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1.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(3):329-337
The Oder river drains a highly polluted industrial area and enters the Baltic Sea through a system of shallow lagoons. Surficial sediments in the discharge area of the Oder are highly enriched in heavy metals compared to their preindustrial background levels. Pore-water studies in short sediment cores reveal anoxic environments over the entire sediment column, except for a suboxic layer in the uppermost 5 to 20 mm of the sediment where Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxides are reduced by organic matter. Heavy metals (such as Cu, Zn and Pb) are mobilized within the suboxic zones in the inner lagoon (represented by the Oder Lagoon) and in the open Baltic (represented by the Arkona Basin). The Achterwasser, located between the Oder Lagoon and the Arkona Basin, is directly affected by sea-level fluctuations in the Baltic. Pore-water studies indicate that, in contrast to the situation in the Oder Lagoon and Arkona Basin, surficial sediments of the Achterwasser represent a sink for heavy metals. This is associated with the high rate of Fe-sulphide formation occurring there, at least seasonally during salt-water inflow. 相似文献
2.
金矿区河水和底泥中重金属含量分布与耦合关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
河流中河水与底泥中重金属含量之间的关系对于河流污染防治意义重大。对某金矿区3种典型河流的河水与底泥中的重金属含量进行分析,发现4条河流均有超过国家标准限值的情况,河水中7种重金属元素均出现超标,Cr、As元素超标不严重;底泥中Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn超标,其中Hg超标最严重,河水和底泥中Hg最大超标倍数分别达到3099倍和244倍。河流中重金属主要赋存形态为沉积态,底泥的吸附解吸作用是河流底泥和河水中重金属沿程变化的主控因素;金矿区区域上河水和底泥中重金属很好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模式。矿业活动、地层岩性均会影响底泥对重金属的平均最大吸附容量,流径黄土区的双桥河平均最大吸附容量最大。研究结果为矿山河流污染防治与预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
As is less toxic than Hg, Cd, Pb, Se, Zn, and Cu. The As clarke for clays and shales is 10 ppm. Our samples of bottom sediments from Kurshskii Bay were determined to contain from 15 to 26 ppm As and up to 34 ppm As in the vicinity of the Neman River mouth. Elevated As concentrations (50–114 ppm) were detected in four columns of subsurface bottom sediments (at depths of 10–65 cm) from the Vistula Lagoon. Elevated As concentrations (50–180 ppm) were also found in a few surface samples of sand from the Gdansk Deep near oil platform D-6. These sediments are either partly contaminated with anthropogenic As or contain Fe sulfides and glauconite, which can concentrate As and contain its elevated concentrations. The As concentration in columns of bottom sediments from the Gulf of Finland were at the natural background level (throughout the columns) typical of the area (9–34 ppm). We repeatedly detected very high As concentrations (up to 227 ppm As) in pelitic ooze from Bornholm Deep, in the vicinity of the sunken vessel with chemical weapons. The sources of elevated As concentrations in the Baltic Sea are the following: (1) chemical weapon (CW) material buried in the floor of the Baltic Sea; (2) As-bearing pesticides, agricultural mineral fertilizers, and burned coal and other fuels; (3) kerogen-bearing Ordovician rocks exposed on the bottom; and (4) As-rich Fe sulfides brought to the area together with construction sand and gravel. This mixture was used in paper production and for the construction of hydraulic engineering facilities in the Vistula Lagoon in the early 20th century and later caused the so-called lagoon disease. 相似文献
4.
鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中重金属分布的影响因素分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
对鸭绿江河口不同地区沉积物中重金属分布特征和埋藏通量的垂向变化进行了分析;探讨了其独特的动力环境等因素对重金属分布的影响;评价了鸭绿江河口地区重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险程度.结果显示,自1920年代到2000年以来,除了Cu的含量和埋藏通量逐年减小之外,Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的浓度和埋藏通量具有逐渐增加的趋势;鸭绿江河口地区重金属总体污染程度为重到严重,其中西水道沉积物的重金属总体污染程度和总潜在生态风险程度均最高,重金属污染已经对鸭绿江河口地区的生态环境构成了严重的危害;粒度控制效应不是鸭绿江河口地区重金属分布的最主要影响因素;Cu和其他几种重金属有着不同的来源;最大浑浊带独特的动力机制是造成中水道重金属(除Cu外)的高值分布区和最大浑浊带内的高悬沙浓度分布区相对应的最主要原因. 相似文献
5.
概要地回顾了近年来国内外湖泊沉积物中重金属环境污染方面的研究成果,介绍了湖相沉积物重金属研究的主要内容、方法和可能的发展方向。认为就重金属成因方面应加强区分其主要来源是岩石和矿物风化的碎屑产物、大气降尘、人类活动等的研究;重金属污染方面更应重视污染物质的生物有效性、迁移转化机理和重金属“二次污染”的研究;研究手段上,注重运用同位素示踪与定年技术来研究重金属的来源和污染历史,应用高分辨率沉积物钻心研究环境的变迁。最后提出加强多学科的综合研究,建立中国湖泊基准数据库,为探讨湖泊湿地的可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
6.
【研究目的】白洋淀为雄安新区核心生态功能区,为支撑白洋淀湿地生态修复与保护,系统开展了全淀区表层沉积物环境质量调查。【研究方法】在白洋淀湿地采集表层沉积物样品484组,查明了白洋淀表层沉积物重金属地球化学特征,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法开展了重金属生态风险评价。【研究结果】白洋淀表层沉积物重金属含量普遍偏高于河北省表层土壤重金属含量背景值,府河入淀口及白沟引河入淀口为重金属元素主要富集区,入淀河流输入为白洋淀重金属主要来源;环境地球化学综合评价结果为清洁无污染等级分布面积144.54 km2,占表层沉积物分布总面积的96.68%;各重金属污染程度由重到轻排序为Cd＞Cu＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞As,Cd元素污染程度等级以中度和偏中度为主,Cu元素以轻度和清洁为主,其他元素以清洁无污染为主;重金属潜在生态风险以轻度和中度为主,河流入淀口所在淀区重金属潜在生态风险高于其他淀区,潜在生态风险由高到低排序为南刘庄＞烧车淀＞小白洋淀＞王家寨＞藻苲淀＞捞王淀＞池鱼淀＞泛鱼淀。【结论】白洋淀表层沉积物环境质量总体较好,南刘庄等局部淀区存在重金属污染潜在生态风险,以Cd元素污染最为突出。创新点：采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法,系统评价白洋淀湿地表层沉积物重金属污染程度和生态风险;重金属地球化学特征分析与主成分分析法相结合,揭示表层沉积物重金属污染主要来源为河流输入。 相似文献
7.
太湖沉积物中重金属的测定及环境意义 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
通过对太湖地区水域湖泊沉积物中重金属含量的抽样测试，描述了太湖水域重金属（Ag、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等）元素的污染状及其分布，结果表明：太湖沉积物中重金属含量北部明显高于东部，来自太湖北岸城镇和工业区的未处理工业及生活污水，对太湖北部水域造成的重金属污染程度远高于以养殖业为主的东太湖及湖心水域。 相似文献
8.
