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This work aims to demonstrate the dynamical properties of the free interface separating two bounded layers of electrified Newtonian fluids inside a parametrically excited boxed basin. The mathematical model of the investigated problem is contacted with the linearized Navier–Stokes equation of viscous fluids and Maxwell equations together with the boundary conditions that are solved utilizing Laplace transform. Solutions of the governing equations in time domain are then numerically calculated by using Durbin's numerical inverse Laplace transform scheme. Graphical illustrations of the accomplished numerical results are provided to examine the influence of some selected parameters on the stability picture of the interfacial waves as well as the electric surface charge distribution. The numerical results proposed that the electric Euler number Eu, promotes the instability of the wave motion whatever the values of the frequency of oscillation and the destabilizing effect of Eu becomes weaker at larger values of the frequency; while a dual effect (in) stabilizing of the frequency of oscillations is reported whether the electric effects exist or not. This irregular influence of the frequency oscillation has also been monitored regarding to the forces exerted on the side wall of the container. 相似文献
3.
Based on the integral equation transformed from three dimensional Laplace equation and by the adoption of the division manner of sub- region boundary element method, the numerical computations of the velocity potential of each sub-region are given considering the continuity conditions of potential and normal derivatives at the interface of sub-regions. Therefore, computation of wave deformation in offshore flow field is realized. The present numerical model provides a good solution for the application of boundary element method to the calculation of wave deformation in large areas. 相似文献
4.
Diel patterns in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of surface picoplankton, a*pico (γ) (m2·[mg chlorophyll a]−1), were studied at 7 stations under daily cycle of in situ light condition in the western subarctic Pacific and Japan Sea. All the data were normalized by dividing the anomaly with daily averaged a*pico (γ). Opposite diel patterns were observed for the normalized a*pico (443) and a*pico (675) with maximum toward dawn or dusk and minimum toward midday at 4 stations under low-irradiance (LI) conditions and vice versa at 3 stations under high-irradiance (HI) conditions. The absorption efficiency factors at red absorption peak, Q
a (675), were determined by reconstruction with intracellular chlorophyll a concentration and cell diameter. The normalized Q
a (675) also showed diel pattern with maximum toward midday and minimum toward dawn or dusk under LI. The diel pattern in a*pico (675) and Q
a (675) were primarily caused by changes in intracellular chlorophyll a concentration due to photoadaptation under LI. The diel pattern in a*pico (443) was influenced by pigmentation, as recognized by blue to red ratio [a*pico (443)/a*pico (675)] under HI. This study proposed that the opposite diel pattern in a*pico (γ) might occur for a wide range of algal species. The results presented here have important consequences for the interpretation of diel variations in optical properties observed in the open ocean. 相似文献
5.
采用Laplace数值反演的Stehfest算法研究了分数阶Oldroyd-B粘弹性流体在两平板间非定常的Poiseuille流动问题.首先,通过数值解与近似解析解的比较验证了Stehfest算法的有效性.其次,运用Stehfest算法对平板Poiseuille流动进行了研究,揭示了分数阶黏弹性平板流的速度过冲和应力过冲现象,指出这些现象对分数导数的阶数存在明显的依赖性.同时,数值结果表明,整数阶本构方程仅仅是分数阶本构方程的特例,分数阶本构方程较整数阶本构方程具有更广泛的适用性. 相似文献
6.
Semi‐diurnal tides in Cook Strait 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):87-97
The phases and amplitudes of the M2 and S2 constituents of tidal elevation in Coiok Strait may be adequately described as an open mouth reflection of tidal waves advancing from the east and west coasts of New Zealand and reflecting near the latitudes of Titahi Bay and Cape Campbell (a distance of approximately 60 km). Other reflection conditions give amplitude and phase distributions different from those observed. Best fits to the observed phases and amplitudes for the M2 tide elevation arise from non‐rotational one‐dimensional solutions which allow for the bathymetry. If rotation is introduced in the form of Kelvin Wave solutions, the result is a two‐dimensional phase‐distribution pattern qualitatively similar to that observed, with the change in phase more rapid and the tidal amplitude smaller on the eastern than on the western side of Cook Strait. The solution for the S2 tide also fits closest to the observed tidal elevations for the non‐rotational one dimensional solution, but the introduction of rotation leads to a two‐dimensional phase‐distribution pattern qualitatively similar to that observed. The ratio of the amplitude of the wave (£) advancing from the northwest into Cook Strait to that (A) advancing from the southeast is substantially greater for the S2 (B/A = 11) than for the M2 (B/A = 2) tidal constituent and leads to the region of most rapid phase change for S2 being shifted further to the south than that for M2. 相似文献
7.
