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1.
景振华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1978,(1)
本文在仅考虑铅直湍流的情况下,提出一种计算海流流速及予报海流流速的理论及方法。是在海流基本上是由海洋内部密度分布及海面风力和气压作用下形成的认识下,依据一定的事实,先行确定水平压强梯度力及铅直湍流动力粘滞系量,而后计算定常恒速海流及予报海流流速的。在建立海流流速予报方程解时,除了要求得流速随时间变化的解,尚需求得海水密度随时间变化的解。在海水密度随时间的变化予知的情况下,即可依据予知的风速及降水、蒸发差等随时间的变化,予报海流。曾对东中国海黑潮流系进行了定常恒速水平流速的计算。 相似文献
2.
为了在考虑到(1)产生海流的大气作用;(2)湍流粘滞系量值是计算的而不是假设的;(3)海洋具有实际可变的而非常量的深度等情况下,较易地计算出特别是铅直坐标函数的海流速度,本文提出一种大气-海洋三层模式。近似中性层结状态的大气被考虑是两个层的组合,第一层是紧贴海面的湍流边界层,第二层是位于第一层之上的Ekman层。仅考虑铅直湍流的海洋,被看成是从海面到海底的一整层。海面风应力分布和海洋中海水密 相似文献
3.
影响北极冰下海洋Ekman漂流垂直结构与深度因素的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ekman漂流是上层海洋普遍存在的一种运动形式。本文提出了用实测温盐数据计算冰下Ekman流速的计算方法,与2010年北极考察期间同步获取的海流剖面数据进行比较,获得了满意的结果。基于这个结果,可以通过比较容易获得的温盐数据,计算Ekman漂流垂直结构。海水层化的存在导致在跃层处湍流黏性系数减小,强烈抑制了流速的向下传播,致使Ekman漂流在跃层处完全消失。结果表明,冬季上层海洋漂流会发生在较大的深度上,而夏季海冰拖曳引起的漂流只能达到20～30m的深度。Ekman漂流的深度只与跃层的深度有关,与海冰的漂移速度无关。漂流层变浅意味着海冰拖曳做功产生的能量不能进入海洋深处,而是在很浅的表层水体内积聚,有利于加剧海冰的底部融化。计算湍流黏性系数通常需要密度剖面和流速剖面的观测结果,在只有密度剖面的情况下,可以采用本文的方法计算Ekman漂流,获得上层海洋的湍流黏性系数剖面。 相似文献
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海面倾斜与高程基准密切相关,它已经受到大地测量学界和海洋学界的重视.进一步讨论了大地水准的测量精度,指出了大地(几何)水准与沿海验潮资料的不符是由于海面的倾斜;分析了海面倾斜的机理,其中包括海流、海水密度分布、气压、台风引起的破碎波等的作用;提出了用海水异常密度的三维分布计算大地水准面的扰动,实质上它反映了海面的倾斜,该量占大地水准测量结果的73%,这进一步说明密度的异常乃是我国沿海海面倾斜的主要原因. 相似文献
6.
