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基于GIS的福州市地震应急避难场所布局研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于GIS平台,完成福州市地震应急避难场所数据入库工作,根据地震避难场所服务能力的影响因子计算服务半径,利用加权Voronoi图生成福州市应急避难场所服务范围分区图,分析现有避难场地服务区服务人口负载情况,对避难场地空间配置提出建议。 相似文献
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While drainage network models may be relatively easy to assemble as a prerequisite to site selection for infrastructure supporting suburbanisation with Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), this is unlikely to be the case if the terrain is very subdued. Both ab initio and retro-fit WSUD implementation for such terrain refers, in the first instance, to a drainage network model that includes information on the scope for optimising residential space while conforming to: (1) statutory planning rules about the provision of public open space; and (2) WSUD drainage network design such that runoff waters are retained long enough to allow at least temporary storage. It is shown in this research that a technique applied to condition a LiDAR DEM can accurately model the drainage network of a basin at the land-parcel scale. The drainage network for ab initio WSUD is best defined using multi-flow modelling, with the relative significance of stream segments indicated by their stream order derived using the Strahler method. In contrast, when applying the retro-fit WSUD, the relative significance of segments given by the Shreve stream order method was found to be more useful. The approaches described in this article are designed to support the initial site planning stage and avoid the need for immediate and expensive detailed field survey. At the same time they can be deployed to show how much scope there is for WSUD retro-fit in established housing areas up-stream of an infill development area. Thus, basin-wide appraisal is facilitated and the need for earthmoving is minimised. 相似文献
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GIS analyses use moving window methods and hotspot detection to identify point patterns within a given area. Such methods can detect clusters of point events such as crime or disease incidences. Yet, these methods do not account for connections between entities, and thus, areas with relatively sparse event concentrations but high network connectivity may go undetected. We develop two scan methods (i.e., moving window or focal processes), EdgeScan and NDScan, for detecting local spatial-social connections. These methods capture edges and network density, respectively, for each node in a given focal area. We apply methods to a social network of Mafia members in New York City in the 1960s and to a 2019 spatial network of home-to-restaurant visits in Atlanta, Georgia. These methods successfully capture focal areas where Mafia members are highly connected and where restaurant visitors are highly local; these results differ from those derived using traditional spatial hotspot analysis using the Getis–Ord Gi* statistic. Finally, we describe how these methods can be adapted to weighted, directed, and bipartite networks and suggest future improvements. 相似文献
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Diego Bogado Tomasiello Mariana Giannotti Renato Arbex Clodoveu Davis 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):203-223
Vehicle tracking is a spatio‐temporal source of high‐granularity travel time information that can be used for transportation planning. However, it is still a challenge to combine data from heterogeneous sources into a dynamic transport network, while allowing for network modifications over time. This article uses conceptual modeling to develop multi‐temporal transport networks in geographic information systems (GIS) for accessibility studies. The proposed multi‐temporal network enables accessibility studies with different temporal granularities and from any location inside the city, resulting in a flexible tool for transport and urban planning. The implemented network is tested in two case studies that focus on socially excluded people in a large global city, São Paulo, Brazil, including accessibility analyses from slum areas. It explores variations within a day and differences between transport modes across time. Case study results indicate how the accessibility is heterogeneous in low‐income regions. 相似文献
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基于GIS的森林火灾扑救路径的构建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
森林火灾一般发生在偏远的山区,公路无法直接到达,而在森林火灾扑救过程中如何结合已有的公路、防火林带和无公路的区域,确定最优的行进路线,是扑火指挥员进行指挥决策的重要依据。通常的网络分析仅仅是在已有的矢量数据上进行分析,一般不包括栅格数据。本文讲述了如何基于ArcGIS 8.1的内置数据库Geo-Database构建森林火灾扑救网络数据库,以地形数据、网络数据、植被数据等作为基本数据,用ArcObjects编程实现最优路径的确定。 相似文献