Wilton Z. Arruda Doron Nof James J. O&#x;Brien 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):2073-2090
A nonlinear theory for the generation of the Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE) is proposed. Using the nonlinear reduced gravity (shallow water) equations, it is shown analytically that the eddy is established in order to balance the northward momentum flux (i.e., the flow force) exerted by the separating western boundary current (WBC). In this scenario, the presence of β produces a southward (eddy) force balancing the northward momentum flux imparted by the separating East Korean Warm Current (EKWC).It is found that, for a high Rossby number EKWC (i.e., highly nonlinear current), the eddy radius is roughly 2Rd/ε1/6 (here ε≡βRd/f0, where Rd is the Rossby radius), implying that the UWE has a scale larger than that of most eddies (Rd). This solution suggests that, in contrast to the familiar idea attributing the formation of eddies to instabilities (i.e., the breakdown of a known steady solution), the UWE is an integral part of the steady stable solution. The solution also suggests that a weak WBC does not produce an eddy (due to the absence of nonlinearity).A reduced gravity numerical model is used to further analyze the relationship between β, nonlinearity and the eddy formation. First, we show that a high Rossby number WBC which is forced to separate from the wall on an f plane does not produce an eddy near the separation. To balance the northward momentum force imparted by the nonlinear boundary current, the f plane system moves constantly offshore, producing a southward Coriolis force. We then show that, as β is introduced to the problem, an anticyclonic eddy is formed. The numerical balance of forces shows that, as suggested by the analytical reasoning, the southward force produced by the eddy balances the northward flow force imparted by the boundary current. We also found that the observed eddy scale in the Japan/East Sea agrees with the analytical estimate for a nonlinear current. 相似文献
8.
New Derivation of Ordinary Differential Equations for Transient Free-Surface Green Functions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
DUAN Wenyang DAI Yishan 《中国海洋工程》2001,(4):499-508
Based on the Laplace transform, a direct derivation of the ordinary differential equations for the three-dimensional transient free-surface Green function in marine hydrodynamics is presented. The results for the 3D Green function and all its spatial derivatives are a set of fourth-order ordinary differential equations, which are identical with that of Clement (1998). All of these results may be used to accelerate numerical computation for the time-domain boundary element method in marine hydrodynamics. 相似文献
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A three-dimensional multi-level hydrodynamic model has recently been developed and applied to tidal motion in Singapore’s coastal waters. This paper describes a series of numerical experiments to evaluate the sensitivity of the tidal currents and elevations to model parameters. The results show that the predicted tidal elevations are insensitive to three model parameters: horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (Smagorinsky constant, ch), bottom friction coefficient (cb) and internal friction coefficient (cv), whereas the effects of these parameters are quite different for tidal current velocities. The velocities are slightly reduced with an increase in ch and cb. The bottom friction effects on velocity profiles increase with water depth. The effect of cv might be significant for the tidal velocities at all levels. The velocities at upper layers of the water column decrease with the increase in cv, whereas the velocities at the bottom layer show the reverse trend. The effects of three model parameters on the magnitude and phase of the simulated currents are in the order (from strong to weak) of cv, cb and ch. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTThe elastic mechanical response of porous materials under a heat source has many applications in civil engineering and has received considerable attention in the geotechnical literature. In this paper, a Kelvin viscoelastic model is combined with the thermohydromechanical governing equations for marine clay and solved using a numerical inversion of the inverse Laplace transform in the time domain. After validation against existing analytical solutions, numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influence of viscosity on temperature, excess pore pressure, and displacement. It is shown that viscosity has little influence on temperature, a modest influence on displacements, and a quite significant influence on excess pore pressure. 相似文献
11.
