共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 335 毫秒
1.
以营口港扩建工程为例,在潮流模拟计算基础上,利用悬浮物扩散模型分析论证了海域施工过程中悬浮物对海域水质及海洋生物的影响。结果表明:施工期对悬浮物影响范围仅局限于港区防波堤范围内,对港区外海域环境影响较小。 相似文献
2.
微机电系统（MEMS）表面加工工艺中的材料层厚度是决定MEMS器件性能的重要参数之一,如多晶硅结构层厚度和牺牲层厚度,直接决定了MEMS器件的机构性能和结构的纵向移动范围,因此对材料层厚度进行测试和工艺控制监视是极具意义的.当前的材料层厚度测试大多采用光机械的方法,因其测试方法复杂、设备昂贵、测试时间长且很难集成到一个工艺控制监视（PCM）系统中,提出一种新颖的材料层厚度电学测试结构,该测试结构具有结构简单、测量方便并且便于MEMS测试系统集成的特点.通过软件对测试结构和测试模型进行闭环验证,结果表明,模拟值与理论值有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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This paper analyses a western boundary current striking a solid boundary. Interest is concentrated on the case where inertial effects are sufficient to modify the flow from its ‘Stommel-layer’ form with Ekman friction relatively unimportant in the interior. It is shown that, beyond a critical inflow speed, a complicated system of four asymptotic regions forms near the corner, turning some of the flow along the blocking boundary and then returning it westwards to rejoin the western boundary current. A comparison with the results of a simple ocean model shows that many of the features in that flow can be explained through the asymptotic theory. 相似文献
4.
The POMRad system of computer models is developed using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) program code. The system enables modeling the radionuclide migration in large nonuniform water bodies (seas, bays, large rivers, and lakes) taking account of the migration of radioactive substances in the water mass-bottom system associated with the migration of radionuclides sorbed on suspended sediments and in solutes. In order to take account of radionucide transport with sediments the POM program code is supplemented with the models describing transport, settling, and resuspension of suspended sediments. The verification was carried out through comparing analytical solutions of simplified problems concerning the content of radionuclides in water, and modeling results. A potential of the POMRad application is demonstrated by an example of simulating the radioactivity transport in marine environment in the case of hypothetical accidents in the Saida and Kola bays. 相似文献
5.
V. Rizi G. Redaelli G. Visconti F. Masci C. Wedekind B. Stein F. Immler B. Mielke P. Rairoux L. Woste M. Del Guasta M. Morandi F. Castagnoli S. Balestri L. Stefanutti R. Matthey V. Mitev M. Douard J.P. Wolf E. Kyro M. Rummukainen R. Kivi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,32(1):165-181
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) were observed with the multi-wavelength lidar of the MOANA project (Modelling and Observations of Aerosols in the Northern Atmosphere) during SESAME (Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment). The physical state, liquid or solid, of the cloud particles can be inferred from the lidar data. Using isentropic back-trajectories to obtain the thermal history of the sampled air masses, it is possible to reconcile most of the observations with current ideas on PSC formation and evolution. When the cloud particles were identified as liquid, changes in the size distribution of the droplets along the trajectory were calculated using a micro-physical box model. Backscatter ratios calculated from the size distributions are in broad agreement with the lidar data, giving confidence in current understanding of the evolution of ternary solution (H2SO4, HNO3 and H2O) droplets.Results from two soundings are shown which bear on the problem of the formation of solid particles. In the first, solid particles were detected. The air mass had cooled to the frost point 12 hours earlier. In the second no solid particles were detected although the air temperature was below the nitric acid trihydrate existence point, and had decreased by 12K in the previous 14 hours. 相似文献
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搭建了一套以中心输出波长为808.5 nm的半导体激光端面泵浦Nd:YVO4激光晶体产生1 064 nm红外激光,然后以腔内KTP晶体倍频的方法将红外激光倍频为532 nm绿光激光的固体激光实验系统,研究了808.5 nm的泵浦半导体激光的输出功率与注入电流的关系及与532 nm绿光输出功率的关系,以及KTP倍频晶体的相位匹角、泵浦光的聚焦位置和固体激光器的腔长等因素对532 nm绿光输出功率的影响.实验结果表明:提高泵浦半导体激光的泵浦功率、缩短固体激光器的腔长、将泵浦光聚焦到Nd:YVO4晶体内部以及正确选择KTP晶体的相位匹配角能够提高532 nm绿光的输出功率. 相似文献
8.