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以泰安市泰山区为例,介绍了GPS静态相对定位技术在新建控制网测量中的应用,讨论了用GPS静态相对定位技术建立城市区域控制网的方法,指出了在GPS测量中应注意的问题。基线解算和网平差方面,进行了三维无约束平差计算和二维约束平差,分析了城市GPS区域控制网所能达到的精度。在GPS网三维无约束平差的基础上,结合人工干预的方法剔除误差,使之可以达到更高等级GPS网的测量精度要求,能够满足城市建设和城市规划的测量成果的需求。 相似文献
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《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》1999,54(4):221-233
This paper explores a methodology for computing the amount of changes that have occurred within an area by using remotely sensed technologies and fuzzy modelling. The discussion concentrates on the formulation of a standard procedure that, using the concept of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, can define the likelihood of changes detected from remotely sensed data. Furthermore, an example of how fuzzy visualisation of areas undergoing changes can be incorporated into a decision support system for prioritisation of areas requiring topographic map revision and updating is presented. By adapting the membership function of the fuzzy model to fit the shape of the histogram characterising the change image (derived from any of the common pre-classification methods of change detection), areas can be identified according to their likelihood of having undergone change during the period of observation. 相似文献
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针对各地现有卫星导航定位基准站可用星座存在差异性的问题，提出了按星座分别生成虚拟参考站数据的方法。该方法通过修正接收机钟差影响，实现了多个参考站作为主参考站生成同一个站点的虚拟观测值，有效避免了单个主参考站星座兼容性的影响，可为流动站提供更多的可用卫星。试验针对部分基准站不兼容北斗卫星的情况，分别在开阔区域和房角区域测试了按星座组网前后流动站的定位性能。结果显示：更多基准站参与服务能够改善虚拟参考站数据质量；按星座组网后流动站的定位质量更优，尤其可以显著改善流动站在房角等有遮挡区域的可用性和定位质量。研究成果对于有效整合当前各类基准站数据资源、提升服务对星座的兼容性具有实用价值。 相似文献
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本文针对几何方法在山区存在的局限性,提出了一种考虑地形起伏影响的几何方法。试验结果表明,在山区应用该方法可以获得与平原地区精度相当的高程异常。文中推导了GPS网正常高求解的数学模型,并分析了正常高求解结果的精度。 相似文献
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涉密网络与低密级网络隔离后,如何方便地实现数据的交换是各企业、政府等网络建设的首先面对的、也是网络安全领域一直在探索的问题。本文针对国土资源部网络安全的现状,重点对国土资源涉密内网、非涉密网的数据交换方式进行了探讨,在此基础上提出了处理政务外网与地方政务内网数据交换问题、密级标识和信息等级标识问题、隔离数据交换方式问题的基本策略。 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）是开展城市建筑区信息获取与动态监测的重要数据源。本文建立了一个面向深度学习建筑区提取的中高分辨率SAR建筑区数据集SARBuD1.0 （SAR BUilding Dataset）。该数据集包含了覆盖中国不同区域的27景高分三号（GF-3）精细模式SAR图像,并从中获取了建筑区共计60000个SAR样本数据,结合光学图像与专家解译,制作了与样本数据对应的标签图像。SARBuD1.0数据集包含了不同地形场景类型、不同分布类型、不同区域的建筑区。该数据集可支持研究者对建筑区进行图像特征分析、辅助图像理解,并可对当前热点深度学习方法提供训练、测试数据支持。本文以山区建筑为例,使用传统纹理特征与深度学习特征对建筑区进行了特征分析与比较,相比于传统的人工设计的纹理特征,卷积神经网络具有更深、更多的特征,利用网络模型浅层的不同卷积核采样可得到各种纹理特征,在网络的深层卷积结构中可获取代表着类别的深层语义特征,使得分类器能更好地检测并提取图像中指定的目标。基于本数据集利用深度学习方法对不同地形区域的建筑区进行提取实验。实验结果表明基于本数据集训练的深度学习模型,对建筑区提取可以取得良好的结果,说明该数据集可以很好支持面向大数据的深度学习方法。其他学者可以基于SARBuD1.0数据集开展建筑区图像特征分析与语义分割提取等方面的研究。 相似文献
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Olav Vestøl 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(5):248-258
Precise leveling, tide-gauge recordings and time series from continuous GPS stations are all sources of information about the ongoing postglacial land uplift in Fennoscandia. This article describes how to gather these three sources of data together in a least-squares collocation adjustment in order to calculate uplift rates, as well as new heights for the benchmarks in the leveling network. The estimated reliability of the resulting uplift model is in general better than 0.4 mm/year, decreasing in areas of fewer data.A smoother and extended version of the land uplift model described here is used in the adjustment of the new height system in Sweden (RH 2000) under the name RH 2000 LU. Later on, the name was changed to NKG2005LU. The Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) has decided to use the same model when they calculate their new height system, N2000. 相似文献
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黄纪晨 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(3):137-141
GNSS测量可以同时获得相对精度较高的三维坐标,是现代工程中重要的控制网布设手段。但GNSS观测数据只被用来布设平面控制网,高程数据并没有被充分利用。本文将神经网络算法和地形改正相结合,建立高程异常拟合模型,目的是充分利用GNSS的高程观测数据,在水准测量困难地区提高效率。 相似文献
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CPⅢ控制网平面测量精度要求高、外业观测数据量大。如何进行CPⅢ控制网外业观测数据的粗差探测并进行精度评定,是CPⅢ控制网测量实践的重要内容之一。本文在充分研究CPⅢ平面控制网网形特点的基础上,引申出CPⅢ网纵横向较差的概念,并提出粗差检测方法。通过验证,该方法可以有效剔除含有粗差的外业观测数据,提高CPⅢ网的可靠性和... 相似文献
