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1.
文章依据2021年9月黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物调查数据,分析了沉积物粒度、容重、有机碳分布特征,并对黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物碳密度及碳储量进行评估。结果显示,黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物类型以粉砂为主,部分层次为砂质粉砂和黏土质粉砂;4种植被类型中,不同深度的沉积物容重差异性不大,互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区容重整体大于柽柳和芦苇分布区;互花米草、盐地碱蓬、芦苇和柽柳分布区沉积物中有机碳含量分别为0.199%、0.200%、0.184%和0.161%,互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区底质中有机碳含量较芦苇和柽柳分布区偏高,这与互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区含有更多的黏土组分有关;计算得出,黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物总碳储量为33.47万t,其中互花米草分布区为14.31万t,芦苇分布区为12.05万t,柽柳分布区为5.27万t,盐地碱蓬分布区为1.84万t。 相似文献
2.
Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd have been determined in leaves, stems and roots of Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides from the Tagus estuary salt mash (Corroios) and in the sediments between their roots. Biological materials and sediments were sampled every 2 months, between July 1991 and July 1992. Root biomass increased from July to September and from January to March. The greatest metal concentrations occurred in the roots, with lowest levels in January and increasing levels during the growth periods. Zn, Pb and Cu in sediments exhibited a corresponding change in concentrations, reaching maximum in January and subsequently decreasing in spring. The ratios between metal concentrations in the root and in sediments were higher for H. portulacoides when compared to S. maritima, whose roots are surrounded by a more acidic and reduced sediment environment. It was concluded, therefore, that H. portulacoides is a more effective accumulator of metals than S. maritima, and both root-sediment systems exhibited a seasonal variation of metal concentrations. 相似文献
3.
The aim of the present work was to understand the role different salt marsh plants on metal distribution and retention in the Lima River estuary (NW Portugal), which to our knowledge have not been ascertained in this area yet. The knowledge of these differences is an important requirement for the development of appropriate management strategies, and is poorly described for Eurosiberian estuaries, like the one selected. In addition it is important to understand the difference among introduced and native salt marsh plants. In this work, metal levels (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were surveyed (by atomic absorption spectrometry) in sediments from sites vegetated with Juncus maritimus, Spartina patens, Phragmites australis and Triglochin striata (rhizo-sediments), in non-vegetated sediments and in the different tissues of the plants (roots, rhizomes and aerial shoots). In general, rhizo-sediments had higher metal concentrations than non-vegetated sediments, a feature that seems common to sediments colonized by salt marsh plants of different estuarine areas. All plants concentrated metals, at least Cd, Cu and Zn (and Pb for T. striata) in their belowground structures ([M]belowground tissues/[M]non-vegetated sediment > 1). However, when considered per unit of salt marsh area, the different selected plants played a different role on sediment metal distribution and retention. Triglochin striata retained a significant metal burden in it belowground structures (root plus rhizomes) acting like a possible phyto-stabilizer, whereas P. australis had an higher metal burden in aboveground tissues acting as a possible phyto-extractor. As for J. maritimus and S. patens, metal burden distribution between above and belowground structures depended on the metal, with J. maritimus retaining, for instance, much more Cd and Cu in the aboveground than in the belowground structures. Therefore, the presence of invasive and exotic plants in some areas of the salt marsh may considerably affect metal distribution and retention in the estuarine region. 相似文献
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5.
Species of Spartina are potentially useful for biomonitoring coastal systems because they are abundant in the intertidal and have a wide geographic distribution in temperate zones. In this study, three indexes of physiological stress, thiolic protein concentration, adenylic energy charge (AEC) index [AEC = ATP + 0.5ADP/(ATP + ADP + AMP)] and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), are measured in Spartina maritima plants collected at four sites and compared with metal concentrations in the sediments and Spartina tissues. Two sites were close to urban centers and two were located further away, in less contaminated areas. Concentrations of copper, cadmium, lead and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, thiolic proteins were determined by polarography and adenilic nucleotides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Photosynthetic efficiencies were measured with a fluorometer. The sediments of sites closer to urban centers had higher concentrations of metals than the sites located further away. Metal concentration within plants did not follow this spatial pattern, probably due to spatial differences in metal bioavailability, uptake rates, internal transport and excretion processes. Concentrations of all metals studied were higher in underground plant structures than aerial, except cadmium whose levels were not significantly different. On the other hand, the stress indexes followed the spatial pattern of metals in the sediment. Thiolic protein concentrations were higher in plants from polluted sites, and were three to four times higher in aerial than in underground plant structures. Leaf AEC ratios and photosynthetic efficiencies were lower in plants from polluted sites indicating that they were growing under stressful conditions. We conclude that the use of these indexes in S. maritima represent a useful tool to monitor contamination in Ria Formosa lagoon as they provide an integrated measure of the toxicological burden of contamination. 相似文献
6.
