共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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用环境同位素论区域地下水资源属性 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
从可持续角度提出了区域地下水资源属性的概念; 分析了含水层系统中地下水质点的时间效应; 利用大量同位素资料分析了不同区域含水层系统中的地下水资源属性和人类活动对地下水资源属性的影响.指出利用环境同位素是研究区域地下水资源属性最直接、有效的方法; 正确认识评价区域地下水资源属性对实现地下水资源可持续性具有重要意义. 相似文献
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海河流域地下水资源保护 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
韩再生 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(1):25-28
地下水资源在海河流域至关重要的资源。海河平原的浅层和深层含水层大面积处于严重超采状态。地下水资源的的过量开采造成了严重环境问题。为了保护地下水资源，评价了可行的技术。利用洪水和废水进行人工回灌已进行了试验。在很多地区可以应用地表回灌系统，城市地区实施深层含水层的回灌。更好地策略是减少地下水的抽取量，特别是为了减缓地面沉降和海水入侵。应该联合运用减少地下水抽水量和人工回灌，以解决地下水位持续下降和含水层恢复的问题。 相似文献
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河南境内黄河流域地下水系统划分与系统分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在河南境内黄河流域地下水系统划分的研究，探讨区域地下水系统划分应依据两个基本条件：（1）依据地质环境因素确定含水层系统；（2）含水层系统是否具有独立的水循环流动系统，即拥有完整的补给，径流，排泄系统。河南境内黄河流域划分成5个区域地下水系统（3个孔隙地下水系统，2个裂隙岩溶水系统），都具有稳定的边界，便于对地下水资源做出准确评价，开发，规划和管理。 相似文献
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广州南部地区水文地质特征及含水层结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广州南部地区是广州城市建设战略中＂南拓＂的重要区域。开展水文地质研究对本区城市地下水的监测和保护以及地下空间开发利用具有重要意义。分析了研究区地下水类型及其分布规律、补给径流排泄条件以及水化学特征等,充分综合已有钻孔岩性信息将第四系松散孔隙沉积物概化出三个主要含水层,揭示了各含水层的展布规律,为广州南部地区地下水资源开... 相似文献
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运用三维变密度潮汐效应模型确定滨海含水系统的海底等效边界——山东烟台夹河中下游地区为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
确定咸淡水界面的位置是滨海地区海水入侵研究的主要任务之一。对于天然条件承压含水层而言，含水层顶板向海底延伸的距离直接影响了咸淡水界面的位置，它可以通过承压含水层中地下水的潮汐效应信息来确定。考虑到咸淡水之间密度的差异，建立了山东省夹河中下游地区滨海含水系统地下水三维变密度潮汐效应模型。通过反复对比潮汐效应观测中的地下水水头波动与模型计算出的水头波动，确定了滨海承压含水系统的海底边界。同时，也初步估计出海区与近海陆区含水层的水文地质参数。 相似文献
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Groundwater, as a precious resource hidden underground, is an important component of the global water system. Transboundary
aquifers containing substantial amount of groundwater often carry crucial ecological and social implications. Yet, it is unfortunate
that transboundary aquifers have hardly been in the forefront of political and scientific discussions, and have not received
due attention by policymakers. This article attempts to summarize the investigation on the eight transboundary aquifers that
China shares with the neighboring countries. An overview on the groundwater resources in China, including its distribution,
exploitation and challenges is also provided. Hydrogeological condition of the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin aquifer, which
is one of the eight major aquifers, is further elaborated. Cooperative activities carried out by China and Russia on monitoring
and management of this aquifer are also presented. 相似文献
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Transboundary groundwater commonly implies a body of groundwater intersected by a political border with the attendant potential threat of dispute over a shared resource. This definition is inadequate in many parts of southern Africa. Approximately 96% of South Africa’s borders are underlain by low-yielding aquifers and, coupled with a low demand for water attendant on low population density, the risk of over-pumping or pollution leading to dispute is low, and a modified understanding is required. Examples of transboundary aquifers are used to illustrate implications for policy and management of southern African transboundary groundwater resources, where transmissivities are low and, less commonly, where over-pumping may indeed be a problem. The general lack of technical cooperation, data sharing, training and research between the riparian states on hydrogeology hampers a mutual understanding of the resources. The concept of transboundary groundwater must necessarily include aquifers where little cross-border flow occurs, but where cross-border cooperation will help to ensure sustainable cooperative utilisation of shared aquifer resources. This is imperative if future disputes are to be averted. Agreement between scientists is a necessary precursor to broader transnational governance agreements in regard to shared water resources, and recent initiatives by the Orange-Senqu River Commission promise closer integration. 相似文献
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Groundwater status and associated issues in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin: International collaborations to achieve sustainable groundwater resources 
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下载免费PDF全文 Eunhee Lee Kyoochul Ha Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc Adichat Surinkum Ramasamy Jayakumar Yongje Kim Kamaludin Bin Hassan 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(1):1-13