高程基准与海面倾斜密切相关,它已经受到大地测量学界和海洋学界的重视,本文进一步讨论了大地水准的测量精度,指出了大地(几何)水准与沿海验潮资料的不符是由于海面的倾斜;分析了海面倾斜主要来自海流、海水密度分布、台风引起的破碎波等的作用;提出并根据海水异常密度的分布计算出大地水准面的改正,实质上它反映了海面的倾斜,该量占大地水准测量结果的三分之二,这说明密度的扰动乃是我国近海海面倾斜的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
迄今为止的调查研究表明,海洋中的海流,特别是那些流速较大的强流:大都以地转流为其主要成份。因此,可以根据地转关系,应用观测所得的海水质量分布(即温、盐度或密度分布)计算出与实际较为相符的流速流量。这种过程就是海流的动力计算。
但是,由于温度资料比盐度资栂精确且易得,因此,人们在根据海水质量分布计算海流时,曾进行了种种简化,试图只根据温度分布及变化来研究海流。这大致可分为下列两方面：
其一,认为海水密度分布主要决定于温度,如果仅欲求得海流分布变化的粗略结果,可以不考虑盐度,直接根据单一的温度分布来计算流速流量。近年来,国内外所开展的一些工作,已为这种简化提供了初步的但较有力的证据。例如, Bryden(1974)通过对中大洋动力实验(MODE)区域两个锚锭站的温度和海流实测资料的分析,得出了水平流速的垂直切変和温度水平梯度的垂直积分之间颇为一致的关系。管秉贤在研究通过苏澳一与那国岛断面的黑潮的变异时,找到了100-200米水层处的温度水平梯度最大值与流量之间较好的关系。
其二,为了求得较为精确的结果,引入了平均的T-S关系曲线来考虑盐度分布对密度的影响。例如, Emery和Wert(1976)曾利用太平洋上每10°方格海域中的平均T-S曲线,对大量的温度断面进行了动力高度计算。所得结果,除了个別区域外,与用温盐资料算得的动力高度相比,误差都比较小。另外,在中大洋动力实验中,对许多只有温度而没有盐度资料的观测站,也是应用该海区的平均T-S曲线进行动力计算的。
本文应用国际黑潮合作调查(CSK)资料,对台湾东侧黑潮区域的水温(T)和条件密度(σt)进行比较,得出了这一区域的T-σt的相关关系式。运用这一关系式对该海区的温度断面进行动力计算,所得流速与用经典的动力计算方法得到的地转流速相比,其方向和量级都是一致的。另外,对东海的黑潮区域的海水,也用本关系式进行了讨论。 相似文献
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景振华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1978,(1)
本文在考虑到海深有水平变化,海底流速不为零的实际情况下,沿用通常深海动力计算所取用的观点,即不考虑海洋内部的湍流摩擦,不考虑作用于海面的风应力,不考虑作用于海面上大气压强的水平变化等,引进连续方程、海面状态方程等,提出一种既适用于深海,而又特别适用于浅海的普适动力计算原理及方法,以代替通常深海动力计算所使用的Helland—Hansen公式。且通过对本文所提出的普适动力计算公式的简化,即可证明通常深海动力计算仅是前者的一个特殊情况。曾对东中国海黑潮流系较浅处的流速进行过计算。 相似文献
10.
提高海洋表层流的精度与分辨率对于相关应用领域至关重要。研究引入海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)信息对高度计导出流场的改进效果,计算了2018年每日无间隔的全球海洋表层流速度。通过增加热量守恒方程约束,引入卫星测温产品,在地转流基础上生成表层流产品,并与现场漂流浮标速度比较,评估了使用多源卫星遥感获取海流的质量。研究表明,本文方法在不改变沿等温线的切向流速分量的前提下,沿等温线的法向流速分量得到了改进,方法能充分利用海表温度信息提取流场特征信息;方法不适用于海表面温度梯度较小区域,在梯度较大区域可获得明显改进;优化流场能更好地刻画海面海流变化,证明结合卫星测高与卫星测温可改善海洋表层流动;存在强烈中尺度活动和热梯度区域,增加SST观测能够弥补测高资料的不足。 相似文献
11.
由于卫星高度计数据分辨率高、观测范围广的特点，我们使用该数据开展了黑潮流的研究。在之前的研究中，卫星绝对地转流都被用于对黑潮流域的表层流场的时空变化特征进行研究，并采用了一些探测方法提取了黑潮流轴和流路。然而，海面绝对地转流是由绝对动力地形估计得到，应该被当做实际流场的地转分量，在实际应用中并不能代表真实流场。在本研究中，建立了气候态绝对地转流与网格平均的漂流浮标流场间的数学校验关系，以此对卫星绝对地转流场进行修正，即便这两种数据的性质存在些许偏差。因此，基于主成分探测法，修正后的卫星绝对地转流被用于探测黑潮流轴和流路。对比结果表明，由修正后的卫星地转流场探测得到的黑潮流轴和流路均要好于地转流和表层流估计结果。修正后的地转流有助于开展更加准确的黑潮流轴和流路的逐日探测。 相似文献
12.