选择太仓市郊区河流沉积物为研究对象,开展了重金属污染现状及评价研究。研究表明,相对于地壳或页岩平均值,沉积物中大部分重金属呈现不同程度的富集;地质累积指数和富集因子分析表明,位于城镇附近的采样点受到污染,且主要污染因子为Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn等。结果显示,沉积物Zn含量高达1770mg／kg,是农用污泥Zn使用容许最高值500mg／kg的3倍多,沉积物由于Zn、Cr、Cu等的严重污染不能用作施用污泥;利用重金属与Fe之间的相关特征结果显示,城镇工业、生活污水的排放是沉积物重金属污染的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤的污染元素特征及环境变化效应 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤具有相似的物质组成，具有相同的物源，通过补给区的径流，营养元素和重金属元素随着土壤迁入湖泊，由于沉积物和土壤物化条件的不同，它们的营养元素和重金属含量有差异。土壤中氮，磷的总量和有效态均比沉积物中高，表明有一部分营养物质进入了水体；营养元素高的沉积物均靠近城镇，其原因为居民生活污水排放，土壤和沉积物中多数重金属元素尚未超过自然背景值，只有沉积物中Cd和Pb，土壤中的Cu,Cd和Hg超过，但沉积物中重金属元素大多比土壤中高，特别在北部沿岸沉积物中，重金属元素含量大大超过平均值，这种不正常的高值是由人类不合理的废水，废物敢排放引起。 相似文献
10.
滇西沘江沉积物剖面重金属元素分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用连续提取法测定流经兰坪金顶铅锌矿区的沘江3个沉积物剖面中重金属元素的含量,分析Pb、Zn、Cd和As在流域的分布特征和在沉积物剖面中的分布特征。结果表明,距矿山75km的河段沉积物中,浅层沉积物中4种金属元素均污染严重,金顶铅锌矿是沉积物中重金属元素的主要来源,随着矿山开发规模的不断扩大,污染程度加深。4种重金属元素中Cd活性态比例高,且污染程度最强、范围最广、深度最大,Zn、Pb次之,As污染相对较轻、范围较小。潜在生态危害指数法研究结果表明,浅层沉积物中重金属元素表现出中等—很强的生态风险性,产生生态危害的主要重金属元素是Cd,其后依次是Pb、As和Zn。 相似文献
11.
Ibtehal Fathy Mohamed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4145-4153
The heavy metal contents of Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Pb, Cd, Fe, and V in the surface sediments from five selected sites of El Temsah Lake was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Geochemical forms of elements were investigated using four-step sequential chemical extraction procedure in order to identify and evaluate the mobility and the availability of trace metals on lake sediments, in comparison with the total element content. The operationally defined host fractions were: (1) exchangeable/bound to carbonate, (2) bound to Fe/Mn oxide, (3) bound to organic matter/sulfides, and (4) acid-soluble residue. The speciation data reveals that metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Fe, and V are sink primarily in organic and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides phases. Co is mainly concentrated in the active phase. This is alarming because the element is enriched in Al Sayadin Lagoon which is still the main site of open fishing in Ismailia. Average concentration of the elements is mostly above the geochemical background and pristine values of the present study. There is a difference on the elemental composition of the sediment collected at the western lagoon (Al Sayadin Lagoon), junction, the shoreline shipyard workshops, and eastern beach of the lake. Depending upon the nature of elements and local pollution source, high concentration of Zn, Pb, and Cu are emitted by industrial wastewater flow (shoreline workshops), while sanitary and agricultural wastewater (El Bahtini and El Mahsama Drains) emit Co and Cd in Al Sayadin Lagoon. On the other hand, there is a marked decrease in potentially toxic heavy metal concentrations in the sediments at the most eastern side of the lake, probably due to the successive sediment dredging and improvements in water purification systems for navigation objective. These result show that El Temsah receives concentrations in anthropogenic metals that risk provoking more or less important disruptions, which are harmful and irreversible on the fauna and flora of this lake and on the whole ecobiological equilibrium. 相似文献
12.
武汉市墨水湖沉积物重金属污染特征与防治对策 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
武汉市墨水湖重金属污染严重,其污染特征在我国城市湖泊中具代表性。在对墨水湖不同湖区沉积物中重金属污染物空间分布特征进行分析的基础上,应用地积累指数法探讨不同重金属元素含量随深度变化的规律和原因,并对墨水湖沉积物中重金属的污染程度进行评价表明:墨水湖沉积物中重金属元素锌和汞污染最为严重,污染程度由高到低依次为:Zn>Hg>Cu>C r>Pb>A s;从整个湖区来看,分布有排污口的周边湖区污染严重,湖心污染程度较低;沉积物中主要重金属元素含量随深度增加而降低,其变化规律主要受污染状况的影响,沉积物颗粒粒径的变化和早期成岩作用的影响不大。为了改善墨水湖水质条件和重金属污染严重的现状,必须在截污、疏浚和引水工程等基本治理措施保护下,重建和恢复沉水植物系统,才能从根本上改善湖泊水质。 相似文献
13.