Groundwater is an important and readily available source of fresh water in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin. With a rapid population growth and increasing human activities, an increasing number of countries in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin are experiencing depleted and degraded groundwater supplies. In transboundary river basins, such as the Mekong-Lancang River, prioritizing the use of the shared aquifer by one riparian government may affect the opportunities of other riparian governments and lead to potential water conflicts between neighboring countries. To promote the sharing of strategies and information for the sustainable and equitable use of water resources of the shared basin, international collaborative workshops on groundwater resources have been organized for all Mekong-Lancang River countries. These workshops provide an opportunity to communicate and discuss nationally sensitive issues on groundwater by the associated countries, with topics covering multiple aspects of groundwater, such as the groundwater status in the basin, quality issues, water use conflicts, hydrological information gaps, management policies and capacity building for successful water resource management. Consensus has been reached by all countries on the importance of catchment-based groundwater management and the need for close communication among the countries. Strategies for managing transboundary aquifer issues must foster international collaboration based on the regional network, influence national networks and enhance the capacity to building maps and monitoring systems based on associated databases. The sustainability of water resources cannot be achieved without the integrated involvement and contributions by multiple countries and various stakeholders. Therefore, collaborative workshops provide a great opportunity to further our understanding of the hydrologic processes of the Mekong River Basin, share the benefits of the aquifer and provide a strategy and vision for sustainable water resource management in the Mekong-Lancang River countries. 相似文献
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Analysis on exploitation status,potential and strategy of groundwater resources in the five countries of Central Asia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 As an important part of water resources of the five countries of Central Asia, groundwater resources give critical supports to the regional economic development. Accompanied by rapid economic development, the demand of groundwater is increasing. As a result, the governments are paying more attention to groundwater resource development and utilization. However, there are noticeable issues and contradictions in water resource exploration in these countries. To be more specific, these countries lack the studies in development potential and conception planning, thus influencing the sustainable groundwater development. This paper mainly discusses groundwater development problems in the five countries of Central Asia, and briefly introduces volumes and distribution of transboundary groundwater. In addition, it analyzes the current exploitation status of groundwater and studies the potential in utilizing the resource. Most importantly, it proposes creative ways to address groundwater development issues: To make best of the resource, international cooperation is required. 相似文献
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随着人口的激增和水资源压力的不断增大,跨界含水层在地下水利用和供水安全保障方面处于越来越重要的位置。目前,围绕跨界含水层主要开展了以下三个方面的工作:联合国教科文组织国际水文计划联合其他相关机构,对世界各主要大洲进行了跨界含水层的标示及划分工作;在总结完善相关跨界含水层法律条文的基础上,联合国国际法委员会于2008年向联合国大会上提交了跨界含水层草案条款,该项草案条款的出台对共享含水层各国开发和管理地下水具有重要的指导意义;在联合国教科文组织及其他机构的推动下,各大洲已逐步开展对跨界含水层的研究,并建立了相关的合作机构。分析表明,跨界含水层的研究需要相关国家间的进一步协商与合作。 相似文献
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40 多年来,我国西北地区大规模的地下水开发利用造成了部分地区地下水水位持续下降甚至泉水干涸,部分地区地下水仍能维持动态稳定,判断这类地区水资源开发利用是否具有可持续性是必须解决的重大科学问题。以黑河流域中游盆地作为研究对象,采用MK检验和连续小波分析等方法,分析长时间序列地下水水位数据的变化特点,研究区域地下水动态特征;结合区域水文地质条件,综合划分黑河流域中游盆地地下水补排平衡区与非平衡区;利用克里金插值法估算1990—2020 年盆地含水层对水资源的调节水量,并评价不同动态平衡区的调蓄能力。结果显示,黑河流域中游盆地地下水水位动态类型有:水文型、水文-开采型、开采型和蒸发-开采型4种长周期动态稳定型,过量开采型或上游过度引用地表水型2 种长周期持续下降型。黑河-梨园河倾斜平原、酒泉盆地和黑河中游下段侵蚀堆积平原的大厚度含水层是黑河流域中游盆地的地下水补排平衡区,其在1990—2001 年共输出地下水12.06×108 m3,2001—2020年共储存地下水9.06×108 m3。大厚度含水层为地下水的长周期调蓄提供了充足的空间,在合理控制开采量的前提下,该类含水层的天然调蓄能力可满足生产生活和下游生态用水需要。盆地地下水补排非平衡区,如黑河以东诸河倾斜平原、盐池盆地和榆木山山前诸小河流域等地区,目前的地下水开发利用方式和强度是不可持续的,应适当减少地下水开采量,调节盆地上游的引水量和开采量,抑制地下水资源枯竭。本研究成果可为西北干旱内陆地区水资源管理和持续开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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The implementation of laws relating to transboundary aquifers necessitates field knowledge so that the laws can be coincident with reality on the ground. The definition of ‘shared aquifer’ is more complex than the mere physically shared body of groundwater flowing from country A to country B. The border between Ethiopia and Kenya is characterized by low-volume groundwater storage and low transboundary flows. However, groundwater has visible environmental, social and economic functions. The characteristics of groundwater flow and storage in aquifers shared between Ethiopia and Kenya are different from those used in setting the foundation of the international legal framework on shared aquifers. By describing the characteristics of the groundwaters that are shared between Ethiopia and Kenya, this work demonstrates that the international legal framework is inadequate when applied in this region. The main inadequacies are: (1) international law does not specify the minimum volume of transboundary flow in an aquifer for it to qualify to be treated under the law, and (2) the physical aspects of water get more emphasis than the functions of groundwater. A more adequate international legal framework would be one that considers specific types of groundwater and local needs. 相似文献