Fluctuation in volume transport distribution accompanied by the Kuroshio front migration in the Tokara Strait 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A relation between migration of the Kuroshio front and fluctuation of distribution of volume transport in the Tokara Strait was described, using sea level records at five tide gauge stations around the strait and data which were composed of sea surface temperature, XBT casts, sea surface salinity and velocities at 20 m, 75 m and 150 m depths taken en route a ferryboat. The Kuroshio front extends to about 150 m depth. The sea surface salinity and the horizontal velocities abruptly change at the front. There is a good correlation in a period range from half a month to two months between the migration of the front, which is not only at the surface but also in the subsurface, and the sea level fluctuation at Nakano-shima. A northward migration of the front with a period range from 17 to 50 days decreases the transport in the southern strait between Naze and Nakano-shima but increases in the northern strait between Nakano-shima and Sata-misaki. The northward migration intensifies inflow into Kagoshima Bay and the Ohsumi Branch Current. Correlation between the transport in the northern strait and the Ohsumi Branch Current is significant in the period range from 30 to 50 days. In this significant period range, the former leads the latter by about 3 days. 相似文献
13.
A buoy-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler was deployed on the shelf break off the northeast coast of Taiwan to monitor current variations in the upper ocean. The acquired data show that the flow in the upper water column was initially southwest and then abruptly turned northwest. This abrupt change occurred in mid-October, starting from the surface layer and then gradually extending to the deeper layer. In contrast with this flow, the flow in the lower water column was southwest over the entire record, but its amplitude was reduced after the middle of October. The abrupt change of current from southwest to northwest is related to the intrusion of Kuroshio. Examination of two CTD casts showed the salinity of the upper ocean to have increased after the directional shift in mid-October, further indicating the Kuroshio intrusion. The sea level data at Keelung provided other evidence for the intrusion of Kuroshio. The sea level descended as the intrusion occurred and kept the low value until the end of the record. The northwest flow, which carried the water away from the northern coast of Taiwan, is responsible for this descent. Although the intrusion of Kuroshio was mainly confined to the upper ocean, it did have influence on the whole water column. Examination of the wind record at Pengchiayu showed that the time of Kuroshio intrusion was not coincident with the intensification of the northeasterly monsoon. The local wind and the current at 20 m were incoherent. Both the variation of Kuroshio current and the fluctuation of Kuroshio path may be responsible for the variation of the local current. Since the intrusion of Kuroshio has a weak relationship with local wind variation, it appears to be induced by non-local factors. 相似文献
14.
利用COADS资料,计算北太平洋(包括赤道海区)1949—1979年海表面风应力,对其距平场进行矢量场的EOF分解,得到几个主要的距平风应力模态(EOF1—3)。分析了各自的时空分布特征,分析发现,风应力距平场的EOF1和EOF2模态分别对黑潮大弯曲和E1—Nino事件有重要影响,并讨论了其影响过程,为黑潮大弯曲预报的可能性提供了依据。 相似文献
15.
Akihiko Morimoto Shoichiro Kojima Sen Jan Daisuke Takahashi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
We investigated the movement of the Kuroshio axis on the northeast shelf of Taiwan associated with the passage of typhoons, using sea surface current data observed by the ocean radar system on Yonaguni and Ishigaki islands. First, we examined daily Kuroshio axis variation on the northeast shelf of Taiwan during typhoon events. The ocean radar data showed that the Kuroshio axis moved onto the shelf after passages of typhoons. The Kuroshio moved onto the shelf and stayed there after the passage of Typhoon Hai-Tang; while the Kuroshio maintained this pattern, southerly wind blew continuously for 4 days. The mean current speed northeast of Taiwan after the typhoon's passage increased by 18 cm s−1. In addition, the sea level difference between two satellite altimetry tracks east of Taiwan increased by 14.4 cm. These results suggest that coastal upwelling east of Taiwan caused by the southerly wind generated an east–west sea level difference that, in turn, generated a northward geostrophic current. This current could have enhanced the Kuroshio east of Taiwan, and pushed it onto the shelf. 相似文献
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Based on the wind and hydrographic data obtained by R/V Xiangyanghong 14 duringJune of 1999, the currents in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea are computed by the three dimen-sional non-linear diagnostic, semidiagnostic models and prognostic in the σ coordinate. The computed re-sults show that the density and velocity fields and so on have been adjusted when time is about 3 days,namely the solution of semidiagnostic calculation is obtained. In the northwest part of the computed re-gion, the Huanghai coastal current flows southeastward, and then it flows out the computed region southof Cheju Island. In the west side of the southern part of the computed region, there is other current,which is mainly inshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current, and it flows cyclonically and turns to thenortheast. In the region north of the above two currents, there is a cyclonic eddy southwest of Cheju Is-land, and it has characteristics of high density and low temperature. There is an offshore branch of Tai-wan Warm Current in the west side of the Kuroshio, and it makes a cyclonic meander, then flows north-eastward. The Kuroshio in the East China Sea is stronger, and flows northeastward. Its maximum hori-zontal velocity is 108.5 cm/s at the sea surface, which is located at the northern boundary, and it is106.1 cm/s at 30 m level, 102.2 cm/s at 75 m level and 85.1 cm/s at 200 m level, respectively, whichare all located at the southern boundary. Comparing the results of diagnostic calculation with those ofsemidiagnostic and prognostic calculations indicates that the horizontal velocity field agrees qualitatively,and there is a little difference between them in quantity. The comparison between the computed veloci-ties and the obeered velocities at the mooring station show that they agree each other. 相似文献
18.
