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2001—2002年粤东柘林湾浮游动物的生态学研究 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25
2001年4月-2002年4月,利用生态学方法对粤东柘林湾浮游动物进行的周年调查结果表明,粤东柘林湾浮游动物有桡足类34属60种,枝角类3属3种,及端足类、磷虾、糠虾、多毛类、毛颚类、被囊类、水母和各种浮游幼体虫.浮游动物的群落构成小型化趋势明显,因为体长不足0.6 mm的小型优势种强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)、短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)和鸟喙尖头(氵蚤)(Penilia avirostris)在浮游动物总个体数中所占比例合计高达57.1 %.浮游动物的种类数、总个体数和生物量的平面分布模式大体相似,即湾外大于湾内,外侧大于内侧,东部大于西部.总个体数与生物量的周年变化曲线与水温的变化趋势非常相似,高峰位于高温季节的8-9月,低谷位于冬季2月.调查期间柘林湾浮游动物非常丰富,年均总个体数达15.8×103 ind/m3,生物量达227.8mg*dW/m3.在单一调查年度内,浮游动物丰度与水温、浮游植物细胞数呈显著正相关关系.在不同年份,浮游动物丰度与浮游植物密度则表现为负相关的趋势. 相似文献
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大规模增养殖区柘林湾叶绿素a的时空分布 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
柘林湾是粤东一个大规模海水增养殖区和赤潮重灾区.2001年7月至2002年7月对柘林湾及其周边水域(共设19个站位)进行的叶绿素a含量周年调查结果表明,调查海区叶绿素a站位实测值年变化为0.01~3.26 mg/m3,均值为0.56 mg/m3.平面分布的基本格局表现为湾顶黄冈河内与湾口外侧海域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内的,湾内外侧和东部水域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内内侧和湾西部的.结合同步调查的水化数据得知,柘林湾是一个高营养盐、低叶绿素的海湾,其原因可能与高密度、大规模海水增养殖业引起的水流不畅、水下光照减弱和养殖贝类的摄食等有关.柘林湾叶绿素a含量的季节变化显著,最高值出现在2001年夏季8月,最低值出现在冬季1月和2002年7月,其中2002年7月的叶绿素a含量仅为2001年7月的1/10左右.这种巨大的年际间变化显然与2001~2002年厄尔尼诺现象导致粤东地区于2002年春夏期间气候异常、干旱少雨、径流剧减和调查海区浊度大幅升高有关. 相似文献
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The Zhelin Bay is one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province, China. Owing to the increasing human population and the expanding mariculture in the last two decades, the ecological environment has greatly changed with frequent harmful algal blooms. A monthly survey of water content, organic matter （TOM）, and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous in sediment from July 2002 to July 2003 in the bay was conducted. The results showed that the water content was correlated significantly with TOM and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and can be used as proxy for quick and rough estimate of these factors in the future surveys. TOM was also correlated significantly with various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that it was one of the key factors affecting the concentrations and distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the investigated waters. Average total Kjeldhal nitrogen （TkN） content was（ 1 113.1 ± 382.5）μg/g and average total phosphorus （TP） content was（567.2± 223.3）μg/g, and both were much higher than those of similar estuaries in China and elsewhere. Average nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be higher inside than outside the bay, higher at aquaculture than non-aquaculture areas, and higher at fish-cage culture than oyster culture areas, suggesting that large-scale mariculture inside the bay played an important role in the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher during the warm season （July--September）, which was due to the increased decomposition and concentration of organic matter resulted from the fast growth and high mortality of the cultured species. Compared with July 2002, TkN and TP contents were much higher in July 2003, in consonance with the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Because exchangeable phosphorus （Ex-P）, iron-bounded phos- phorus （Fe-P） and organic phosphorus （OP） combined accounted for 34.3% of the TP and authigenic phosphorus （Au-P 相似文献
