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1.
大连湾水域浮游桡足类的分布 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文根据１９８２年４月至１９８３年５月在大连湾周年生态调查中获得的资料，分析了大连湾浮游桡足类的数量分布和季节变化。结果表明，大连湾共有浮游桡足类２２种，其中优势种大网为中华哲水蚤Ｃａｌａｎｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ；中网为小拟哲小蚤Ｐａｒｕｃａｌａｕｎｓｐａｒｕｎｓ、拟长腹剑水蚤Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ、短角长腹剑水蚤Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ。桡足类总量年高峰，大、中网各有２次，最高峰分 相似文献
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本文根据１９８２年４月至１９８３年５月在大连湾周年生态调查中获得的资料，分析了大连湾浮游桡足类的数量分布和季节变化。结果表明，大连湾共有浮游桡足类２２种，其中优势种大网为中华哲水蚤Ｃａｌａｎｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ；中网为小拟哲水蚤Ｐａｒｕｃａｌａｎｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓ、拟长腹剑水蚤Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ、短角长腹剑水蚤Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ。桡足类总量年高峰，大、中同各有２次，最高峰分别为２月和８月。本文还讨论了几种环境因素对浮游桡足类分布的影响。 相似文献
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小型桡足类在海洋生态系统中的功能作用 总被引：32，自引：10，他引：32
依据渤海周年的中型浮游动物网样品 ,研究了小型桡足类的优势种小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanusparvus)、强额拟哲水蚤 (Paracalanuscrassirostris)和双刺纺锤水蚤 (Acartiabifilosa)生物量的季节变动、分布和年产量 ,并与渤海大型桡足类的优势种中华哲水蚤 (Calanussinicus)进行了比较。结果表明 ,三种小型桡足类成体的年产量分别为 2 4 .89、1 0 .83和 1 9.5 4mgC/(m3·a) ,中华哲水蚤的年产量为 1 8.30mgC/(m3·a)。小型桡足类主要分布在近岸 ,特别是渤海湾和莱州湾 ,这里正好是许多经济鱼类的产卵场和育幼场 ;而中华哲水蚤主要分布在中央水域。小型桡足类的高峰季节持续时间长 ,从 4月到 1 0月 ,覆盖了几乎所有仔稚鱼大量出现的月份 ;而中华哲水蚤高峰季节持续时间短 ,仅 6月和 7月。另外 ,在粒度上 ,小型桡足类的卵、无节幼体、桡足幼体和成体都比中华哲水蚤等大型桡足类小了一个数量级 (按体积计 ) ,特别适合作为仔稚鱼的饵料。因此认为 ,在近海生态系统中 ,小型桡足类较之大型桡足类起更为重要的作用 相似文献
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2000—2002年6月在黄海西南侧、山东半岛南部鳀鱼产卵场专项调查中,由底至表垂直拖网获得浮游生物中网(网孔径160μm)浮游动物样品,作者就该产卵场内四种主要小型桡足类(体长<1mm)双刺纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤和近缘大眼剑水蚤的数量分布进行分析。在连续三年的6月,测区内均以小拟哲水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤数量最多。四种小型桡足类的数量空间分布虽有一定的种间、年间差异,但总体上来说,四种小型桡足类的密集中心大多分布于山东半岛沿岸或近苏北浅滩沿岸水域。相关性分析表明,双刺纺锤水蚤和近缘大眼剑水蚤与底层水温呈正相关,与盐度呈负相关,拟长腹剑水蚤与底层水温呈负相关,与盐度呈正相关。小拟哲水蚤与温度的相关性较大。双刺纺锤水蚤和小拟哲水蚤与鳀鱼仔、稚鱼的数量分布有着较为显著的正相关。 相似文献
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三亚湾秋季桡足类分布与种类组成及对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
秋季(11月底),桡足类针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanusaculeatus)和拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus)幼体为三亚湾优势种;强额孔雀哲水蚤(Pavocalanuscrassirostris)对浮游植物现存量的平均日摄食压力最大,各站平均为叶绿素a的(6.79±6.82)%,其次是针刺拟哲水蚤,平均为(5.97±5.67)%,亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanussubcrassus)对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力较低,平均为(2.20±2.33)%,桡足类在秋季对浮游植物的日摄食压力占叶绿素a的(22.31±18.92)%。三亚湾属于生产力偏低的海区,对初级生产力的摄食压力以中型浮游动物针刺拟哲水蚤、锯缘拟哲水蚤(Paracalanusserrulus)、红纺锤水蚤(Acartiaerythraea)、微驼背隆哲水蚤(Acro calanusgracilis)和驼背隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanusgibber)为主,小型浮游动物的摄食压力也占一定的比例。 相似文献
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为探明升温速率对桡足类热忍受能力的影响, 并找出一个相对合适的升温速率作为其高起始致死温度(upper incipient lethal temperature, UILT)试验中的标准升温速率, 研究了中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、真刺唇角水蚤Labidocera euchaeta、精致真刺水蚤Euchaeta concinna和背针胸刺水蚤Centropages dorsispinatus等4种桡足类在1℃·h-1、0.1℃·min-1、1℃·min-1和突然暴露等4个不同升温速率下的UILT.结果表明, 同一种桡足类在不同升温速率下的热忍受能力存在较大的差异, 各种桡足类的UILT均在升温速率为0.1℃·min-1时最大, 高于或低于该升温速率, 其UILT都降低.因此, 建议桡足类UILT实验的标准升温速率为0.1℃·min-1.在0.1℃·min-1的标准升温速率下, 各种桡足类的热忍受能力从强到弱依次为真刺唇角水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、精致真刺水蚤、中华哲水蚤, 其24h-UILT分别为31.0℃、29.6℃、29.1℃和27.7℃, 48h-UILT分别为30.1℃、29.5℃、28.6℃和27.3℃, 各种桡足类的热忍受能力间均有显著差异. 相似文献
