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Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia. 相似文献
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Evaluating Topological Queries in Linked Data Using DBpedia and GeoNames in Switzerland and Scotland 
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下载免费PDF全文 This article explores the practicability and assesses the quality of searches for Wikipedia pages of topologically related administrative divisions in Switzerland and Scotland via Linked Data. To this end, the quality of searches in the English and German versions of DBpedia is compared, as is that of searches in GeoNames and DBpedia using DBpedia's links to GeoNames or a manually created list of links. In addition, the effects of updates to Swiss municipality borders in the English version of DBpedia on standard quality metrics are studied. It turns out that live searches are practicable with acceptable performance, but that the quality of searches in terms of recall and precision is acceptable only if DBpedia is queried via GeoNames and DBpedia's links to GeoNames are replaced by manually created links. Searches for Scottish unitary authority wards perform poorly for all approaches investigated. Recall and precision are strongly influenced by changes in municipality borders, with a relatively long latency suggesting that, at least in some cases, administrative changes propagate slowly into DBpedia. These results have important implications for those seeking to use location as a means to link data. 相似文献
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D. R. Fastring 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):207-221
The primary objective of this research was to determine if the remotely-sensed metric, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ground-collected dekadal climatological variables were useful predictors of future malaria outbreaks in an epidemic-prone area of Nairobi, Kenya. Data collected consisted of 36 dekadal (10-day) periods for the variables rainfall, temperature and NDVI along with yearly documented malaria admissions in 2003 for Nairobi, Kenya. Linear regression models were built for malaria cases reported in Nairobi, Kenya, as the dependent variable and various time-based groupings of temperature, rainfall and NDVI data from the dekads in both the current and the previous month as the independent variables. Data from 2003 show that malaria incidence in any given month is best predicted (R2 = 0.881, p < 0.001) by the average NDVI for the 30 days including the final two dekads of the previous month and first dekad of the current month, and by the average rainfall for the 30 days including the three dekads of rainfall data from the prior month. Forecasting an outbreak in an epidemic zone would allow public health entities to plan for and disseminate resources to the general public such as antimalarials and insecticide impregnated bed nets. In addition, vector control measures could be implemented to slow the rate of transmission in the impacted population. 相似文献
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总结分析评述了海军重力研究团队在海空重力测量及应用技术研究领域取得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的研究成果,主要涵盖需求论证与顶层设计、观测数据归算与精度评估、测量误差分析处理与分离补偿、地表观测重力向上延拓、航空观测重力向下延拓、海域重力数据模型构建、地球外部重力场逼近和大地水准面精化等8个研究方向,重点从各项关键技术的研究背景、研究思路、难点突破、成果应用前景等几个方面进行了分析和总结,回答了该研究领域涉及理论方法和工程应用的一系列科学问题,为该领域未来发展提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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介绍了Rough集理论的概念与方法,并将其全面引入GIS领域,归纳整理出Rough集理论用于GIS中属性分析和知识发现的一整套方法,为GIS的属性分析和知识发现开辟了一条新途径。 相似文献
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城市地下管线探测工程质量控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在城市地下管线探测过程中,质量精度控制应建立在严谨的量化分析和数据表述基础上并贯穿于质量控制全过程,以确保探测成果满足现行技术标准的要求。 相似文献
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我国现代高程测定关键技术若干问题的研究及进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
李建成 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(11):980-987
阐述了大地水准面在大地测量学及相关地球科学中的科学意义、作用及其应用,提出了利用GPS技术结合高精度似大地水准面代替我国高程测定的思路,分析了目前地球重力场长波、中波和短波在计算cm级大地水准面中具备的条件,论述了确定1 cm精度城市和5 cm省级似大地水准面的若干关键技术问题及其必要性和可行性,提出了我国cm级大地水准面确定中需解决的主要理论问题和若干关键技术,评述了我国局部大地水准面的主要进展和取得的成果。 相似文献
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介绍了CR的设计,并在鲜水河和龙门山断层进行了布设。针对单幅影像中CR点识别的困难,在采用GPS测量辅助CR点识别的基础上,提出利用安装CR点前后多幅影像的幅度平均对比法来识别CR点。 相似文献
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干旱区生态系统极易受到气候及土地利用变化的影响,其生物多样性格局及其形成机制是重要的生态学问题。基于新疆地区鸟类及哺乳动物物种多样性数据,结合气候、地形和长时间序列的植被遥感参数产品FAPAR数据等,主要在不同的土地利用类型及海拔带上采用单因子相关分析方法探讨了物种丰富度格局的形成机制。总体来说,不同生境类型中,植被遥感参数因子(DHI、NDVI等)与两种类群物种丰富度分布的相关性强于与气候因子(温度、降水)的相关性。具体而言,植被遥感参数因子中,基于FAPAR的生境指数因子与丰富度的相关性大于基于植被指数的因子(DHI_cumNDVI_cumEVI_cum);气候因子中,在草地生境或者较低的海拔上,年均降水因子对于丰富度分布的解释力强于年均温度因子。这表明在新疆地区,影响鸟类与哺乳类动物物种丰富度分布的主导理论是生境异质性假说与环境稳定性假说,其解释力在多种生境内均强于生产力与环境热量。 相似文献
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H. Wolf 《Journal of Geodesy》1980,54(1):45-53
Summary In a combined Doppler and terrestrial net adjustment not only the known systematic discrepancies in scale and orientation
between the Doppler measurements and the terrestrial results must be modelled, but also all available informations about the
accuracy of these systematic differences are to be taken into account. Using the Helmert-block method for the combination
procedure, no covariance matrices for the terrestrially determined coordinates must be computed, their numerical evaluation
being a computational detour. The proposed procedure as applied to real nets, includes all different kinds of geometric or
physical models, whereby their specific parameters are eliminated at this level. Two solutions are discussed, a three-dimensional
and a two-dimensional one, but “two-dimensional” is not equivalent to “non-spatial” in this context. 相似文献
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详细介绍了数据挖掘与数据库中的知识发现(KDD)技术,给出了KDD的定义以及KDD具体实现的3种处理模型,并从GIS和遥感影像分析两个方面论述了KDD技术在测绘中的应用. 相似文献
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日本天然气水合物研发进展及对中国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着工业的发展和社会的变革,世界对化石燃料的需求正急剧增长。目前的能源供给主要来自资源丰富的常规油气。但是,这些资源不是可再生和用之不竭的,预计在不远的将来会面临严重的短缺。毫无疑问,非常规油气的勘查开发已成为当前全球能源发展的主要方向,其中天然气水合物更是世界各国研究的重点。日本作为最早开展天然气水合物研发的国家之一,在水合物的资源勘查和评价、生产方法建立、技术研发和改进以及环境影响评价等方面积累了丰富的经验。本文在全面归纳和总结日本甲烷水合物研发计划进展的基础上,结合中国甲烷水合物研发进展,为未来的工作方向提出了建议,如制定研发计划路线图、开展陆上或海上生产试验以及调动企业积极性等。 相似文献
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辩证法简要地确定为对立统一的学说。文中论述地图投影、地图比例尺、专题制图、地图概括、地图现势性的演化和地图制图过程等地图学中的对立统一问题,说明对立统一在地图学中普遍存在,从而在哲学层面上阐释地图学发展演进的动力机理。 相似文献