Heavy metals in sediments as evidence for recent pollution and quasi-estuarine processes: an example from Lake Druzno,Poland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wojciech Tylmann Roman Gołębiewski Piotr Paweł Woźniak Karolina Czarnecka 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(1):35-46
This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of sediments from Lake Druzno (northern Poland), a reservoir
fed by freshwater from the catchment, with periodic input of brackish water from Vistula Lagoon. This study analyzed the spatial
variation in heavy metal content in surface sediments as well as the temporal changes in metal content in two sediment cores
dated using the 210Pb method. In the surface sediments, the highest metal concentrations were recorded in the northern part of the lake, with
lower concentrations in the central and southern parts. Absolute values of metal concentrations in the cores were low, but
normalization with respect to Al showed an increase during the second half of the 20th century. Mean enrichment factors (EF)
in sediments from the second half of the 20th century ranged from insignificant (1–1.2) for Fe to (1.55–3.3) for Cu, Cd, Pb
and Zn. The sediments deposited before 1950 had lower EF values (>1.5) and had low variability. Results from both the surface
sediments and the cores indicate that the main source of lake pollution is brackish water intrusion from the Vistula Lagoon
via the contaminated River Elbląg. 相似文献
14.
太湖MS岩芯重金属元素地球化学形态研究 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
采用BCR三步提取法对太湖MS岩芯沉积物中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等6种重金属元素的化学形态进行了研究.结果表明,有效结合态的Cu、Ni和Pb主要以有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Fe和Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Mn主要以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态存在;Fe-Mn氧化物结合态的Ni、Pb和Zn与可还原态的Mn有较好的正相关关系,有机物及硫化物结合态的Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn与有机碳含量有较好的正相关关系;重金属形态分布体现了重金属元素地球化学性质的差异,以及重金属形态含量与沉积物理化性质的关系.沉积岩芯重金属元素形态垂向变化规律及次生相富集系数表明,Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn在沉积岩芯13～4 cm有效结合态含量较稳定,为自然沉积;4～0 cm有效结合态含量明显升高,存在一定程度的人为污染.根据137Cs测年结果判断,沉积岩芯Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等重金属污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,主要污染元素及污染历史与太湖流域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合. 相似文献
15.
Indian coastal waters are subjected to considerable pressure from sewage and industrial wastes, which are responsible for
the contamination of the coastal sediments with consequent loss in biosphere. The present investigation attempts to study
the significance of coarse material (Sand fraction) in the distribution of metals in polluted marine sediments. The study
revealed that coarse Sand component contains a relatively significant proportion of the anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and
Zn) and therefore it cannot be neglected in metal pollution studies of coastal sediments. Further, the distribution of anthropogenic
metals in both Silt + Clay and Sand fraction follow the same suit indicating similar pollution sources. From the total sediment
type (Silt + Clay and Sand fraction) all anthropogenic metals had a noticeable amount (>50%) in the acid extractable (and
potentially bio-available) fraction. This article stresses the importance of coarse fraction in metal pollution studies in
Indian coastal system. 相似文献
16.
