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1.
Climatological characteristics of the tropics in China： climate classification schemes between German scientists and Huang Bingwei 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ManfredDomroes 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3):271-285
Reviewing some important German scientists who have developed climatic regionalization schemes either on a global or Chinese scale, their various definitions of the tropical climate characteristics in China are discussed and compared with Huang Bingwei‘s climate classification scheme and the identification of the tropical climate therein. It can be seen that, due to different methodological approaches of the climatic regionalization schemes, the definitions of the tropics vary and hence also their spatial distribution in China. However, it is found that the tropical climate type occupies only a peripheral part of southern China, though it firmly represents a distinctive type of climate that is subsequently associated with a great economic importance for China. As such, the tropical climate type was mostly identified with its agro-climatological significance, that is by giving favourable growing conditions all-year round for perennial crops with a great heat demand. Tropical climate is, hence, conventionally regarded to be governed by all-year round summer conditions “where winter never comes“. 相似文献
2.
Manfred Domroes 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3)
Reviewing some important German scientists who have developed climatic regionalizationschemes either on a global or Chinese scale, their various definitions of the tropical climatecharacteristics in China are discussed and compared with Huang Bingwei's climate classificationscheme and the identification of the tropical climate therein. It can be seen that, due to differentmethodological approaches of the climatic regionalization schemes, the definitions of the tropics varyand hence also their spatial distribution in China. However, it is found that the tropical climate typeoccupies only a peripheral part of southern China, though it firmly represents a distinctive type ofclimate that is subsequently associated with a great economic importance for China. As such, thetropical climate type was mostly identified with its agro-climatological significance, that is by givingfavourable growing conditions all-year round for perennial crops with a great heat demand. Tropicalclimate is, hence, conventionally regarded to be govemed by all-year round summer conditions "wherewinter never comes". 相似文献
3.
中国1951-1980年及1981-2010年的气候区划 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
根据资料均一性、完整性和连续性,从1951-2010年中国756个站气象观测日值数据集中,遴选了654个站(1951-1980年)和658个站(1981-2010年)的资料,依据气候区划理论,遵循同一区划原则,采用同一区划方法和指标体系,分别对中国1951-1980年及1981-2010年2个时段的气候状况进行了区划。结果将中国分为12个温度带、24个干湿区、56个气候区;对比表明:虽然这2个时段所划分的气候区数量一致,但与1951-1980年相比,在56个气候区中,有30个区在1981-2010年间出现了水平位置移动或范围盈缩;其余26气候区虽然水平位置、范围未出现显著移动或盈缩,但多数区域的区划指标值也出现了变化,说明在过去60年中,中国气候格局已出现了一定程度的变化。 相似文献
4.
为了草地农业区域优化发展，依W Koppen世界气候分类途径，进行了中国气候分类及草地农业气候分区，依据相应途径，制作了中国饲草寒冷度分区图和中国饲草炎热度分区图，分析了各饲草气候区适宜的饲草作物种类及管理对策。中国气候及草地农业气候有17个类型，归并为6个饲草气候系统，中国饲草寒冷度分11个区，中国饲草炎热度分8个区。每个气候系统及寒冷度分区和炎热度分区内，分别有适宜的饲草作物，其评价标准为：生态适应、生长状态正常、发挥潜在遗传产量、有经济效益。干旱饲草气候系统发展低密度放牧饲养，湿润饲草气候系统发展规模化集约饲养，为中国草地畜牧业生产模式的基本理论选择。 相似文献
5.
The influence of monsoon climatic characteristics makes the tropics of China different from those of other parts of the world. Therefore, the location of the northern boundary of China’s tropical zone has been one of the most controversial issues in the study of comprehensive physical regionalisation in China. This paper introduces developments in the study of the northern boundary of China’s tropical zone, in which different scholars delimit the boundary with great differences based on different regionalisation objectives, indexes, and methods. The main divergence of opinion is found in different understandings of zonal vegetation, agricultural vegetation type, cropping systems, tropical soil type and tropical characteristics. In this study, we applied the GeoDetector model, which measures the spatial stratified heterogeneity, to validate the northern boundaries of the tropical zone delimited by six principal scholars. The results show that the mean q-statistic value of the higher latitude boundary delimited by Ren Mei’e is the largest (q=0.37), suggesting that, of the rival views, it best reflects the regional differences between China’s tropical and subtropical zones, but it is not necessarily suitable for guiding the development of tropical agriculture. The mean values of the q-statistics of Zheng Du’s line and Yu Xianfang’s line around the Leizhou Peninsula at a lower latitude were smaller, at 0.10 and 0.08 respectively, indicating that the regional differences were smaller than those of Ren Mei’e’s boundary. Against the background of global climate change, the climate itself is changing in fluctuation. It is, thus, worth our further research whether the northern boundary of the tropical zone should not be a fixed line but rather should fluctuate within a certain scope to reflect these changes. 相似文献
6.