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洋山港浮游桡足类群落的周年变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了洋山港海域桡足类的周年生态特征。结果显示,洋山港桡足类的优势种为四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona tetraspina)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、小毛猛水蚤(Microsetellanorvegica)、瘦拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus gracilis)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus);桡足类丰度季节变化显著(F=2.11,P<0.05),春(28.44个/L±19.16个/L)>夏(18.60个/L±14.81个/L)>冬(10.98个/L±3.65个/L)>秋(10.57个/L±4.45个/L);生物量则为夏(12359.1 mg/L±18438.1 mg/L)>秋(7796.6 mg/L±1348.6 mg/L)>冬(2944.8 mg/L±1680.9 mg/L)>春(1401.0 mg/L±1057.3 mg/L)。桡足类丰度的周年变化呈现双峰型特征,生物量变化呈现单峰型特征。多变量分析显示,优势种的数量变化对洋山港桡足类群落丰度和生物量的季节变化起主要作用。小洋山码头受人类干扰严重,桡足类丰度和多样性与大洋山码头已出现差异,春、冬季小洋山码头的多样性指数(H′)高于大洋山码头,除秋季外,小洋山码头的均匀度指数(J)都高于大洋山码头。 相似文献
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分别于2011年5和10月对乳山湾及邻近海域进行2个航次的调查,共采集到桡足类28种,其中春季22种,秋季20种。主要优势种为小拟哲水蚤、克氏纺锤水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤和强额拟哲水蚤等。春季桡足类平均丰度为13 967.19ind/m3,秋季为12 044.52ind/m3,春季航次浮游动物丰度平面分布呈现以湾口为低值中心同时向湾内和湾外递增的趋势,秋季则呈现以乳山湾西流区为高值中心向四周逐渐递减的趋势。调查海区春季多样性指数H′平均值为2.156,秋季为2.122,该指数在春季航次与盐度呈现显著的负相关,在秋季,该指数则与温度和盐度呈现显著的正相关。在两个季节中香农威纳指数与浮游植物密度的相关性均不显著。研究表明,调查海域桡足类多为适应低盐环境的生态类群,其平面分布深受水环境条件的影响,整体呈现出季节性和地域性的双重差异。 相似文献
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根据2004年2月10日-3月6日(冬季)和8月26日-9月6日(夏季)在南海北部的两个航次中用浮游动物大网垂直拖网采集的浮游动物样品,对该海域的浮游桡足类群落进行分析。结果表明,共发现哲水蚤类70种,冬季航次62种,夏季航次62种,种类的季节变化不大。在海洋站位,每个站位出现的哲水蚤类为4-41种,近岸的站位出现的种数少,向远海逐渐增多。哲水蚤总丰度冬季为10-353个/m3,夏季为13-205个/m3,从近岸到远海减少。哲水蚤生物量干重冬季为0.80-33.39mg/m3,夏季为0.64-5.81mg/m3,从近岸到远海减少。种类多样性指数采用香农-威弗指数,冬季为0.80-4.39,夏季为2.12-4.66,在近岸较低,远海较大。优势度大于2%的种被认为是优势种。冬季的优势种为:中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、狭额真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subtenuis)、弓角基齿水蚤(Clausocalanus arcuicornis)、长尾基齿水蚤(Clausocalanus furcatus)、达氏波水蚤(Cosmocalanus darwini)。夏季的优势种(类)为:微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)、小哲水蚤(Nannocalanus minor)、狭额真哲水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、小拟哲水蚤、锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、柱形宽水蚤(T.stylifera)、异尾宽水蚤(T.discaudata)。这些种在各个站位占总丰度的15%-92%(平均为48%)。优势度大于5%的种有中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、狭额真哲水蚤、锥形宽水蚤、异尾宽水蚤,各种的丰度(除狭额真哲水蚤外)从近岸向远海降低。在远海深水的站位,出现了热带暖水种乳点水蚤属的腹突乳点水蚤(Pleuromamma abdominalis)、瘦乳点水蚤(P.gracilis)和粗乳点水蚤(P.robusta)。哲水蚤目种丰富度、桡足类丰度、多样性指数、优势种丰度从近岸到远海的变化趋势,反映了桡足类群落从近岸到远海的演替。 相似文献
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渤海强壮箭虫摄食的初步研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
阐明了强壮箭虫营浮游动物食物，主要捕食桡足类。真刺唇角水量、双刺唇角水蚤和小拟哲水蚤是它的主要捕食对象。强壮箭虫有同种相残的弱性，但发生频率不高。其消化道内的小颗粒硅藻和甲藻并非由它主动摄入。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(11-12):2619-2644
Mesozooplankton biomass, species composition, abundance, and vertical distribution were determined along a transect from the continental slope off the west coast of Canada to Ocean Station Papa (OSP) in the open-ocean waters of the NE subarctic Pacific as part of the Canadian Joint Global Ocean Flux Study of this area. All of these measurements had distinct seasonal patterns. At OSP biomass peaked in spring, coincident with the annual biomass maximum of large copepods of the genus Neocalanus. Early copepodites of these copepods were present in surface waters at all stations along the transect in winter, but N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri copepodites were only at the offshore stations in spring. This indicated that these large copepods had completed the growth phase of their life cycle slower in the open ocean than closer to shore where they had already descended to deep water by May or June. Summer biomass was low compared to the spring peak. The summer mesozooplankton abundance was similar to the springtime abundance, but the composition had changed from large-bodied copepods in the spring to small copepods and fewer non-copepod taxa in the summer, which accounts for the reduction in total biomass. Winter biomass was the lowest of the year. Winter species composition was similar to summer except for the appearance of juvenile stages of the genera Neocalanus and Calanus. Diel changes in biomass in the upper 150 m were found in summer but not in winter or spring. Vertical distributions of copepods were often distinct, with closely related species occupying different depth strata. Measurements of wet weight at OSP were higher than the long-term mean wet weight during winter and spring, and lower during summer. 相似文献
