite reflectance (Ro,max; 0.75%-1.2%) and a coal rank typical of intermediate-high metamorphic bituminous. Comprehensive analyses of the characteristics of the present geothermal field indicate that the CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield are dominated by secondary biogenic gases. Furthermore, the genetic mechanism towards CBM was further proposed based on the tectonic evolution history: (1) Tectonic thrusting contributed to Ro,max values ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%, with maximum geo-temperatures of 140–180°C, which resulted in the generation of thermogenic CBM. (2) An extensional regime contributed to gradual uplift of the Permian coal-bearing strata, with the gradual escape of CBM at burial depths greater than 700m. (3) A large number of faults and hydrodynamic environments greatly promoted the microbial degradation of the early thermogenic gases, resulting in generation of secondary biogenic gases. 相似文献
12.
淮南煤田煤层气成藏动力学系统的机制与地质模型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
淮南煤田由次生生物成因和热成因气组成的混合型煤层气藏,受各种地质和水文地质条件的影响和控制。本文通过热流场和地温场、古构造应力场和原地应力场以及地下水动力场的系统分析,探讨了煤层气成藏动力学系统的形成机制,进而提出了相应的成藏地质模型。淮南煤田的煤层气藏虽然属向斜式(或盆心)聚气模型,但是,该模型强调,作为附加气源的次生生物气的补充,成藏动力学系统演化、构造样式和能量场的耦合关系,是混合型煤层气富集成藏的主因。 相似文献
13.
Gerben Van Ranst Antônio Carlos Pedrosa-Soares Tiago Novo Pieter Vermeesch Johan De Grave 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):303-324
The South Atlantic passive margin along the south-eastern Brazilian highlands exhibits a complex landscape,including a northern inselberg area and a southern elevated plateau,separated by the Doce River valley.This landscape is set on the Proterozoic to early Paleozoic rocks of the region that once was the hot core of the Aracuai orogen,in Ediacaran to Ordovician times.Due to the break-up of Gondwana and consequently the opening of the South Atlantic during the Early Cretaceous,those rocks of the Araquai orogen became the basement of a portion of the South Atlantic passive margin and related southeastern Brazilian highlands.Our goal is to provide a new set of constraints on the thermo-tectonic history of this portion of the south-eastern Brazilian margin and related surface processes,and to provide a hypothesis on the geodynamic context since break-up.To this end,we combine the apatite fission track(AFT)and apatite(U-Th)/He(AHe)methods as input for inverse thermal history modelling.All our AFT and AHe central ages are Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene.The AFT ages vary between 62 Ma and90 Ma,with mean track lengths between 12.2μm and 13.6μm.AHe ages are found to be equivalent to AFT ages within uncertainty,albeit with the former exhibiting a lesser degree of confidence.We relate this Late Cretaceous-Paleocene basement cooling to uplift with accelerated denudation at this time.Spatial variation of the denudation time can be linked to differential reactivation of the Precambrian structural network and differential erosion due to a complex interplay with the drainage system.We argue that posterior large-scale sedimentation in the offshore basins may be a result of flexural isostasy combined with an expansion of the drainage network.We put forward the combined compression of the Mid-Atlantic ridge and the Peruvian phase of the Andean orogeny,potentially augmented through the thermal weakening of the lower crust by the Trindade thermal anomaly,as a probable cause for the uplift. 相似文献
14.
Yi Yan Xiaoqiong Hu Ge Lin Weiliang Liu Zhengjiang Song 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(4):541-551
Detrital zircon and apatite fission track (ZFT and AFT) data of the sandstones collected from the Liaoxi basins served as
a significant probe to study the Meso-Cenozoic thermo-tectonic reactivation events in the northern margin of the North China
Craton. All sandstones show wide ZFT and AFT age spectrum and most of ZFT and AFT ages are younger than depositional age of
respective host rocks, which suggest widespread track resetting of the host rocks in the Liaoxi basins after deposition. This
hot geothermal status in the Liaoxi basins deduced from ZFT and AFT data is temporal consistent with the lithospheric evolution
of the North China Craton, which implies that the lithosphere under the northern margin of the North China Craton underwent
similar thermo-tectonic destruction process as the intracratonic Bohai Sea. The young ZFT peak age, which ranges from ∼50
Ma to 20 Ma, to some extend, provides a temporal constraint on the time that lithosphere significantly thinned and following
reverse of the Liaoxi basins and uplift of the eastern part of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt. Exhumation of 1.5–2 km can be estimated
in the eastern part of the Yan-Liao Orogenic Belt since ∼30 Ma to 10 Ma. 相似文献
15.