基于GIS的云南烤烟种植气候动态分区评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于气象、烟叶化学成分含量的大样本数据,通过完善烤烟种植气候适宜性定量评价指标体系,构建气象条件对烟叶品质影响的定量评判标准,在精细化模拟推算基本气象要素地理空间分布的基础上,应用GIS技术实现了烤烟种植气候的动态分区评估。以云南省两个典型气候年份为例,在GIS平台下将统计模型推算与空间插值技术方法有机结合,尝试突破传... 相似文献
7.
中国自然地理学中的气候变化研究前沿进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
气候学是自然地理学的重要组成部分;过去气候变化和当代气候增暖的影响与适应研究是中国自然地理学在气候变化领域的2个主要研究方向。本文综述了这2个研究方向的主要进展,包括：分别简述研究的意义、发展历程与主要科学问题;梳理总结中国过去气候变化重建与时空特征分析,历史时期气候变化的影响,全球增暖背景下中国气候区划变动特征,全球增暖对中国自然生态系统、水资源、农业等方面影响的区域差异,气候变化的综合风险区划等方面的前沿进展,特别是在各方面所取得的主要科学认识;以期为未来的深入研究,特别是编制相关领域和学科发展战略提供参考。 相似文献
8.
The influence of monsoon climatic characteristics makes the tropics of China different from those of other parts of the world. Therefore, the location of the northern boundary of China's tropical zone has been one of the most controversial issues in the study of comprehensive physical regionalisation in China. This paper introduces developments in the study of the northern boundary of China's tropical zone, in which different scholars delimit the boundary with great differences based on different regionalisation objectives, indexes, and methods. The main divergence of opinion is found in different understandings of zonal vegetation, agricultural vegetation type, cropping systems, tropical soil type and tropical characteristics. In this study, we applied the Geo Detector model, which measures the spatial stratified heterogeneity, to validate the northern boundaries of the tropical zone delimited by six principal scholars. The results show that the mean q-statistic value of the higher latitude boundary delimited by Ren Mei'e is the largest(q=0.37), suggesting that, of the rival views, it best reflects the regional differences between China's tropical and subtropical zones, but it is not necessarily suitable for guiding the development of tropical agriculture. The mean values of the q-statistics of Zheng Du's line and Yu Xianfang's line around the Leizhou Peninsula at a lower latitude were smaller, at 0.10 and 0.08 respectively, indicating that the regional differences were smaller than those of Ren Mei'e's boundary. Against the background of global climate change, the climate itself is changing in fluctuation. It is, thus, worth our further research whether the northern boundary of the tropical zone should not be a fixed line but rather should fluctuate within a certain scope to reflect these changes. 相似文献
9.
竺可桢同志与我国热带和海南岛的科学研究(一)我国热带、亚热带界线问题 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
竺可桢同志逝世,忽忽已十更寒暑。他生前在中国科学院任副院长二十多年,对我国热带的研究抱着很大热忱。我国自然条件复杂,但热带面积不大。利用如此有限的热带,对全国经济可以挹注有无,截长补短,起到很重要的作用。从五十年代中期开始,他曾积极组织琼雷和滇南的综合考察,他自己亦数度跋涉于湿热的环境中。 相似文献
10.
我国于1912年在北京设立了中央观象台(包括天文与气象),但只限于气候观测,谈不到气候学的研究。我国气候学研究迄今可以说有两个转折点。一个转折点就是1928年在南京成立了中央研究院气象研究所,开始了气候学的研究。第二个转折点就是新中国成立后在南京大学气象系于1952年设立了气候专业。国际上的气候学发展在70年代确已从描述性进入定量性的阶段,发展了动力气候学与统计气候学数值模拟,并且向气候预报方向逐渐发展,尤其是统计预报发展更快。 相似文献
11.