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Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Whereas the data on mesozooplankton in the epipelagic offshore Mediterranean Sea are extensive, less information is available about plankton in the deeper layers. The present study aims to describe the vertical and horizontal structure and distribution of mesozooplankton species and their associations down to 1,200 m in the water of the Southern Adriatic Sea. Zooplankton were sampled using a Nansen net of 200‐μm mesh size during two cruises in the winters of 2015 and 2016, extending from the coast to the open sea. In total, 203 zooplankton taxa were identified. The community was dominated by copepods, representing between 67% and 91% of the total abundance. The highest total densities were recorded in the upper layers where a high proportion (up to 36%) of appendicularians was also observed in the first sampled year. Five groups of samples were determined based on their community structure. In 2015 communities were distinct between the 0 and 50 m layer and the underlying one (50–100 m), whereas in 2016 epipelagic waters were inhabited by a more uniform mesozooplankton community. The mesopelagic and deep‐water fauna, especially copepods, showed a relatively stable composition in both sampling years Overall, our study confirms the oligotrophic character of the Southern Adriatic, with occasional density outbreaks of appendicularians under favourable conditions. 相似文献
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南极夏季南设得兰群岛周边海域浮游动物优势种群的分布、丰度及种群结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2013/2014年夏季在南极南设得兰群岛周边海域使用北太平洋网采样品及同步环境调查资料,分析了南极大磷虾(Euphausia superba)、拟长臂樱磷虾(Thysanoessa macrura)、尖角似哲水蚤(Calanoides acutus)和近缘哲水蚤(Calanus propinquus)这四种优势浮游动物的丰度和分布特征。结果表明,南极大磷虾和拟长臂樱磷虾在南设得兰海域均有较为广泛的分布,其中南极大磷虾丰度较高,且它们的水平分布存在一定程度的空间分离。在研究海域东部的南奥克尼群岛(South Orkneys)邻近海域发现了大量的南极大磷虾原蚤状C期幼体,表明大磷虾曾于1月中上旬左右产卵繁殖。研究海域的东部南极大磷虾种群结构以幼体前期为主,而西部的种群结构则以幼体后期、未成体和成体为主。尖角似哲水蚤和近缘哲水蚤的空间分布也较为广泛,且两者分布基本一致。东部南奥克尼群岛临近海域的浮游植物浓度较低,这可能是大量南极大磷虾幼体和桡足类摄食活动的结果。 相似文献
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《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):325-338
One hundred and eighty-four of the 250 estuaries in South Africa are currently classified as temporarily open/closed and close off from the sea during the dry season, under low river inflow. The subtropical Mdloti Estuary, on the KwaZulu-Natal north coast, is one of these systems and hardly any information is available on its meiofauna. The abundance, biomass, composition, and grazing impact of meiofauna, as well as the key environmental factors that affect these variables, were investigated with emphasis on the contrast between open and closed phases of the estuary. Microphytobenthic chlorophyll a concentrations varied between 1.4 to 480 mg m−2. Meiofauna were composed of nematodes, harpacticoid copepods, crustacean nauplii, mites, turbellarians, polychaetes, oligochaetes, ostracods and chironomids. Total abundance of meiofauna showed large variability both spatially and temporally and ranged from 0.4 to 88×104 ind. m−2. Nematodes, mites and harpacticoid copepods occurred more often than other groups in the sediment. Total meiofauna carbon biomass exhibited similar temporal as well