Huan-Guang Deng Ju Zhang Dong-Qi Wang Zhen-Lou Chen Shi-Yuan Xu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):57-63
Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb concentrations of the sediment collected from three tidal flat sites of Yangtze estuary were investigated
in October 2003. Results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments were two to three times to
the environment background values of Yangtze estuary tidal flat sediment. The heavy metal concentrations in the sediments
near the Bailonggang (BLG) and Laogang (LG) sewage outfalls were obviously higher than those of Chaoyang (CY) tidal flat where
there are no sewage outfalls near the coast. And the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments of LG tidal flat
decreased with the increasing of the distance to the sewage outfalls. The heavy metal concentration profile in the sediment
core changed with the depth, and generally reached maximum values at the depth of plant roots. The assessment results showed
that the sediments of LG, BLG and CY tidal flat had been polluted by heavy metals in different level. The pollution degree
of heavy metals in the sediments was as follows: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr. The potential ecological risks of the four heavy metals
in three tidal flat sites sediment were all at a middle level, and Cu and Pb made the main contributions. The adverse ecological
effects caused by the four heavy metals did not occur frequently. 相似文献
17.
18.
滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沉积物作为重金属污染物的源和汇,对水环境有着至关重要的影响.为了全面了解滦河沉积物中重金属污染现状,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对滦河干支流沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定,分析了其空间分布,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对滦河沉积物进行了评价.结果表明:滦河沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd 和Pb的平均含量分别为60.40、26.15、48.07、76.42、0.30、25.55 mg/kg,其中Cu和Cd含量高于中国水系沉积物背景值.滦河干流的重金属含量空间分布自上游往下游呈逐渐增加趋势.潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明:不同重金属污染对滦河流域生态风险构成的危害由强至弱依次为:Cd＞Cu ＞Pb＞Cr＞ Zn,其中Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn为低生态危害等级,Cd以中等生态危害等级为主.总体上,滦河沉积物重金属处于中等生态危害等级,干流大黑汀水库和支流瀑河宽域处于强生态危害等级. 相似文献
19.
Three marine sediment cores from Osaka Bay were analyzed for 210Pb geochronology, heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, and Pb) and stable lead isotope ratios (206Pb/207Pb) in order to reconstruct high-resolution heavy metal pollution history from 1900–2006. Anthropogenic metal accumulation in sediments peaked in 1970 in agreement with the high economic growth period in Japan. The comparison of temporal patterns of 206Pb/207Pb ratio with other areas of Japan suggested that the heavy metals, imported from several different countries during the periods of economic growth (1955 to 1973), are the main pollution source for the country. For the period 1970–2006, the sediment data reflect the result of stricter environmental regulations applied after the late 1960s. However, heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments are still elevated to levels several times higher than the levels at the bottoms of the cores. Additionally, the lead isotope ratio does not show significant change after the 1980s. Secondary heavy metal pollution through the mixing of deeper polluted sediment appears to be the likely reason for the deterioration of present time submarine sediment environments. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that it is difficult to recover over a period of several years the benthic quality of a bay, once it is heavily polluted. 相似文献
20.
内海湾底泥沉积物的环境质量状况与水生生物的生存和人体健康关系密切。在广东汕头市内海湾两岸23个点位采集了表层(0~20 cm)和深层(100~120 cm)底泥沉积物样品46件,对其pH值和Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn计7项重金属及K含量进行测试分析,调查底泥中这些重金属的含量特征,并参照农用地水田土壤污染风险管控标准对重金属环境污染质量进行评价。结果表明汕头内海湾底泥沉积物的pH介于7.00~8.82之间,平均值为7.83,在46件样品中41件样品的pH值大于7.5。内海湾底泥中7项重金属元素的含量均明显低于环境污染风险管制值,即对该区底泥重金属环境污染不需要管制。Cd、As、Pb、Cr这4项重金属含量均低于污染风险筛选值,其污染风险可以忽略。2件表层样品的Hg含量值高于污染风险筛选值,18件样品的Cu和Zn含量值高于污染风险筛选值,因此建议对底泥中Cu、Zn、Hg含量进行环境质量监测。K含量介于0.70%~2.59%,平均值为1.54%。基于表层底泥和深层底泥元素含量对比分析,认为该区Hg污染来源应为人为源;Cu、Zn的污染来源一部分为人为源,另一部分可能为人为源、自然源或二者的混合源。 相似文献