2000 年来中国人口地理演变的Agent 模拟分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以基于自主体模拟为建模工具。建立了包含气候、农业、社会影响因素的中国2000年来人口地理演变模型。基于该模型对南北人口格局的转变、东西人口格局（即胡焕庸线）的形成以及2000年来全局人口分布演化的动力机制做了分析。研究结果表明：在不考虑气候变化、农业生产潜力波动以及社会因素影响的情景下,中国各省人口模拟值与实际值的相关系数达到0．9733,省区间初始农业生产潜力差异决定了人口的基本分布状态,是人口分布特征的内在因素．对人口地理演化具有深远的影响：中国人口分布南重北轻的人口分布格局发生在910年代左右．以安史之乱导致的战祸和动荡的社会条件为主要演化动力：胡焕庸线中国人口东西部分布格局形成于1235-1255年代左右,以1230-1260A．D．的气候突变为该人口分布特征线形成的主要动力：气候变化对2000来历史人口分布的全局演化过程中起了主导驱动作用,在单影响要素的情景中,气候变化对全局人口分布形成的贡献率最大,为0．9869,进一步,气候变化对人口地理演化的影响以1230-1260A．D．的气候突变为转折点表现为阶段性差异。 相似文献
12.
Karen L. O'Brien 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(1):140-153
Tropical deforestation is widely believed to directly influence the climate at a number of scales. Yet while much has been written about the tropical forest-climate relationship, there is little empirical evidence showing if and how local and regional climates are modified by deforestation. This study presents the results of an analysis of deforestation and climate change in a rain forest in southern Mexico. Records from 18 climate stations in the Selva Lacandona of Chiapas, Mexico were examined and related to an analysis of deforestation based on Landsat images. The area surrounding some stations has been deforested since the stations were established, while the area surroundings others has remained forested. Strong climatic trends were generally evident at the deforested stations, including decreases in the average daily maximum temperature and temperature range. No precipitation changes were observed. A comparison of the results with microclimatic experiments and modeling studies suggests that the climatic impacts of deforestation are overgeneralized at the local scale. Landscape heterogeneity appears to influence the biophysical mechanisms linking tropical forests and climate, and should be explicitly represented in modeling studies. 相似文献
13.
能源消费与气候关系的中美比较研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
应用多项式模型把气候耗能量从能源消费总量中分离出来,用统计分析的方法探讨了中国和美国气候耗能量与气候因子之间的关系及其变化。研究表明:温度是美国近50年来影响气候耗能量的主要气候因子,中国从20世纪50年代到80年代初,旱涝灾害一直是影响中国气候耗能量的主要气候因子,它们之间存在有明显的线性相关关系,自20世纪80年代初以来,随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,旱涝灾害对气候耗能量的影响明显减弱,温度对气候耗能量的影响逐渐增强,如果仅考虑气候耗能量,目前中国的能源消费变化正处于由气象灾害驱动型向温度驱动型的过渡时期。 相似文献
14.
新疆沙尘暴源区的气候与荒漠环境变化 总被引：28，自引：11，他引：17
根据新疆地区50年来的气候变化以及人类活动的影响,阐述了新疆沙尘暴源区气候与荒漠环境变化。结果表明,新疆地区的气候由暖干向暖湿发展。自20世纪70年代中期以来,暖湿过程非常明显,特别是新疆南疆与北疆的气候变化特点和高山与盆地的气候变化差异以及湖泊水域面积的变化,都明显地反映了干旱区域气候变化的敏感性,并且也反映了新疆区域气候与中国中、东部气候变化的差异性。由于气候的波动变化和人类活动的干扰,使荒漠环境也在不同区域受到不同程度影响,尤其是干旱地区的降水、大气湿润程度和下垫面状况都直接影响着沙尘暴的发生和发展。20世纪80年代后期以来,温度的突变是造成环境恶化、灾害增多的主要原因之一,同时也反映出干旱内陆区是气候变化过程中的敏感反应区。 相似文献
15.
中国综合气候变化风险区划 总被引：25，自引：7，他引：18
气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。 相似文献
16.