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In recent years in India, deregulation has opened the telecommunications market up to new arenas putting pressure on existing organizations to become more efficient. New technologies such as fibre optic cables, efficient terrestrial broadcasting and satellites are offering greatly increased bandwidth. However, the ever-increasing demand to provide low-cost and large area coverage with high reception quality has forced these industries to explore advanced optimization strategies for their network planning. The telecommunications companies have begun to recognize that many of their work practices have spatial elements and data can be used more efficiently. In the present study, a planning strategy for establishing a network of towers for the purpose of mobile communications using remote sensing and raster GIS is demonstrated. In particular, this study addresses how to develop a surface model using IRS-1C PAN stereo pair. This information derived from the satellite data was integrated with raster GIS GRID modelling. The study clearly demonstrates that the IRS data could be utilized for planning a suitable network of towers for telecom applications. 相似文献
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Ran Tao Daniel Strandow Michael Findley Jean‐Claude Thill James Walsh 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(3):413-425
Territorial control is central to the understanding of violent armed conflicts, yet reliable and valid measures of this concept do not exist. We argue that geospatial analysis provides an important perspective to measure the concept. In particular, measuring territorial control can be seen as an application of calculating service areas around points of control. The modeling challenge is acute for areas with limited road infrastructure, where no complete network is available to perform the analysis, and movements largely occur off road. We present a new geospatial approach that applies network analysis on a hybrid transportation network with both actual road data and hexagon‐fishnet‐based artificial road data representing on‐road and off‐road movements, respectively. Movement speed or restriction can be readily adjusted using various input data. Simulating off‐road movement with hexagon‐fishnet‐based artificial road data has a number of advantages including scalability to small or large study areas and flexibility to allow all‐directional travel. We apply this method to measuring territorial control of armed groups in Sub‐Saharan Africa where inferior transport infrastructure is the norm. Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program's (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Data (GED) as well as spatial data on terrain, population locations, and limited transportation networks, we enhance the delineation of the specific areas directly controlled by each warring party during civil wars within a given travel time. 相似文献
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Noa Ohana-Levi Tarin Paz-Kagan Natalya Panov Aviva Peeters Asaf Tsoar 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(3):362-387
Land-use changes as a result of residential development often lead to degradation and alter vegetation cover (VC). Although these are worldwide phenomena, sufficient knowledge about anthropogenic effects caused by various populated areas in dryland ecosystems is lacking. This study explored anthropogenic development in rural areas and its effects on the conservation of protected areas in drylands, focusing on the change in VC, the reasons, extent, and the drivers of change. We propose a novel framework for exploring VC change (VCC) as a function of environmental and human-driven factors including different types of populated areas in drylands. As a case study, we used a 30-year time series of Landsat satellite images over the arid region of Israel to analyze spatiotemporal VCC. The temporal analysis involved the Contextual Mann-Kendall significance test and spatial analysis to model clustering of VCC. A Gradient Boosted Regression machine learning algorithm was applied to study the relative influence of environmental and human-driven factors on VCC. In addition, we used ANOVA to examine differences between the effects of three types of populated areas on the spatiotemporal trends of VC. The results show that the most influential environmental variable on VCC was elevation (relative contribution of 17%), followed by slope (14.8%) and distance from populated areas (14.6%). Moreover, different types of populated areas affected VC differently with varying distances from residential centroids. The nature reserves increased VC positively and significantly, while livestock settlements had a negative effect. Change in vegetation was mostly confined to the stream network and occurred in lower elevations. The study demonstrates how different land-use practices alter the landscape in terms of VC and differ in their extents, patterns, and effects. With the expected growth in population and residential development worldwide, the proposed framework may assist conservation managements and policy makers in minimizing environmental degradation in drylands. 相似文献