35GHz云雷达反射率因子数据的质量控制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大气非云粒子(气溶胶、昆虫、悬浮物)以及雷达元器件固有噪声,是影响云雷达定量探测大气云层宏观以及微观产品的重要因素。为了剔除云雷达基数据中的散点噪声对数据质量的影响,本文利用新一代多普勒偏振8.6 mm云雷达资料,基于模糊逻辑识别地物的方法分析雷达散点噪声、气溶胶以及大气云粒子的反射率因子回波的统计特征,通过统计的特征值对反射率因子进行分类,保留正常回波数据。结果表明:该方法能较好区分云粒子回波和非云粒子回波,提高云雷达反射率因子的数据质量。 相似文献
9.
Issues pertaining to a mechanism whereby long internal waves in shallow seas may give rise to enhanced rates of resuspension of sedimentary material are addressed. The proposed mechanism is intimately related to the creation of conditions in the bottom boundary layer which are favorable for flow separation and spontaneous onset of global instability. It is shown that long waves generated by topographic resonance and propagating upstream against the oncoming current, especially a sheared current, have a strong tendency to release a coherent, pulsating dynamics in their footprint. The passage-through-resonance problem for a sheared, stratified flow is considered, conditions for topographic resonance in the flow model are defined, and preliminary results for the unsteady dynamics in the boundary layer under the footprint of a long wave packet are presented. 相似文献
10.
2010—2014年夏季广州野外雷电试验基地采用了两种引雷火箭开展人工引雷试验,通过对25次经典人工触发闪电电流资料的分析,进一步证实了当火箭携带铜线时先驱电流脉冲 (precursor current pulse) 为双极性振荡型,火箭携带钢丝时先驱电流脉冲为单极性,其中单极性脉冲电流峰值、10%~90%上升时间、波形宽度和转移电荷量的几何平均值分别为26 A,0.33 μs,2.3 μs,27 μC,双极性脉冲相应的波形参数几何平均值分别为67 A,0.24 μs,2.1 μs,54 μC。双极性脉冲电流峰值的几何平均值接近是单极性的2.6倍,而波形持续时间和上升时间的几何平均值与单极性相近。利用传输线模型,模拟铜线通道底部电流波形呈双极性振荡型,而钢丝通道底部电流波形呈单极性,这与实际测量的结果比较一致,推测这两种电流波形可能是传输线特性阻抗不同所导致,在传输线顶端由先导起始放电产生的电流脉冲应为单极性。 相似文献
11.
Chong Shi Pucai Wang Teruyuki Nakajima Yoshifumi Ota Saichun Tan Guangyu Shi 《大气科学进展》2015,32(9):1186-1196
Based on a vector radiative transfer model of the atmosphere-ocean system, the influence of oceanic components on radiation processes, including polarization effects, was investigated in the wavelength region ranging from 0.380 to 0.865 μm. The components considered were phytoplankton, inorganic suspended material (sediment), and colored, dissolved organic matter. Due to their important roles in oceanic radiation processes, the sensitivity of the bidirectional reflectance to the rough ocean surface, represented by the wind velocity 10 m above the ocean surface, and aerosol, were taken into account. The results demonstrated that both radiance and polarized radiance just below the ocean surface were sensitive to the change of the concentrations of the considered components, while the dependence of polarized radiance on the observation geometry was more sensitive than radiance. Significant differences in the specular plane existed between the impacts of the phytoplankton and sediment on the degree of polarization just above the ocean surface at 670 nm. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), polarization was relatively insensitive to changing concentrations of ocean particles at longer wavelengths. Furthermore, the radiance at the TOA in the solar plane was more sensitive to the aerosol optical thickness than wind velocity. In contrast, wind velocity strongly influenced the radiance at the TOA in the sun glint region, while the polarization degree showed less dependence in that region. Finally, a nonlinear optimal inversion method was proposed to simultaneously retrieve the aerosol and wind velocity using radiance measurement. 相似文献
12.