Michael F. Thomas 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(2):111-127
Historically, geomorphologists have applied uniformitarian principles based on a temperate normality to all water-worn landscapes. Isolation of tropical landforms within formal morphogenetic regions, which arose during the early history of the subject, has persisted. However, in a global geomorphology, plate tectonic motion, Milankovich cycles of climate change and invasive weather systems all render fixed climatic boundaries meaningless and, on every timescale of enquiry, interaction of the tropics with extra-tropical regions is fundamental. In tropical regions, the continuity of weathering processes through geologic time emphasizes their contemporary relevance and, with knowledge of Quaternary climate changes, increases understanding of the nature of landscape sensitivity and instability and fluvial sedimentation on millennial timescales. Examples are illustrated from northeast Queensland, Australia and northwest Kalimantan, Indonesia. Global concerns centred on hazards and resources need to be addressed through a reciprocal exchange of ideas involving greater focus on tropical areas. 相似文献
17.
国内外农户对气候变化/变异感知与适应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于国内外农户气候变化感知和适应研究进展,在辨析气候变化和气候变异概念的基础上,阐释农户气候变化/变异感知结果及影响因素。研究发现农户气候变化感知与适应行为之间存在不确定关系,农户气候变化感知直接转化为适应策略需克服一系列障碍因素。针对农户气候变化适应策略,在系统梳理国内外农户适应策略的基础上,对这些策略是否属于气候变化和变异适应行为提出质疑,认为不能忽略其他复杂的社会经济和政治因素对这些措施的驱动作用。最后,对中国未来研究提出慎重大规模开展农户气候变化感知及适应研究、厘清气候变化/变异感知与适应策略之间关系和重视时空异质性以及农户异质性研究三点展望。 相似文献
18.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):140-153
Tropical deforestation is widely believed to directly influence the climate at a number of scales. Yet while much has been written about the tropical forest-climate relationship, there is little empirical evidence showing if and how local and regional climates are modified by deforestation. This study presents the results of an analysis of deforestation and climate change in a rain forest in southern Mexico. Records from 18 climate stations in the Selva Lacandona of Chiapas, Mexico were examined and related to an analysis of deforestation based on Landsat images. The area surrounding some stations has been deforested since the stations were established, while the area surroundings others has remained forested. Strong climatic trends were generally evident at the deforested stations, including decreases in the average daily maximum temperature and temperature range. No precipitation changes were observed. A comparison of the results with microclimatic experiments and modeling studies suggests that the climatic impacts of deforestation are overgeneralized at the local scale. Landscape heterogeneity appears to influence the biophysical mechanisms linking tropical forests and climate, and should be explicitly represented in modeling studies. 相似文献
19.
宜人气候可以分为避暑型和避寒型两种类型,但现有研究鲜有关注国内两类气候的分布特征及差异。本文采用1981—2010年2132个国家气象观测站数据,基于温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数计算各个气象站点的气候综合舒适指数,结合协同克里金空间插值方法对全国避暑型和避寒型宜人气候的分布特征进行了研究,并对两类气候的地域差异进行了分析。结果表明：① 中国避暑型气候区包括40°N以北的西北边疆和东北地区、西北中部地区及西南地区三大集中分布区。中国避寒型气候区集中分布在北回归线以南的低纬地区。② 国内夏冬两季的气候不舒适地域广阔,包括环渤海、长三角等经济发达、人口稠密地区,避暑型与避寒型气候资源的开发潜力显著。③ 两类宜人气候呈现明显的地域分离特征,拥有避暑和避寒双重属性的地方极少。④ 国内避寒型气候是稀缺资源,具有垄断性特征;而避暑型气候相对分布广泛,是一种相对遍在性资源。本文不仅丰富了宜人气候分布特征研究的理论成果,而且可为地方气候资源的旅游开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
青藏铁路旅游线气候适宜性分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
本文利用10个气象站1991~2000年的气象观测数据,对青藏铁路旅游线的气候适宜性进行了评价。评价内容包括:生物气温指标、紫外辐射强度、大气含氧量以及障碍性天气等。得出如下结论:总的来看,青藏铁路沿线地区相对舒适的旅游气候条件集中出现于5~9月。该时段,生理气温舒适凉爽,空气含氧量比例较高,无炎热或热日,大风天气出现少。但是,紫外辐射较强,雷暴及冰雹出现的频率较高。旅游适宜期与适宜时段随海拔高度的上升而逐步缩短。位于铁路线两端的西宁、拉萨等地区的旅游气候条件最优,全年均较适宜旅游;五道梁、沱沱河、安多等高海拔地区的旅游适宜期较短,冬季的严寒和夏季(6、7月)的强紫外辐射对这些地区户外旅游活动的限制较大。 相似文献