Both analytical (small time expansion) and numerical (finite-difference) approaches have been used to solve the earthquake-induced nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure acting on a rigid high rise offshore cylinder. For the high rise offshore cylinder, the most part of the flow field is independent of z and a three dimensional hydrodynamic analysis can be reduced to a two dimensional analysis. At onset, the dimensionless ground displacement ?2 = 0 for the two dimensional analysis, the normalized hydrodynamic pressures across cylinder face is a constant and is independent of the radius of the cylinder. The normalized horizontal force coefficient Cfx is independent of intensity of ground acceleration and is approximately linear and proportional to ?2 and its onset value is equal to π. For a linear analysis i.e. neglecting nonlinear convective acceleration, the normalized hydrodynamic pressure coefficient is also independent of the radius of cylinder. The analytical method was good for ground motion in a single direction, the results of simultaneous action of two components of ground acceleration can be obtained by the superposition of the results due to separate excitation. But the superposition method is only valid in the linear analysis. For highly nonlinear problem, the present finite difference approach is recommended. 相似文献
12.
The grazing impact by a dense population of filter-feeding ascidians Ciona intestinalis on horizontally flowing water (driven by density circulation) in a shallow cove (Kertinge Nor, Denmark) has been described and quantified by means of a simple one-dimensional numerical model. The agreement between observations and modelled predictions was satisfactory. The applied numerical model has the following analytical solution in the idealized case: Cx = C0e−(fx/Y2), where Cx = algal concentration at a downstream distance x, C0 = initial concentration, f = F/vc; F = area specific population filtration rate; vc = current velocity; Y2 = depth of mixed layer below halocline. The numerical model quantifies the actual grazing impact while the analytical model illustrates the governing physics in well-known terms. To describe situations with no current (i.e. stagnant water), we performed simulation studies in the laboratory and measured vertical profiles of algal cells over filter-feeding C. intestinalis. The results showed that phytoplankton became reduced in a near-bottom water layer of 20–30 cm thickness. Such water layers may develop in stagnant water (calm days and no advective currents), thus uncoupling the pelagic food and the filter feeders which within a short time will experience extremely meagre food conditions. 相似文献
13.
Properties of the light saturation curve of photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) activity are shown to change qualitatively in a natural population of marine phytoplankton during a spring bloom. Evidence is presented to show that these changes constitute photoadapative responses to increasing irradiance. As irradiance increased during the bloom, both the level of light-saturated photosynthesis (Pm) and the initial slope of the light saturation curve (α = photosynthetic efficiency) increased whether those parameters were normalized to chlorophyll a concentration (Pmb, αb) or to cell numbers (Pmc, αc). The magnitudes of these changes were such that Ik (= Pm/α, the photoadaptation parameter) did not change, but Im, the light intensity at which photosynthesis becomes saturated, increased. RuBPC activity, both chlorophyll a (RuBPCb) and cell number normalized (RuBPCc), also increased during the bloom. We suggest that these adaptations were achieved by simultaneously increasing the number of photosynthetic units, proportionately decreasing the photosynthetic unit size, and increasing both the concentrations of the enzymes of the dark reactions and possibly also of photosynthetic electron transport components.We also observed diminished levels of photoinhibition in the high light adapted cells late in the bloom and have suggested that this was a consequence of the same suite of physiological changes.In situ carbon fixation per cell increased during the bloom whereas no change occurred in this parameter when normalized to chlorophyll a concentration. Although these photoadaptive responses thus permitted carbon to be fixed in situ more rapidly per cell, at a constant efficiency with respect to investment of energy in the photosynthetic apparatus, they did not result in a change in growth rate. Based on consideratios of the role of time scale in physiological adaptation, however, it is suggested that the observed alterations in photosynthesis with increasing irradiance might permit a cell to more rapidly fill an energy quota for division, possibly an advantage in a mixing environment in which energy is patchily distributed, both spatially and temporalyy.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity when normalized to chlorophyll a (PEPCb) did not change during the bloom while chlorophyll a normalized dark carbon fixation decreased sharply and was quantitatively small compared to PEPCb. On this basis and considering that RuBPCb increased during the bloom, it is suggested that, although PEPC may be involved in dark carbon fixation, its most important quantitative role is probably an indirect one in light dependent photosynthesis.We have also considered the relevance of laboratory results on photoadaptation to interpretations of field studies and have suggested that batch culture studies must be treated with caution but that turbidistat and semi-continuous methods provide reasonable simulations of natural conditions. 相似文献
14.