Florence Boisson Mark G.J. Hartl Scott W. Fowler Claude Amiard-Triquet 《Marine environmental research》1998,45(4-5)
In order to assess the adaptation to metals previously observed in the bioindicator organism, Macoma balthica, subjected to chronic contamination by silver and mercury in the French Loire estuary, the bioaccumulation potential of individual organisms originating from the contaminated Loire estuary and a relatively uncontaminated control estuary (Somme) was evaluated using both radiotracers and stable isotopes of Ag (80 μg Ag litre−1) and Hg (100 μg Hg litre−1). Clams from the contaminated estuary were more sensitive to Ag (LT50 = 9d) than those originating from the Somme estuary (LT50 > 15d), even though the former bioaccumulated Ag to a significantly lower degree. This is attributed to a consequence of the chronic stress induced by Ag while clams were living in their natural environment. Therefore, past history of trace metal contamination should be considered when evaluating the susceptibility of M. balthica to heavy metal exposure. Lower uptake rates obtained for Hg (during the initial uptake phase only) and for Ag in clams from the polluted estuary suggest the presence of an adaptive trait for survival in contaminated areas. However, the lower degree of bioconcentration observed for Ag was not sufficiently low to reduce the sensitivity of the organisms to Ag and allow them to resist the toxic stress. Clams that survived Ag or Hg exposure at LT50 did not protect themselves against metal toxicity by accumulating a significantly lesser amount of these metals than clams which did not survive metal stress. The results suggest that the bioaccumulation potential of each individual was not a factor which can explain the survival ability of M. balthica exposed to chronic Ag and Hg contamination in estuaries. In this case, cellular, biochemical and genetic levels of adaptation are presumed to be of greater importance. 相似文献
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Cristina Santín Martha Gonzlez-Prez Xos Luis Otero Miguel ngel lvarez Felipe Macías 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,81(4):481-490
This study characterizes humic substances (HS) from two soils colonized by Spartina maritima at different physiographical positions in estuarine environments on the north-western coast of the Iberian Peninsula: the Villaviciosa site, a stand close to the main tidal channel, and the Ortigueira site, located in the low salt marsh. Humic and fulvic acids were extracted from the soils and characterized qualitatively by the following spectroscopic techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.The characterized HS showed a predominance of low humified compounds with a high proportion of aliphatic components and a low degree of aromaticity. The HS composition differed substantially between sites. In the Villaviciosa soil, the large amount of nonpolar aliphatic components and the very low degree of aromaticity may indicate a significant contribution of marine organic matter and/or microbial material to the HS. However, in the HS from the Ortigueira soil, the higher proportion of polysaccharides together with the presence of lignin-derived compounds may indicate greater inputs of vascular plant material. The δ13C isotopic composition of the bulk soils highlights the large input of Spartina maritima debris to the Ortigueira site, whereas in the Villaviciosa site, organic contributions from this C4 vascular plant were not so evident.The results indicate that in these soils colonized by Spartina maritima, physiographical position has an important effect on the composition of soil HS and, therefore, must be considered in the study of organic matter characteristics in such estuarine environments. 相似文献
9.
用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 等8 种重金属含量, 并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明: 不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05), 各群体中Pb 含量均超过标准, 厦门海门岛群体中Cd 含量超标; 厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高, 所有采样点底泥中Cu 含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd 含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类; 可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe 的富集系数均小于1, 对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb 和As 的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小; 可口革囊星虫中的Fe 和As 含量与底泥中的Fe 和As 含量高度正相关, Zn 和Hg 含量的相关性次之, 其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。 相似文献
10.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
11.