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柘林湾是粤东地区规模最大的海水增养殖区,近20年来水体富营养化情况日益加重,赤潮频繁发生。2002年7月至2003年7月对该湾9个站位表层沉积物中的含水量(W)、有机质(TOM)和不同形态的氮(TkN,NH4+)与磷(Ex-P,Fe-P,Au-P,De-P,OP)进行每月一次的周年调查。结果显示,表层沉积物中的含水量和有机质及不同形态的氮、磷均呈现极显著意义的正相关关系,今后可用含水量直接对这些指标进行粗略估算。有机质与氮、磷呈显著意义的正相关关系,表明有机质是影响氮、磷含量和分布的重要因素之一。凯氏氮(TkN)和总磷(TP)的总平均值分别为(1113.1±382.5)μg/g和(567.2±223.3)μg/g,显著高于国内外许多同类型的海湾。各形态氮、磷含量年均值的平面分布呈现湾内(除S1,S7站外)高于湾外、养殖区高于非养殖区、网箱渔排养殖区高于牡蛎养殖区的总体趋势,说明湾内大规模增养殖业对海湾富营养化进程起着重要的作用。各形态氮、磷含量均于盛夏至初秋的高温季节(7-9月)处于年度峰值,这与该季节养殖动物处于生长旺期与高死亡率所造成的生物碎屑增多和有机质分解加速有关。与2002年7月相比,2003年7月的TkN和TP均出现大幅升高,与水体富营养化程度不断加重的趋势相符。此外,自生磷(Au-P)年平均占TP的49.2%,是该湾沉积物中最主要的磷形态。由于水体富营养化能导致沉积物的pH降低,继而促进Au-P中的自生钙氟磷灰石和碳酸钙所结合的磷释放进入水体,因而表层沉积物中高浓度的Au-P可能成为此类海湾富营养化水平加剧和赤潮大规模暴发加剧的隐患。 相似文献
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象山港冬季浮游动物的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2002年12月象山港海区的浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特征及其与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,象山港海区出现浮游动物44种,可以划分为4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐性类群的种类较多,其优势种有真刺唇角水蚤Labidoceraeuchaeta、驼背隆哲水蚤Acro-calanusgibber、中华哲水蚤Calanussinicus、中华假磷虾Pseudeuphausiasinica和拿卡箭虫Sagittanagae等,半咸水河口类群、暖水性外海类群和广盐暖水性类群的种数均较少。浮游动物生物量的分布趋势与丰度的一致。湾顶部水域浮游动物的生物量和丰度都出现最高值,从湾顶部往湾口方向,浮游动物的生物量和丰度均呈逐渐降低的趋势。象山港海区周日连续站观测的结果显示,夜间半日潮时浮游动物的生物量和丰度均高于白昼半日潮时,低平潮时浮游动物的生物量与丰度均出现了最高值。 相似文献
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LIU Zhensheng ZHANG Zhinan WANG Chunsheng JIN Haiyan DU Mingmin ZHANG Dongsheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(6):104-116
Seasonal variations in zooplankton abundance,biomass,species diversity and community structure were investigated in the Sanmen Bay,China.Samples were collected from 15 stations,on the seasonal basis,in April(spring),July(summer) and October 2005(autumn) and January 2006(winter),respectively.The results show that zooplankton species number,abundance and biomass varied widely and had distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Sanmen Bay.A total of 72 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 17 groups of pelagic larvae were identified.The zooplankton species richness was strongly related to salinity.Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,zooplankton in this study area were classified into three groups:coastal,neritic and pelagic groups,which corresponded to the upper,middle and lower portion of the Sanmen Bay,respectively.The coastal low-saline species were dominant in the study area.The zooplankton abundance and biomass reached a peak in summer,moderate in spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.Zooplankton abundance decreased from the upper to lower portion of the bay in April,when the highest biomass occurred in the middle portion of the bay.There were the same spatial distribution patterns for the biomass and abundance in July,with the maximum in the middle of the bay.However,zooplankton abundance was the highest in the middle of the bay in October,when maximum biomass occurred near the lower of the bay.Zooplankton abundance and biomass were evenly distributed in the Sanmen Bay in January.Spatial and temporal variations in zooplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were also analyzed.The BIOENV results indicate that the combination of chlorophyll a(Chl-a),salinity,dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved oxygen(DO) and silicate(SiO3) was responsible for the variations in zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay.The environmental changes played an important role in changes in the zooplankton community structure in the Sanmen Bay. 相似文献