as spatial patterns as abundance and varied from 0.5 to 440 mg C m−2. A carbon-based grazing model, applied to the total meiofauna, provided estimates of potential daily ingestion rates ranging from 1.8 to 857 mg C m−2. Nematodes, mites and harpacticoid copepods contributed the most to the total potential daily ingestion rate of meiofauna in the Mdloti Estuary. Potential ingestion rates, determined using allometric equations, showed that meiofauna consumed from 0.1 to 254% of the microphytobenthic standing stock. Overall, meiofauna were likely not food limited and grazing on microphytobenthos was low, averaging 11% for the whole survey. A principal component analysis, applied to the whole study area and sampling period, indicated that major variations in meiofaunal community are mainly controlled by temperature and the state of the estuary's mouth (i.e. open/closed). Typically, meiofauna abundance in the estuary peaked after periods of prolonged mouth closure and decreased dramatically after the breaching of the estuary at the mouth. 相似文献
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Abundance and biomass of meiobenthos in the spawning ground of anchovy (Engraulis japanicus) in the southern Huanghai Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 Introduction Meiofauna is an important group in benthic small food web energetically due to their small size, high abundance and fast turnover rates. The production of meiofauna is equal to or higher than that of macrofau- na in estuaries, shallow waters and deep sea (Gerlach, 1971; Platt and Warwick, 1980; Heip et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 2004). A role of meiofauna may be the recycling of nutrients. Marine nematodes may keep the bacterial colonies on sand grains in active phase of growth … 相似文献
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莱州湾夏季浮游桡足类的摄食研究 总被引：23，自引：8，他引：15
于１９９７年７月有（１９－２４日）和小湖（２６－３０日）期间在莱州湾对不同大小桡足类自然群体（大型：〉５００ｍｍ,小型：２００－５００ｍｍ）的分布及肠道色素含量进行了现场测定,并在一个４８ｈ连续观测站（Ａ４）进行了肠道排空率和摄食节律实验。结果表明,浮动物肠道色素含量随个体的增大而增加,大型桡足类存在着一定的昼夜摄食节律,摄食高峰出现在夜间,小型桡足类摄食切律不明显。Ａ４站测得的桡足类摄食结果表明 相似文献
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Camilla Svensen Lena Seuthe Yulia Vasilyeva Anna Pasternak Edmond Hansen 《Progress in Oceanography》2011,91(4):534-544
We investigated zooplankton distribution in September 2006/2007 at eight stations across Fram Strait in contrasting water masses ranging from cold Polar water to warm Atlantic water. Our main objectives were: (1) to describe the plankton community in the upper 200 m during autumn, and (2) to investigate the importance of small-sized copepods and protozooplankton in an arctic ecosystem when the majority of the large Calanus species had entered diapause. We sampled both with a WP-2 net and Go-Flo bottle and show that small copepods <1 mm are significantly undersampled using a WP-2 net with 90 μm mesh.Small copepods and protozooplankton made a significant contribution both in terms of abundance and total zooplankton biomass at all stations in September, when the large calanoid copepods had left the upper 200 m. The dominating group in the upper 60 m at all stations was Oithona spp. nauplii and their daily estimated grazing potential on the <10 μm phytoplankton ranged from 0.1% to 82% of the standing stock. Both Oithona copepodites and nauplii biomass showed a significantly positive relation with temperature, but not with potential food. Heterotrophic protozooplankton, on the other hand, were most likely bottom-up regulated by the availability of phytoplankton <10 μm. We hypothesise that Oithona nauplii and protozooplankton compete for food and conclude that there was a strong link between the zooplankton community and the microbial food web in Fram Strait. 相似文献