Effect of native and invasive cordgrass on Macoma petalum density, growth, and isotopic signatures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ecosystem engineers can influence community and ecosystem dynamics by controlling resources, modifying the flow of energy or biomass, or changing physical characteristics of the habitat. Invasive hybrid cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora × Spartina foliosa) is an ecosystem engineer in salt marshes in San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. that raises intertidal elevations and may be either increasing C4 plant carbon input into food webs or tying up carbon in a form that is not usable by consumers. A manipulative experiment compared abundance, growth, and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of the clam Macoma petalum (=M. balthica) among native marsh, hybrid Spartina, and mudflats in central San Francisco Bay. We found higher densities (individuals m−2) of M. petalum on mudflats compared to either native or hybrid Spartina (p < 0.001). Macoma petalum shell growth was significantly greater in mudflats than in either vegetation type in 2002 (p = 0.005) but not 2003. Differences in shell growth between native and hybrid Spartina were not significant. Stable isotope results showed differences between habitats in δ13C but not δ15N. Carbon signatures of M. petalum placed in Spartina were much more depleted than the isotopic signature of Spartina. Neither native nor hybrid Spartina appears to be a significant carbon source for M. petalum in San Francisco Bay, and we found no evidence that hybrid Spartina contributes carbon to M. petalum beyond what is provided by S. foliosa, despite the hybrid's much greater biomass. Our results show that loss of mudflat habitat, rather than increased input of C4 carbon, is the greatest effect of the invasion of hybrid Spartina on M. petalum. 相似文献
12.
Marta Lobo Lopes Patrícia Martins Fernando Ricardo Ana Maria Rodrigues Victor Quintino 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,92(4):497-580
The decomposition rates of Phragmites australis and Fucus vesiculosus were experimentally determined in an estuarine system using the leaf-bag technique. The study was conducted in fifteen sites arranged in five areas, extending from freshwater, outside the tidal range, to the marine environment, near the mouth of the estuary. The leaf-bags (5 mm mesh), were set up with 3.0 g of dried substrate, submerged in the experimental sites at day 0 and collected at days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60, to follow biomass loss. The biomass loss through the leaching phase (day 3) was about 16% for Phragmites australis and 33% for Fucus vesiculosus and was independent of salinity for both substrates. The difference in the remaining biomass between the two species increased with time and the decomposition rates differed along the salinity gradient. For F. vesiculosus, the decomposition rate was highest near the mouth of the estuary, corresponding to the preferential distribution area of the algae, and decreased towards freshwater. For Phragmites australis, the fastest decay was observed in the mid estuary, where Phragmites australis occurs naturally, confirming previous studies. The decomposition rates measured at different time intervals (0–15, 0–30 and 0–60 days) were always higher for the algae and decreased with time for both species. These results indicate that the use of decomposition rates as a measure of ecosystem integrity or quality status in transitional waters will not be straightforward and must take into account, among others, the test species, the study area positioning along the estuarine gradient, and the time interval for the calculation of the decomposition rate. 相似文献
13.
Uptake and distribution of N, P and heavy metals in three dominant salt marsh macrophytes from Yangtze River estuary, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Quan WM Han JD Shen AL Ping XY Qian PL Li CJ Shi LY Chen YQ 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(1):21-37
We examined the variation in aboveground biomass accumulation and tissue concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in Phragmites australis (common reed), Spartina alterniflora (salt cordgrass), and Scirpus mariqueter throughout the growing season (April-October 2005), in order to determine the differences in net element accumulation and distribution between the three salt marsh macrophytes in the Yangtze River estuary, China. The aboveground biomass was significantly greater in the plots of S. alterniflora than in the plots of P. australis and S. mariqueter throughout the growing season (P<0.05). In August, the peak aboveground biomass was 1246+/-89 gDW/m(2), 2759+/-250 gDW/m(2) and 548+/-54 gDW/m(2) for P. australis, S. alterniflora and S. mariqueter, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in plant tissues showed similar seasonal patterns. There was a steady decline in element concentrations of the aboveground tissues from April to October. Relative element concentrations in aboveground tissues were at a peak during the spring sampling intervals with minimum levels during the fall. But the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the belowground tissues were relatively constant throughout growing season. Generally, trace metal concentrations in the aboveground tissues of S. mariqueter was the highest throughout the growing season, and the metal concentrations of S. alterniflora tissues (aboveground and belowground) were greater than those of P. australis. Furthermore, the aboveground pools of nutrients and metals were consistently greater for S. alterniflora than for P. australis and S. mariqueter, which suggested that the rapid replacement of native P. australis and S. mariqueter with invasive S. alterniflora would significantly improve the magnitude of nutrient cycling and bioavailability of trace metals in the salt marsh and maybe transport more toxic metals into the water column and the detrital food web in the estuary. 相似文献
14.