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This study examined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments collected in July 2004 from eight stations in the Zhelin Bay, one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province. Thirteen individual parent PAH compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall average concentration of total PAHs was 477.0 ng/g, ranging from 146.1 to 928.8 ng/g. Low molecular mass PAHs with two to three rings (e.g., acenaphthene) were dominant in each sample. The PAH concentration varied among sampling stations, with the highest concentration observed at bay outlets and the lowest found at stations outside the bay. Ratios of low to high molecular mass PAHs and fluoranthene to pyrene were used to determine the origin of PAHs, and results indicated mainly petroleum-derived contamination. Compared with other bays and harbors around the world, the total concentrations of PAHs in surface sediments at the Zhelin Bay are moderate, but this does not exclude the possibility of potential impact on human consumers because some strong carcinogenic PAHs with high molecular mass were found at the station with a nearby caged-fish and oyster farm. Long-term monitoring of PAH contamination in the Zhelin Bay is recommended to reduce the potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and humans. 相似文献
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Mesozooplankton composition and distribution were investigated by Juday net hauls in the Pechora Sea (south-eastern Barents Sea) in July 2001. A total of 66 taxa were identified. The total mesozooplankton abundance varied between 2416 ind m−2 in the northern part and 1458?935 ind m−2 in the south. The biomass ranged between 81 and 19?078 mg DW m−2. Three groups differed greatly in composition, abundance and biomass as delineated by cluster analysis. Copepod species Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus species and Limnocalanus macrurus dominated in terms of the total biomass within each single cluster. There were significant Spearman rank correlations between mesozooplankton abundance and oceanographic variables, and phytoplankton concentration. Salinity was the main factor affecting the mesozooplankton distribution in the coastal waters, while temperature had greater influence on the abundance and biomass in the central and northern parts. The mean mesozooplankton biomass in the region was higher in comparison with some previous investigations probably due to higher water temperature in summer 2001. 相似文献
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福建罗源湾浮游桡足类的分布 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文利用1986年11月至1987年10月在福建罗源湾采集的浮游生物样品,分析研究了该海区桡足类的种类组成和数量分布。结果表明,其优势种大网为中华哲水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤,中网为强额拟哲水蚤、小型拟哲水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤。桡足类总量年高峰大、中网分别为2个和1个。中网桡足类与叶绿素a、温度和盐度等因素显著相关。 相似文献
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Based on our long-term data from megabenthos sampling from 1993 to 2002 in Ise Bay, central Japan, we examined spatio-temporal variations in taxon composition, species richness and its distribution of megabenthos in the bay in relation to the occurrence of the oxygen-poor water (i.e. oxygen content less than 3 ppm) in bottom waters of the bay. A total of 261 species were identified including 6 cnidarians, 1 tentaculate, 5 annelids, 71 molluscs, 72 crustaceans, 16 echinoderms, 12 urochordates and 78 pisces. Of the most abundant 10 megabenthos species, the following 4 species of echinoderms made up more than the half of megabenthos biomass: Luidia quinaria, Echinocardium cordatum, Asterias amurensis and Astropecten scoparius. Species richness of megabenthos varied significantly between seasons and among stations. The severity and period of occurrence of the oxygen-poor water developing every summer play an important role in determining spatial distributions of species richness in the bay. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton in the Pearl River estuary, China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