In this paper methods are given of the IR radiometric determination of the temperature of the radiating oceanic layer,T
s, and the determination on its basis of the temperature drop in the skin layer,dt, from on board a ship underway, which allows for the emissivity of the sea surface and the contribution of the atmosphere to the upward radiation of the sea surface. The seawater temperatureT
w was registered by a contact sensor towed along the ship at a depth of 0.1–0.4 m. The valuedt=T
s–T
w was found to be within the limits of 0.07 to –0.85 K, being on average 0.33 K. The near-surface wind speedv (v=1–13 m s–1) had the best relationship withdt;dt=–0.66+0.06v. The empirical values ofdt were compared with the model ones obtained by the well-known formulae for the conditions of forced and free convection of the surface layer.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
15.
Alessandra Romolo Giovanni Malara Giuseppe Barbaro Felice Arena 《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(1):31-36
This paper deals with the random forces produced by high ocean waves on submerged horizontal circular cylinders. Arena [Arena F, Interaction between long-crested random waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder. Phys Fluids 2006;18(7):1–9 (paper 076602)] obtained the analytical solution of the random wave field for two dimensional waves by extending the classical Ogilvie solution [Ogilvie TF, First- and second-order forces on a cylinder submerged under a free surface. J Fluid Mech 1963;16:451–472; Arena F, Note on a paper by Ogilvie: The interaction between waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder. J Fluid Mech 1999;394:355–356] to the case of random waves. In this paper, the wave force acting on the cylinder is investigated and the Froude Krylov force [Sarpkaya T, Isaacson M, Mechanics of wave forces on offshore structures, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.; 1981], on the ideal water cylinder, is calculated from the random incident wave field. Both forces represent a Gaussian random process of time. The diffraction coefficient of the wave force is obtained as quotient between the standard deviations of the force on the solid cylinder and of the Froude Krylov force. It is found that the diffraction coefficient of the horizontal force Cdo is equal to the Cdv of the vertical force. Finally, it is shown that, since a very large wave force occurs on the cylinder, it may be calculated, in time domain, starting from the Froude Krylov force. It is then shown that this result is due to the fact that the frequency spectrum of the force acting on the cylinder is nearly identical to that of the Froude–Krylov force. 相似文献
16.
An accurate numerical prediction of the oceanic upper layer velocity is a demanding requirement for many applications at sea and is a function of several near-surface processes that need to be incorporated in a numerical model. Among them, we assess the effects of vertical resolution, different vertical mixing parameterization (the so-called Generic Length Scale –GLS– set of k–ε, k–ω, gen, and the Mellor–Yamada), and surface roughness values on turbulent kinetic energy (k) injection from breaking waves.First, we modified the GLS turbulence closure formulation in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to incorporate the surface flux of turbulent kinetic energy due to wave breaking. Then, we applied the model to idealized test cases, exploring the sensitivity to the above mentioned factors. Last, the model was applied to a realistic situation in the Adriatic Sea driven by numerical meteorological forcings and river discharges. In this case, numerical drifters were released during an intense episode of Bora winds that occurred in mid-February 2003, and their trajectories compared to the displacement of satellite-tracked drifters deployed during the ADRIA02-03 sea-truth campaign.Results indicted that the inclusion of the wave breaking process helps improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations, subject to an increase in the typical value of the surface roughness z0. Specifically, the best performance was obtained using αCH = 56,000 in the Charnok formula, the wave breaking parameterization activated, k–ε as the turbulence closure model. With these options, the relative error with respect to the average distance of the drifter was about 25% (5.5 km/day). The most sensitive factors in the model were found to be the value of αCH enhanced with respect to a standard value, followed by the adoption of wave breaking parameterization and the particular turbulence closure model selected. 相似文献
17.