互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)作为入侵物种,对我国沿海滩涂生态环境造成不利影响。为筛选成本低、见效快的互花米草化学除控剂,本研究选取了草甘膦、草铵膦2种除草剂,采用盆栽与大田试验探讨除草剂剂量及复配对互花米草的除控效果,通过底栖生物白蛤(Mactra veneriformis)和青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)培养模拟实验评价其生态安全性。结果表明,单一施用时草铵膦效果要优于草甘膦,最佳用量是药剂制造商推荐量的150%,但单一施用对互花米草致死率仅为20%;复配可以显著提高互花米草致死率、降低生物量,草甘膦、草铵膦复配处理的大田试验最佳用量为9450 mL/hm2、13500 mL/hm2,致死率可达90%。底栖生物培养试验结果表明,在所应用的剂量范围内,草甘膦和草铵膦对本土底栖生物致死率为0,在体内略有富集,但总体生态安全影响较小。本研究着重于滨海湿地互花米草的化学除控方式及生物安全性评价,以期为今后互花米草的除控研究提供参考。 相似文献
15.
The concentration changes of 12 metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Fe, and Hg) in the soft tissues of Tapes philippinarum during growth were investigated. Clams were seeded in two contaminated areas of the Venice lagoon (San Giuliano and Fusina) and in an area of the Marano lagoon (Lignano Sabbiadoro) close to the clam-farm where the seed was produced. Metal trends were very different according to the considered element, the study site and the growth period.Arsenic was always higher in clam tissues than in surface sediments and suspended particles in all the three stations. Mercury, Cd and Cu were higher in the clams from Marano and Fusina but not in those from San Giuliano. Zinc and Co in clams exceeded the concentrations in the sediment and suspended particles only at Marano. The other elements (Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Fe) were always higher in SPM and sediments. In general metal concentrations in clams were more highly correlated to concentrations in the suspended particles rather than in the surface sediments and in suspended clams rather than in bottom clams, nevertheless significant differences between stations and contaminants were found. Metal concentrations in clams were always lower than the European regulatory limits. 相似文献
16.
互花米草的入侵与扩张占据了其他植物的生态位,在一定程度上,改变甚至破坏了滩涂景观,对原生生态系统造成了消极影响。利用2019-2021年Sentinel-2A影像,结合最大似然分类法与决策树分类法对杭州湾南岸互花米草等多种生境类型加以识别,并进一步讨论生境变迁对迁徙候鸟的影响。结果表明：（1）决策树分类法总体精度更高且细节信息更为丰富,但存在较为明显的漏分现象;（2） 2019-2021年互花米草分布范围不断扩大且空间分布愈发离散,严重侵占芦苇、光滩等生境的生态位,导致总体生境景观趋于破碎;（3）受互花米草入侵的影响,适宜鸻鹬类候鸟栖息的光滩与海三棱藨草生境面积锐减,整体生境状况愈发复杂多样,候鸟适宜生境面积呈明显减少趋势。 相似文献
17.