This paper examines spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass and community structure during three cruises of July 2002 (summer), January 2003 (winter), and April 2003 (spring) in the Pearl River estuary, China. Zooplankton abundance and biomass fluctuated widely and showed distinct heterogeneity in the Pearl River estuary. A total of 154 species were identified during three surveys. The number of zooplankton species richness was strongly linked to salinity. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three zooplankton groups during this study. Estuarine, neritic and pelagic groups corresponded to the upper, middle and lower reaches in the Pearl River estuary. The difference among groups could be mainly ascribed to changes in the relative contributions of the dominant species. The fluctuations in the zooplankton abundance, biomass and community structure were determined by the interactive effects of freshwater inflow, tidal and coastal currents, chlorophyll a, salinity and temperature. Significant spatial variability in the distribution of zooplankton species, abundance and biomass can be ascribed to the virtual presence of a horizontal gradient in salinity. 相似文献
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莱州湾游泳动物群落结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据2010和2011年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）、秋季（10月）和冬季（12月）进行的8航次调查数据，研究了莱州湾游泳动物群落格局及其与环境因子关系。结果显示，调查共捕获游泳动物85种，2011年生物量略高于2010年；生物量季节间差别较大，各季节生物量排序为夏季、秋季、冬季和春季；不同年间相同季节生物量差异多不显著（秋季除外）；除2010年春季外，其余季节均为鱼类生物量最高，甲壳类次之，头足类最低；从全年调查平均值来看，莱州湾西侧游泳动物生物量（60.2 kg/h）明显高于东侧（33.4 kg/h）。根据8航次31个主要种类生物量聚类分析，莱州湾20调查站位可划分为4组：组I由位于调查海域东南的3个站位组成，组II由位于调查海域东部及中部的8个站位组成，组III由调查海域西北部（黄河口南侧）的3个站位组成，组IV由西部6个站位组成。组I浮游植物丰度、浮游动物生物量、游泳动物生物量和游泳动物多样性指数在各组中均最低，而底栖动物生物量最高；组III和组IV的浮游植物丰度、浮游动物生物量以及游泳动物生物量高于组I和组II。ANOSIM分析表明，各聚类组间群落结构虽有不同，但差异并不显著。DCCA分析表明，温度、盐度、底栖动物生物量以及浮游植物丰度是影响游泳动物群落的重要因子。研究表明，目前莱州湾游泳动物群落总生物量处于较低水平，特别是春季生物量下降尤为严重；生物量的季节分布发生了较大的改变，春季生物量极低，夏季生物量相对较高；底层鱼类比例下降的趋势有所逆转，头足类比例明显增加。莱州湾游泳动物群落格局异质性较低，可能与莱州湾生境异质性低以及人类剧烈干扰密切相关。 相似文献
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乐清湾水环境特征及富营养化成因分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据2002-2003年乐清湾海域春、夏、秋、冬4个航次的调查资料,分析了乐清湾海域水化学要素在不同季节的分布和变化特征,探讨了陆源污水、海水养殖自身污染与富营养化的关系.结果表明,乐清湾水域DIN和DIP浓度全年平均分别为0.630mg/dm^3和0.039mg/dm^3秋、冬季几乎100%测站属劣四类水质,春、夏季近90%超过四类水质标准.水体营养状态指数（E）值各季平均在4～9,呈严重富营养化状态.研究指出沿岸工农业废水、生活污水的排放及水产养殖业的无序、无度发展是造成该水域严重富营养化的三个主要原因.认为目前乐清湾水质已不能满足该海域功能区划提出的要求,必须进行综合整治. 相似文献
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乐清湾海域浮游动物群落分布的季节变化特征及其环境影响因子 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2006年10月、2007年1月、4月及7月对乐清湾海域浮游动物群落的种类组成、优势种、生态类群、水平分布的季节性变化特征进行了调查,分析了浮游动物群落分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在调查海域共鉴定出浮游动物82种(包括浮游幼体11种),隶属于15大类,其中秋季为46种、夏季为42种、春季为25种和冬季为16种。乐清湾浮游动物可分为近岸低盐类群、暖水性近海类群、暖温带近海类群和暖水性广布类群4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐类群在全年均占优势,其它类群则呈现明显的季节变化。中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、真刺唇角水蚤Labidocera euchaeta、针刺拟哲水蚤Paracalanus aculeatus和背针胸刺水蚤Centropages dorsispinatus为调查海域主要优势种。浮游动物生物量年平均值为82.7mg/m3,其大小依序为:夏季(121.1mg/m3)>秋季(119.2mg/m3)>春季(48.5mg/m3)>冬季(42.2mg/m3);丰度年平均值为82.1个/m3,其大小依序为:夏季(193.4个/m3)>秋季(73.7个/m3)>春季(53.4个/m3)>冬季(9.8个/m3)。相同季节浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布趋势类似,季节间则存在明显差异。相关性分析结果表明,浮游动物物种数与水温、盐度、叶绿素a质量浓度和浮游植物细胞密度均呈极显著相关;丰度与水温、叶绿素a质量浓度和浮游植物细胞密度呈极显著相关;生物量与水温、叶绿素a质量浓度呈极显著相关。与历史资料相比,近30a来浮游动物数量呈下降趋势,但群落结构和组成没有发生明显改变。 相似文献
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深沪湾大型底栖动物群落及其次级生产力初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年1、4月和2008年8月共3个季节在深沪湾潮下带10个取样站定量采集大型底栖动物．根据各个季节获得的大型底栖动物栖息丰度和生物量，采用Brey（1990）的经验公式进行了大型底栖动物次级生产力和P/B值的计算，得出深沪湾潮下带大型底栖动物年平均次级生产力和P／B值分别为0．599g（AFDW）／（m^2·a）和1．561．深沪湾大型底栖动物生物量和平均次级生产力的空间分布为湾顶〉湾中〉湾口．与2000年以来我国近海港湾和河口相关研究结果比较，深沪湾大型底栖动物群落的生态特点是栖息丰度、生物量和次级生产力低，但种类多样性指数较高．这些特征与深沪湾面积小、水动力强和沙质沉积物等环境因素有关． 相似文献