S. Aranuvachapun 《Ocean Engineering》1987,14(2)
Monte Carlo simulation of wave spectra was carried out to provide an assessment of JONSWAP spectral model and parameters. The simulation method is found to be satisfactory because (a) it excludes the spectral variability due to geophysical factors from the sampling errors in the spectral estimates and the statistical uncertainty in determining the model parameters; and (b) the simulated spectra can represent ideal spectral estimates where the sampling errors have been minimized by increasing the degrees of freedom of the spectra. The latter (b) allows both the magnitude of sampling errors to be evaluated and errors due to statistical uncertainty to be isolated. Thus, the stimulation study provides a useful error analysis to assess the JONSWAP spectral model and parameters. For instance, it is found from the results that the sampling errors could be as high as 20% while errors due to uncertainty in determining the model parameter could be as high as 17%. However, the overall errors may be reduced to the minimum of approx. 15% if the simulated spectra have 80 degrees of freedom and constant values of σa and σb i.e. σa = 0.07 and σb = 0.09. This implies that the maximum accuracy of 85% may be achieved in JONSWAP spectral model even though the α parameter has been underestimated by about 1.5%. The overestimated values of γ might come from the underestimated α and the biased φm estimator caused by the statistical uncertainty in the presence of a sharp spectral peak. Although the scale parameters (α and φm) exhibit smaller errors and variability than the shape parameters (ψ, σa and σb), they are more sensitive to the degrees of freedom of the spectra and their estimators are not better than the estimators of shape parameters. The simulation experiments have also shown that simulated spectra at 20–40 degrees of freedom contain a substantial amount of sampling errors. Therefore, the measured wave spectra at the same degrees of freedom (20–40) are not suitable and should not be used for evaluating the accuracy of any wave spectral model. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, an approximate closed-form solution is presented to compute the moisture-related buckling of symmetric angle-ply laminates. The environment corresponds to a steady state condition, which provides a uniform moisture distribution for the laminate. The laminate consists of four layers [θ/−θ]s constructed of low, moderate and high stiffness ratio materials. Comparative results using the Rayleigh–Ritz method provides a means of assessing the accuracy of the expression. For certain laminate architectures, several modes must be computed to ascertain the lowest buckling mode, and once identified, provides an excellent approximation for the mode computed using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. 相似文献
19.
In this paper the 0-1 combined BEM is adopted to subdivide the computational domain boundary,and to discretize the Green’s integral expression based on Laplace equation.The FEM is used to subdivide the wave surface and deduce the surface equation which satisfies the nonlinear boundary conditions on the surface.The equations with potential function and wave surface height as an unknown quantity by application of Taylor expansion approach can be solved by iteration within the time step.In m-time iteration within the computational process of time step(n-1)Δt to nΔt,the results of the previous iteration are taken as the initial value of the two-order unknown terms in the present iteration.Thus,an improved tracking mode of nonlinear wave surface is established,and numerical results of wave tank test indicate that this mode is improved obviously and is more precise than the previous numerical model which ignored the two-order unknown terms of wave surface location and velocity potential function in comparison with the theoretical values. 相似文献
20.
Although extensive research has been performed on the mechanical properties of cement-stabilized clays, quite a few attempts have been made on the compression behavior of remolded cement-admixed clays. The results from oedometer tests have been discussed to investigate the compressibility of remolded cement-admixed clays, taking into consideration cement amount and curing time. The findings show that the difference in shape and position of compression curves is attributed to cement amount and curing time. Most compression index (Cc) values of remolded cement-admixed clays are greater than those of untreated clay due to the presence of remolded yield stress σ′yr that is closely related to initial water content and clay fabric. Based on the obtained test data, the relationships of Cc vs. e0, Cc vs. w0, Cc vs. e1, Cc vs. eyr, and σ′yr vs. eyr are preliminarily discussed and quantitatively established. Especially, an important divergence of void index Iv at effective stress σ′v less than remolded yield stress σ′yr can be observed at different cement amounts and curing durations. Being independent on cement amount, curing time, and initial state of soil, an excellent convergence occurs at stress σ′v greater than yield stress σ′yr. The normalized compression curves of Iv vs. σ′v at σ′v?>?σ′y can be expressed by a unique line that agrees well with intrinsic compression line (ICL) and extended ICL. 相似文献