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 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
热水溶液地球化学   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
曾贻善 《地学前缘》1996,3(3):89-95
概述了热水溶液地球化学的主要研究内容和近年来在实验和理论研究方面的进展,包括高温高压下水的热力学性质、状态方程式、介电常数、电导率和电离平衡;NaCl-CO2-H2O体系及其边界体系(NaCl-H2O和CO2-H2O)的相关系、热力学性质和状态方程式,特别是利用人工流体包裹体技术和分子动力学模拟取得的新成果;高温高压电解质稀水溶液的电导测定;以HKF模型为基础,热水溶液中不同物种的标准偏摩尔热力学性质和高温高压有关物理化学参数的估算;热水溶液中的物种形成(热液流体中的矿物溶解度测定、电势测量和谱学研究);水和热水溶液结构的红外和拉曼谱学研究;水和热水溶液的传输性质(粘度和导热系数)。  相似文献   

2.
二氧化硅水溶物种与热力学性质   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
张生 《世界地质》1997,16(2):16-22
系统综述了热液流体中溶解SiO2存在形式的研究成果,指出溶解SiO2在天然条件下主要呈真溶液迁移,其形式为H4SiO4或Si(OH)4·2H2O及其它水合数的单硅酸和多硅酸;在适宜的条件下,H3SiO-4、NaH3SiO04、Si(OH)4SO2-4、(K,Na)Si(OH)05或硅的有机配合物将成为主要的溶解物种。最后,给出了有关上述水溶物种的热力学平衡常数  相似文献   

3.
邵军 《贵金属地质》1999,8(2):115-118
地幔流体是以C-H-O为主的体系,富含H、CO2、CH4、H2S、H2O和大量的不相容元素(如K、P、Li等)及一定量的金属氧化物,在不同地质环境下其组成成分有一定的变化。地幔流体有地幔柱型、洋中脊玄武岩型和岛弧型3种主要源区,通过交代和(或)溶解地幔、地壳岩石等方式迁移、富集而成矿。夹皮沟金矿田内构造-岩浆活动及区域变质作用表明该区地幔活动频繁且强烈,金矿成矿流体具有地幔流体组成和成矿作用特征,  相似文献   

4.
对江汉盆地T油田主要的工业储层-下第三系新光沟嘴组沉积岩石的成岩流体进行了热力学研究。实测的成岩矿物流体包裹体的均一温度为110-139℃,属于该区中成岩阶段的温度范围(67-155℃)。成岩流体的压力为10.2-56MPa。成岩流体中阳离子的活度出现Ca^2+>Mg^2+>Na^+>K^+>Fe^3+>Fe^2+;阴离子的活离出现HCO3^->SO4^2->F^->Cl^->CO3^2-;气相成  相似文献   

5.
高压超高压变质作用中的流体   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
韩郁菁  张泽明 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):222-229
文章强调了高压和超高压变质岩中流体包裹体的研究意义,重点论述了几个问题:(1)高压和超高压变质岩中流体包裹体的成分以含N2量高为特点,在大别山含柯石英榴辉岩中找到的高压榴辉岩阶段捕获的原生包裹体,其中气相组分含CO(摩尔分数)为14%,表明流体来源于深部。原生流体包裹体的保存,要求在p-T区间内的抬升轨迹与等容线近于平行。(2)在大别山高压和超高压榴辉岩中首次确认熔融包裹体的存在,由硅酸盐玻相和以CO2为主要成分的气相组成,并发现熔融包裹体中的玻相成分与主矿物相近。(3)高压和超高压变质期间的局部流体迁移可由榴辉岩中流体包裹体和矿物同位素成分(H-C-O)来显示。(4)高压和超高压变质中流体-熔体-岩石(矿物)相互作用是一个非常复杂的过程,并证实在榴辉岩相p-T条件下岩石的部分熔融。(5)变质流体的成分与变质级之间存在着相关关系。  相似文献   

6.
小秦岭地区花岗岩体中CO2—H2O包裹体的找矿意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
谢奕汉  范宏瑞 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):542-548
小秦岭地区与金矿成因有关的燕山期文峪花岗岩及其派生石英脉中发育了非常丰富的CO2-H2O包裹体,其流体为富含CO2的低盐度(<10%NaCl)流体,这与含金石英脉内的包裹体类型及金矿成矿流体性质上十分相似。与金矿成因无关的华山岩体内包裹体类型则为水溶液包裹体,流体性质为贫CO2的低盐度流体。与金矿有关,但其周围矿化很差的娘娘山岩体内CO2-H2O包裹体数量很少。因此,CO2-H2O包裹体可以作为与金矿成因有关的花岗岩体关联程度的判别标志,而CO2-H2O包裹体的丰度可以作为金矿床品位和规模评价及成矿前景展望的依据  相似文献   