Nalinee Thongtham Erik Kristensen Som-Ying Puangprasan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,80(4):573-580
Field measurements on leaf removal by populations of sesarmid crabs at different locations in the Bangrong mangrove forest, Phuket, Thailand, indicated that crabs on average can remove 87% of the daily leaf litter fall by ingestion or burial. The removal rate is correlated positively with the number of crab burrows and negatively with tidal inundation time. The results from the field were supplemented with observations on the behavior of Neoepisesarma versicolor in laboratory microcosms and a mangrove mesocosm. N. versicolor feeds primarily at night and total time spent feeding was up to an order of magnitude higher in the artificial microcosms than under simulated in situ conditions in the mesocosm. Most of the time during both day and night was spent resting near the entrance or inside burrows. N. versicolor mainly feeds on mangrove leaves and scraps of food material from the sediment surface. This is supported by examinations of stomach content, which showed that 62% is composed of higher plant material and 38% of detritus and mineral particles from the sediment. The nutritive value of leaves and detritus is insufficient to maintain crab growth. Sesarmid crabs may instead obtain the needed nutrients by occasional consumption of nitrogen-rich animal tissues, such as carcasses of fish and crustaceans, as indicated by the presence of animal remains in the stomach and the willingness of crabs to consume fish meat. Laboratory experiments on leaf consumption and leaf preferences of N. versicolor indicate that they preferentially feed on brown leaves, if available, followed by green and yellow leaves. If all species of sesarmid crabs in the Bangrong mangrove forest consume leaves at the same rate as N. versicolor, they could potentially ingest 52% of the total litter fall. 相似文献
18.
调控淹水是控制入侵物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的物理措施之一。本项实验应用盐度为8的淹水,研究了互花米草生长期间的相关生理和生长参数对0、25、50、75和100cm梯度淹水胁迫的响应。实验结果表明,互花米草在25cm淹水胁迫下,其株高、叶片中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均显著高于同期对照组(p0.05);在50cm及以上的淹水胁迫下,互花米草的株高、叶片中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、可溶性糖含量均显著低于同期对照组(p0.05),生长季末无开花结穗。研究表明,低水位(50cm)淹水胁迫促进了其营养生长,对生殖生长无显著影响(p0.05);而高水位(≥50cm)淹水胁迫能有效地抑制互花米草营养和生殖生长,是控制互花米草扩散的有效水位。 相似文献
19.
为探讨互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵对三沙湾光滩、红树林湿地的生态影响,分别于2013年10月和2014年9月在三沙湾选择了2条互花米草断面、2条红树林断面和1条光滩进行底栖生物生态调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。经鉴定,该调查海域大型底栖动物共68种,隶属于7门40科,其中短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为互花米草区优势物种;宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplaxningpoensis)为光滩的优势物种;巴林虫(Barantollasp.)为红树林区优势物种。对各生境大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度组成进行双因素无重复方差分析(two-way ANOVA),结果显示不同生境大型底栖动物物种数差异极显著(P0.01),互花米草入侵红树林后,大型底栖动物物种数稍有下降,但是互花米草入侵光滩后,大型底栖动物物种数有所增加;不同生境大型底栖动物生物量差异极显著(P0.01),栖息密度差异不显著(P0.05)。利用大型底栖动物的ABC曲线分析群落结构的稳定性,显示光滩群落结构稳定,互花米草入侵后,优势物种变化显著,双齿围沙蚕数量迅速增加,降低了原有大型底栖动物群落结构的稳定性。除生境影响外,互花米草入侵的潮位区域、生长密度差异、入侵阶段等也均会对大型底栖动物造成影响。 相似文献
20.
Since an important fraction of the organic matter produced by salt marshes is decomposed in situ, macro-benthic communities are particularly exposed to the trace metals retained by these systems. Yet, few studies have investigated the macro-benthic communities using the between-root sediment habitat of the salt marsh halophytes (salt-tolerant plants), or the effect of trace metal pollution on its population dynamics. In the present study, samples were collected in vegetated and unvegetated sediment, in three salt marshes in the Tagus estuary, for trace metal concentration determination in the sediment and in the halophytes roots, grain size determination and macro-benthic organism identification. Data analysis revealed that the distribution of macro-benthic organisms is mainly determined by metal contamination, metal type and by the presence/absence of halophytes, not by the halophyte species. Five different associations were identified: resistant organisms were associated with the highest concentrations of lead (sediment); tolerant organisms with zinc, copper (sediment and roots) and lead (roots); cadmium in the sediment with a lack of macro-benthic life; sensitive organisms with low levels of metals except for cadmium in the roots; and macro-benthos typical of intertidal mudflats with unvegetated areas with low metal contamination. 相似文献