基于天津港主航道连续观测点31 d的实测海流资料,利用调和分析对主航道潮流和余流特征进行研究,同时结合同步风速资料研究风对表层余流的影响。结果表明:(1)航道附近属于弱流海区,表层平均流速为31.4 cm/s,流速总体上由表至底逐渐减小,流速方向大致集中在NW—SE向。(2)观测海域潮流以正规半日往复潮占主导,优势分潮为M2,浅水分潮较为显著,涨潮流流速大于落潮流流速。(3)观测期间表层平均余流流速为2.8~13.8 cm/s,随着深度增加余流流速逐渐减小,方向大多为NW向。该站表层余流受风的影响显著,东南风将使余流方向偏向西北。 相似文献
19.
Jacobus P. Le Roux Zeki Demirbilek Marysia Brodalka Burghard W. Flemming 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(5):549-560
The generation and growth of waves in deep water is controlled by winds blowing over the sea surface. In fully developed sea
states, where winds and waves are in equilibrium, wave parameters may be calculated directly from the wind velocity. We provide
an Excel spreadsheet to compute the wave period, length, height and celerity, as well as horizontal and vertical particle
velocities for any water depth, bottom slope, and distance below the reference water level. The wave profile and propagation
can also be visualized for any water depth, modeling the sea surface change from sinusoidal to trochoidal and finally cnoidal
profiles into shallow water. Bedload entrainment is estimated under both the wave crest and the trough, using the horizontal
water particle velocity at the top of the boundary layer. The calculations are programmed in an Excel file called WAVECALC,
which is available online to authorized users. Although many of the recently published formulas are based on theoretical arguments,
the values agree well with several existing theories and limited field and laboratory observations. WAVECALC is a user-friendly
program intended for sedimentologists, coastal engineers and oceanographers, as well as marine ecologists and biologists.
It provides a rapid means to calculate many wave characteristics required in coastal and shallow marine studies, and can also
serve as an educational tool. 相似文献
20.
The mechanism of a characteristic sea level response (barotropic coastal ocean response) to wind field fluctuation around
the tip of the Izu Peninsula observed during the middle of December 2000 to the middle of January 2001 was investigated based
on three types of numerical experiments using the Princeton Ocean Model with various parameters. The response was characterized
by the relaxation of sea level falling (rising) during eastward upwelling (westward downwelling) favorable wind regime. Analyses
of quasi-realistic numerical model results in terms of the vertically integrated momentum balances and vorticity balance for
the barotropic mode revealed that: 1) development/abatement of two anomalous circulations generated around the tip of the
Izu Peninsula controls the sea level response through the acceleration/deceleration of a quasi-geostrophic barotropic coastal
current between the circulations; 2) nonlinear vorticity advection by the Kuroshio Current and by the coastal current, coupled
with vorticity diffusion, decelerates the quasi-geostrophic coastal current in the latter half of the wind regimes, which
induces the relaxation of sea level rise/fall. The results of the quasi-realistic numerical experiment suggest that an analysis
of the vorticity balance for the barotropic mode contributes to a better understanding of sea level responses to wind in coastal
regions with strong currents and complex topography. In addition, a numerical experiment with idealized spatially uniform
density stratification and a quasi-realistic wind field shows that if the Kuroshio Current had been shifted far offshore from
the Izu Peninsula during the observation period, westward propagating continental shelf waves would have controlled the coastal
sea level response. 相似文献