通过对库车河剖面14个样品磷灰石裂变径迹的测试, 研究了库车盆地及其源区的构造演化.根据表观年龄和地层年龄关系, 将结果分成8个退火样品和6个碎屑样品.退火样品年龄从北向南从136~93.7 Ma, 记录了构造发育自造山带向盆地扩展的运动样式.其中09dk-6, 09dk-7, 09dk-8和09dk-11未通过X2检验, 分析认为与后期构造活动有关, 分解得到最年轻的年龄组记录了库如力向斜, 捷斯德里克背斜和阿合断层分别在74.4 Ma、24.2 Ma和50.8 Ma的最新一期活动.碎屑磷灰石得到了250 Ma、160 Ma和100 Ma3个明显的静态峰.结合热模拟研究表明, 研究区存在250 Ma、160 Ma、100 Ma和20 Ma四期构造隆升, 是对亚洲南缘多期地体碰撞增生的响应. 相似文献
16.
Yves Missenard Omar Saddiqi Jocelyn Barbarand Pascale Leturmy Geoffrey Ruiz Fatima‐Zahra El Haimer Dominique Frizon de Lamotte 《地学学报》2008,20(3):221-228
In North Africa, the High Atlas belt culminates at more than 4000 m. In Morocco, recent work shows that a lithospheric thinning explains about 1000 m of the mean topography, the remaining topography being related to crustal shortening. We combine regional geology with new apatite fission‐track (AFT) ages to constrain the timing of these events in the Marrakech High Atlas (MHA). In the inner belt, 10 AFT ages are comprised between 9 ± 1 and 27 ± 3 Ma. These Neogene ages indicate that the MHA underwent significant denudation during that time. In the southern foreland domain of the belt, three samples give scattered AFT ages between 27 ± 2 and 87 ±5 Ma. Geological evidences allow us to constrain the age of a major denudation event during Middle Miocene age. We propose that it is linked to the thermal doming highlighted in the whole Moroccan Atlas domain. 相似文献
17.
R. W. Grobe J. Alvarez-Marrón U. A. Glasmacher F. M. Stuart 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(2):539-561
Apatite fission-track (AFT) and (U+Th)/He (AHe) data, combined with time–temperature inverse modelling, reveal the cooling and exhumation history of the Iberian Massif in eastern Galicia since the Mesozoic. The continuous cooling at various rates correlates with variation of tectonic boundary conditions in the adjacent continental margins. The data provide constraints on the 107 timescale longevity of a relict paleolandscape. AFT ages range from 68 to 174 Ma with mean track lengths of 10.7 ± 2.6 to 12.6 ± 1.8 μm, and AHe ages range from 73 to 147 Ma. Fastest exhumation (≈0.25 km/Ma) occurred during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous main episode of rifting in the adjacent western and northern margins. Exhumation rates have decreased since then and have been approximately one order of magnitude lower. Across inland Galicia, the AFT data are consistent with Early Cretaceous movement on post-Variscan NE trending faults. This is coeval with an extensional episode offshore. The AHe data in this region indicate less than 1.7 km of denudation in the last 100 Ma. This low exhumation suggests the attainment of a mature landscape during Late Cretaceous post-rift tectonic stability, whose remains are still preserved. The low and steady rate of denudation prevailed across inland Galicia despite minor N–S shortening in the northern margin since ≈45 Ma ago. In north Galicia, rock uplift in response to NW strike-slip faulting since Early Oligocene to Early Miocene has caused insufficient exhumation (<3 km) to remove the Mesozoic cooling signal recorded by the AFT data. 相似文献
18.