7.
河北省东坪金矿几种新金矿物的初步研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
东坪金矿是与偏碱性杂岩有关的新类型金矿床,矿物组成复杂,在其中发现了8种未定名的新矿物,它们是:Au2TeO4(A),Au2TeO4(B),AuTeO4,Au(Pb,Te)O4,(Au,Zn)2,(Bi,Te)O5,AuO.nH2O,Au2Te3S2和Au2Te。对以上矿物的形态及物理特征,光学性质,化学成分,元素价态,X射线衍射数据等方面进行了初步研究。  相似文献   

8.
成矿流体及成矿机制   总被引:49,自引:0,他引:49  
张文淮  张志坚 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):245-252
根据成矿流体样品——流体包裹体研究资料,目前已知的成矿流体主要有下列四种类型:(1)硅酸盐熔融体+M(金属);(2)H2O+NaCl+M;(3)H2O+CO2+M;(4)H2O+有机质+M。这里所说的H2O,实际上是含有一定溶质的盐水;CO2则还包含有CH4、CO、N2、H2、H2S等等其它组分。不同的矿种、不同成因的矿床与一定种类的成矿流体有关,也就是说,成矿流体具有一定成矿专属性。通过成矿流体研究,我们认为成矿作用主要有下述几种形成机制:(1)不同种类流体混合成矿机制;(2)单一流体不混溶分离成矿机制;(3)流体+有机质成矿机制;(4)水—岩交换成矿机制;(5)流体物-化条件改变成矿机制。  相似文献   

9.
包裹体研究表明,河南鲁山黄土岭韧性剪切带型金矿的成矿流体为低盐度、中低温度、高硫、富HCO3^-和Cl^-及碱金属离子的热流体。包裹体类型有CO2,CO2-H2O及H2O三种,它们在矿物中共生,并且各自的密度、盐度有区别,表明包裹体捕获时流体发生过沸腾作用,有过相态分离。包裹体水同位素研究结果显示热液以变质水为主,混有一定量的岩浆水与雨水。沸腾作用、相态分离是矿床形成的关键因素。CO2包裹体大量出  相似文献   

10.
黄玉的形成条件是阐明含黄玉岩石成因的关键。为定量解释黄玉的岩石学成因意义,本文利用黄玉和与其共存的矿物及流体组分的热力学性质,计算了花岗岩-H2O-HF体系中有关反应的logaHF-logaKF,logaHF-logaAN,logaHF-T图及T-P图。利用上述计算结果,本文解释了含黄玉花岗质岩石及其极端分异产物的形成条件和斑岩Mo、Sn矿床蚀变分带的形成机制。  相似文献   

11.
The thermodynamic properties of 154 mineral end-members, 13 silicate liquid end-members and 22 aqueous fluid species are presented in a revised and updated data set. The use of a temperature-dependent thermal expansion and bulk modulus, and the use of high-pressure equations of state for solids and fluids, allows calculation of mineral–fluid equilibria to 100  kbar pressure or higher. A pressure-dependent Landau model for order–disorder permits extension of disordering transitions to high pressures, and, in particular, allows the alpha–beta quartz transition to be handled more satisfactorily. Several melt end-members have been included to enable calculation of simple phase equilibria and as a first stage in developing melt mixing models in NCKFMASH. The simple aqueous species density model has been extended to enable speciation calculations and mineral solubility determination involving minerals and aqueous species at high temperatures and pressures. The data set has also been improved by incorporation of many new phase equilibrium constraints, calorimetric studies and new measurements of molar volume, thermal expansion and compressibility. This has led to a significant improvement in the level of agreement with the available experimental phase equilibria, and to greater flexibility in calculation of complex mineral equilibria. It is also shown that there is very good agreement between the data set and the most recent available calorimetric data.  相似文献   

12.
The thermodynamic properties of 254 end‐members, including 210 mineral end‐members, 18 silicate liquid end‐members and 26 aqueous fluid species are presented in a revised and updated internally consistent thermodynamic data set. The PVT properties of the data set phases are now based on a modified Tait equation of state (EOS) for the solids and the Pitzer & Sterner (1995) equation for gaseous components. Thermal expansion and compressibility are linked within the modified Tait EOS (TEOS) by a thermal pressure formulation using an Einstein temperature to model the temperature dependence of both the thermal expansion and bulk modulus in a consistent way. The new EOS has led to improved fitting of the phase equilibrium experiments. Many new end‐members have been added, including several deep mantle phases and, for the first time, sulphur‐bearing minerals. Silicate liquid end‐members are in good agreement with both phase equilibrium experiments and measured heat of melting. The new dataset considerably enhances the capabilities for thermodynamic calculation on rocks, melts and aqueous fluids under crustal to deep mantle conditions. Implementations are already available in thermocalc to take advantage of the new data set and its methodologies, as illustrated by example calculations on sapphirine‐bearing equilibria, sulphur‐bearing equilibria and calculations to 300 kbar and 2000 °C to extend to lower mantle conditions.  相似文献   