Chen Panqin 《大气科学进展》1987,4(3):323-331
On the basis of the data of concentrations as well as wind and temperature, simultaneously observed in the north suburb of Beijing, measurements have been made of the dry deposition velocities of suspended particles. Results show that, over such an environment, the dry deposition velocities for suspended par-ticles vary from 0.15 to 10.62 cm s-1, which are comparable with those over forests, that the average surface resistance in the transfer process of particles is about four times as large as the aerodynamic resis-tance, and that the dry deposition velocity is well related to the frictional velocity in terms of positive cor-relation function. 相似文献
13.
M. Escudero A.F. Stein R.R. Draxler X. Querol A. Alastuey S. Castillo A. Avila 《Atmospheric Research》2011,99(3-4):518-527
A source apportionment technique has been applied to determine the geographical distribution of emissions in Northern Africa contributing to dust outbreaks that yield high PM10 levels at Spanish regional background stations. Seven dust episodes have been analyzed in this study. Total suspended particles have been sampled and chemically analyzed for these events at La Castanya background station (Montseny, NE Spain) and differences in the composition of airborne dust have been studied. The dominant role of northern and western source areas (Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and the Western Sahara) contrasted with the negligible contribution of major emission source areas such as the Bodelé depression, Libya, Niger, and Sudan. During the simulated events using the dust module of the HYSPLIT model, material from the latter regions is persistently transported across the Atlantic but not towards Western Europe. As a consequence, the composition of the dust turned out to be quite homogeneous since the mixing of dust occurs from various source areas with similar chemical composition. However, differences in Ca/Al ratios have been found in a number of samples that are mainly explained by vertical transport segregation of clay minerals (relatively richer in Al) from coarser dust particles (Ca-carbonate). 相似文献
14.
A Spatially-Analytical Scheme for Surface Temperatures and Conductive Heat Fluxes in Urban Canopy Models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the urban environment, surface temperatures and conductive heat fluxes through solid media (roofs, walls, roads and vegetated
surfaces) are of paramount importance for the comfort of residents (indoors) and for microclimatic conditions (outdoors).
Fully discrete numerical methods are currently used to model heat transfer in these solid media in parametrisations of built
surfaces commonly used in weather prediction models. These discrete methods usually use finite difference schemes in both
space and time. We propose a spatially-analytical scheme where the temperature field and conductive heat fluxes are solved
analytically in space. Spurious numerical oscillations due to temperature discontinuities at the sublayer interfaces can be
avoided since the method does not involve spatial discretisation. The proposed method is compared to the fully discrete method
for a test case of one-dimensional heat conduction with sinusoidal forcing. Subsequently, the analytical scheme is incorporated
into the offline version of the current urban canopy model (UCM) used in the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the
new UCM is validated against field measurements using a wireless sensor network and other supporting measurements over a suburban
area under real-world conditions. Results of the comparison clearly show the advantage of the proposed scheme over the fully
discrete model, particularly for more complicated cases. 相似文献
15.
嵌有对流的层状云系兼有两种云的特征并且降水效率较高, 具有重要的研究意义。本文结合观测资料, 利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模拟了2010年7月1日发生在东北地区的一次大范围强降水天气过程, 并对其中两个较典型的嵌入对流个例进行了详细分析。分析发现这两个嵌入对流都是由低层对流嵌入到高层云系所形成, 其中由对流云和位于其正上方的层云所形成的嵌入对流发展更加旺盛并给地面带来更强降水。以这两个个例为基础, 通过其与模拟区域内的普通对流云和层云相比较发现:相对于孤立对流云, 嵌入对流内的对流云生命期更长、低层水汽辐合更强、云内液水含量更大, 不稳定能量更多集中在低层;而在液水含量相当的两个嵌入对流中固态水含量的不同对降水强度影响较大;另一方面, 在嵌入对流发展的过程中嵌入对流内层云的垂直尺度扩大、含水量增加、降水强度增强, 从降水机制来看其云内固态和液态水含量都随嵌入对流发展逐渐增大, 而单纯层云内的上述变化均不明显。 相似文献
16.
嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统的发展与应用 总被引：74，自引：4，他引：74
主要综述中国科学院大气物理研究所自主开发的嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统(NAQPMS,Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System)的历史发展与应用情况.模式发展伊始为欧拉污染物输送实用模型,利用其研究东亚硫氧化物的跨国输送问题,得出中国对于周边国家的输送量不大的结论; 在系统中嵌入适合东亚的起沙机制模块,用来模拟沙尘发生、输送及沉降等过程,估算亚洲大陆沙尘气溶胶对海洋地区的输送与沉降通量,为研究海洋生物地球化学循环提供基础数据; 利用该系统研究沙尘及其土壤粒子对酸雨的中和作用,发现沙尘输送对东亚酸雨的分布影响很大; 发展城市尺度高分辨率气象和空气质量预报技术,使模式水平分辨率达到500 m,并应用于台北高浓度臭氧和PM10的模拟; 研究和集成区域及城市尺度大气污染预报理论和模拟技术,研制成目前的嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统,以探讨不同尺度各种污染(如沙尘暴、城市光化学烟雾、酸雨、高浓度悬浮颗粒物等)的变化规律.在模式系统中初步建立资料同化模块,开展大气化学成分及沙尘输送模拟的资料同化研究.系统已经在北京、上海、深圳、郑州等城市环境监测中心实施空气质量的实时预报.未来,系统将集成到全球环境大气输送模式(GEATM),以实现从城市群到全球具有双向耦合功能的模式系统. 相似文献
17.
根据S波段新一代天气雷达高频放大链前级组件重要功能模块固态放大器和射频脉冲形成器的内部结构以及工作原理和维修需要，设计了一套支持固态放大器和射频脉冲形成器组件测试与维修诊断系统。此系统详细阐述了设计的流程，主要包括硬件，电源，电路接口，控制逻辑和显示电路等设计，为测试维修固态放大器和射频脉冲形成器提供所需的各种电压、控制信号、时序逻辑信号等，满足对固态放大器和射频脉冲形成器故障的电路信号测试，判断故障点及元器件。系统以直接输出故障指示的方式快速完成测试及故障定位，从而确保维修人员的人身安全和雷达设备不受二次损坏，保证了雷达故障修复的时效性。 相似文献
18.
利用多尺度空气质量模式系统（Models-3/CMAQ）对2002年12月1—3日北京及周边地区发生的一次大雾天气进行数值模拟,分析了大雾天气下PM2.5二次无机粒子的演变及其影响。结果表明,白天相对湿度降低,雾滴蒸发脱水后PM2.5二次无机粒子会悬浮在大气中;夜间在水汽凝结成雾滴的过程中,大量的PM2.5二次无机粒子提供了充足的凝结核,促进大雾天气的进一步发展。午后PM2.5二次无机粒子积聚及较高的相对湿度是造成北京及周边地区低能见度的重要原因,并推断该区域很可能是霾天气。 相似文献
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20.
Richard Bintanja 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,95(3):369-395
An atmospheric surface-layer model is used to investigate the interactionbetween suspended snow particles and the near-surface flow. Themodel incorporates the effects of upward diffusion, gravitational settling and sublimation of snow particles in 48 size classes, the effects of snowdrift sublimation on the heat and moisture budget of the surface layer, and the buoyancy destruction of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) caused by the presence of suspended particles. A new term in the E- closure model representing the buoyancy destruction due to suspended particles is included in the prognostic equation for TKE. Generally, model results indicate that the presence of suspended particles causes significant decreases in TKE, the dissipation rate, turbulent length scales and eddy exchange coefficients (up to 40%). It is found that the reduction in the eddy exchangecoefficients is due mainly to reductions in turbulent length scales. Theassociated particle Richardson number peaks near the saltation-suspensioninterface, but at higher levels in the surface layer the particle-induced buoyancy can also significantly affect the flow. A detailed analysis of the various snowdrift quantities, the TKE budget and the particle buoyancy effects on the flow is presented. 相似文献