Jinbao Su Shuwen Dong Yueqiao Zhang Yong Li Xuanhua Chen Jianhua Li 《International Geology Review》2017,59(8):981-995
The Shi-Hang Belt is a Mesozoic tectonic zone and has always been regarded as the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. It occupies a key tectonic location and attracts considerable attention due to its dynamic formation mechanism. However, its Cenozoic dynamic process is poorly constrained. The Cenozoic activation of the Shi-Hang Belt, as well as its cooling and exhumation, aids in dating the onset time of the formation of the mountain ranges and reveals the deformation process of the South China Block. To uncover the history of its Cenozoic cooling and denudation, apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology was applied to batholiths and strata spread across the Shi-Hang Belt in the Hunan Province. Twenty-three samples are dated with ages ranging from 23.6 ± 1.5 to 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma. Except for two older ages (42.1 ± 2.6 and 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma), the other ages range from 23 to 36 Ma with less variation on both sides of the Chenzhou–Linwu fault. The thermochronological modelling of 15 measured samples demonstrates that rocks rapidly passed through the AFT partial annealing zone to the near surface at different onset times from 36 to 23 Ma. The regional AFT cooling pattern is unrelated to the internal structures of the Shi-Hang Belt characterized by a Mesozoic fold-thrust feature. We attribute the Cenozoic exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt to the dynamic topography of the South China Block, which is related to mantle downwellings and upwellings due to several episodes of quick subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath Eurasia during the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic and the Oligocene–early Miocene. The far-field effect of the India–Tibet collision may have contributed to the exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt. 相似文献
19.
Thermal and exhumation history of the central Rwenzori Mountains, Western Rift of the East African Rift System, Uganda 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
F. U. Bauer U. A. Glasmacher U. Ring A. Schumann B. Nagudi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(7):1575-1597
The Rwenzori Mountains (Mtns) in west Uganda are the highest rift mountains on Earth and rise to more than 5,000 m. We apply
low-temperature thermochronology (apatite fission-track (AFT) and apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) analysis) for tracking the cooling
history of the Rwenzori Mtns. Samples from the central and northern Rwenzoris reveal AFT ages between 195.0 (±8.4) Ma and
85.3 (±5.3) Ma, and AHe ages between 210.0 (±6.0) Ma to 24.9 (±0.5) Ma. Modelled time–temperature paths reflect a protracted
cooling history with accelerated cooling in Permo-Triassic and Jurassic times, followed by a long period of constant and slow
cooling, than succeeded by a renewed accelerated cooling in the Neogene. During the last 10 Ma, differentiated erosion and
surface uplift affected the Rwenzori Mtns, with more pronounced uplift along the western flank. The final rock uplift of the
Rwenzori Mtns that partly led to the formation of the recent topography must have been fast and in the near past (Pliocene
to Pleistocene). Erosion could not compensate for the latest rock uplift, resulting in Oligocene to Miocene AHe ages. 相似文献
20.
南黄海中部隆起自印支期以来经历显著的构造隆升及剥蚀过程.基于大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井的钻井岩心,应用磷灰石裂变径迹技术研究了南黄海中部隆起晚白垩世以来的剥蚀过程及响应特征.所获得的8个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄显示出两个年龄组,除单个样品为38±3 Ma外,其余样品都集中在（52±4）~（65±5）Ma范围内,基本反映了同一期构造热事件年龄,并且均远小于样品所处的二叠纪年龄,表明样品完全退火并记录了晚白垩世以来的热历史.样品热史模拟结果表明,基于泥岩镜质体反射率计算的最高古地温处于样品退火带温区范围内,各样品从晚白垩世早期（约100 Ma）以来经历持续的降温过程,在约80~75 Ma开始进入部分退火带.南黄海中部隆起第一期快速冷却降温过程出现在晚白垩世末期,并持续至古新世早期,随后进入古近纪表现为持续相对缓慢的降温过程,降温幅度约30 ℃,渐新世末期到中新世早期存在另一期快速冷却过程.热史模拟结果较好地指示了南黄海中部隆起晚白垩世以来的地层剥蚀响应特征. 相似文献