13.
14.
BERMAN  R. G. 《Journal of Petrology》1988,29(2):445-522
Internally consistent standard state thermodynamic data arepresented for 67 minerals in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2.The method of mathematical programming was used to achieve consistencyof derived properties with phase equilibrium, calorimetric,and volumetric data, utilizing equations that account for thethermodynamic consequences of first and second order phase transitions,and temperature-dependent disorder. Tabulated properties arein good agreement with thermophysical data, as well as beingconsistent with the bulk of phase equilibrium data obtainedin solubility studies, weight change experiments, and reversalsinvolving both single and mixed volatile species. The reliabilityof the thermodynamic data set is documented by extensive comparisons(Figs. 4–45) between computed equilibria and phase equilibriumdata. The high degree of consistency obtained with these diverseexperimental data gives confidence that the refined thermodynamicproperties should allow accurate prediction of phase relationshipsamong stoichiometric minerals in complex chemical systems, andprovide a reasonable basis from which activity models for mineralsmay be derived.  相似文献   

15.
黑钨矿是石英脉钨矿床的主要矿石矿物,其沉淀机制一直存在争议。CO2逃逸能否造成黑钨矿有效沉淀尚缺乏定量模型的评价。文章建立了W-Fe-Cl-Na-O-C-H体系的反应平衡模型,涉及22种组分和16个化学反应;相关热力学参数来自SUPCRT数据库。模型计算结果表明,pH与流体压力呈负相关关系,而钨溶解度与流体压力呈正相关关系;当成矿流体压力从静岩压力降至静水压力水平,钨溶解度降幅可达到27%~47%,降幅与温度和深度成正比。因而,降压造成的CO2逃逸是黑钨矿沉淀的有效机制之一。   相似文献   

16.
地球深部流体演化与矿石成因   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26  
张荣华  胡书敏 《地学前缘》2001,8(4):297-310
文中重点讨论含矿NaClH2 O溶液在从高温、高压向低温、低压条件改变时性质变化对矿石形成过程的影响。通过对含矿NaClH2 O溶液的实验观测获得对地球深部流体性质的新认识。地球深部的NaClH2 O流体大多处于超临界态流体 ,在上升过程中经减压降温后 ,通过临界态 ,进入低于临界态的热液状态。流体在这一跨越临界态的转变过程中造成了大多数矿石的沉淀。自然界里的许多矿石是在开放流动体系和在非平衡的化学动力学过程中形成的。开放流动体系矿物与水的反应动力学实验 ,证明一些矿石可能形成于流动热液。跨越临界态这一转变过程中的矿物水反应动力学实验结果表明了反应速率的大涨落。地球深部流体在上升过程中的性质演化、流动体系和非均相反应动力学是现代矿石成因研究的 3个关键问题  相似文献   

17.
The paper discusses petrological effects related to interaction between rocks and concentrated aqueous salt fluids (brines) at lower crustal metamorphism. These effects arise mainly from the low H2O activity typical of brines, while preserving and even increasing transport properties relative to pure H2O or H2O–nonpolar gas fluids. The paper presents thermodynamic properties of the halogen-bearing end members of the biotite solid solution based on experimental data, and examples illustrating how they can be employed to calculate the activities (concentrations) of alkali halides in the fluid. Action of brines significantly changes conventional views on the solubility of several minerals and on the distribution of elements (including trace elements) between minerals, melts, and fluids. The specific role of brines is also in bringing to interaction zones not only water but also alkali metals and Ca, which results in numerous metasomatic net-transfer reactions involving mafic minerals and/or exchange reactions with feldspars that produce new mineral assemblages with lower melting temperature, i.e., cause granitization of rocks as defined by D.S. Korzhinskii. Brines also exert fine “tuning” of metasomatic and melting processes: even at equal pressure, temperature, and water activity values metasomatism may or may not trigger melting depending on the Na/K/Ca ratio in the fluid phase.  相似文献   

18.
张志刚  段振豪 《地学前缘》2001,8(4):402-408
地质流体的热力学性质对研究它们在各种地质作用中的地球化学行为起着十分重要的作用。研究地质流体的传统方法有实验方法和经验、半经验模型方法。这些方法的应用范围一般只能涵盖整个地球温压条件中极为有限的区间。新兴的计算机模拟提供了研究地质流体的第三条途径 ,即通过“计算机实验”的方法 ,模拟极限温压条件下地质流体系统的热力学特性和微观性质。与传统方法相比它有优越性 ,且越来越受到地球化学家们的重视。蒙特卡罗法是流体计算机模拟的主要方法和手段之一 ,吉布斯系综法的提出 ,又显示出用蒙特卡罗法在研究物质相平衡和相变特性方面特有的能力。近来 ,人们把蒙特卡罗法应用于地质流体的研究 ,已取得了一些可喜的成果。但是 ,目前在地质研究中蒙特卡罗模拟大部分还局限于相对简单的系统 ,对于成分较复杂的系统 (特别是含水混合物 )的研究还有许多工作要做  相似文献   

19.
简介矿物热力学数据获取方法发展现状,重点评述量热法和相平衡法的近期发展状况。  相似文献   

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