共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Fe^2＋浓度对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans耐铜性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans）是铜矿生物冶金中应用最广泛的微生物之一。但在冶金过程中淋滤出来的Cu2＋等重金属逐渐积累,达到一定的浓度后就会抑制A.ferrooxidans的生长,从而降低冶金的效率。本文着重研究了Fe2＋初始浓度对A.ferrooxidans耐铜性的影响。实验中ρ（Cu2＋）变化范围为0～5.0 g/L。结果表明,当ρ0（Fe2＋）为6.7 g/L时,A.ferrooxidans仅在Cu2＋为0～0.4 g/L的体系中能显著地氧化Fe2＋进行生长;当Cu2＋≥0.5 g/L时,A.ferrooxidans生长完全受到抑制。将ρ0（Fe2＋）增加到8.9 g/L,A.ferroox-idans在0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 g/L Cu2＋的培养基中也能明显氧化Fe2＋,并最终将其完全氧化,Cu2＋对A.ferrooxidans生长抑制作用仅出现在4.0和5.0 g/L Cu2＋的体系中。因此提高体系中亚铁离子的浓度能提高菌体对Cu2＋的耐受力。研究结果对铜矿的生物冶金具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
化能自养型微生物利用太阳能途径的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对自然界中天然半导体矿物和化能自养微生物之间的能量交换途径进行了详细的实验研究.半导体光电化学实验结果显示,天然半导体矿物在光照情况下产生的光生电子可将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,其中金红石光催化还原Fe3+的效率为12.5%,闪锌矿为7.86%,该过程通过天然半导体矿物的日光催化作用实现了太阳光能→电能→化学能的转化;控制电势的微生物电化学反应实验结果显示,化能自养型微生物A.f.菌的细胞增加量与外界电子传入而生成的Fe2+的量呈线性关系,且有外来电子传入实验组的A.f.生长量是无电子传入组的441%,该过程通过菌的生长代谢作用实现了化学能→生物质能的转化.进一步的光电化学和微生物电化学耦合实验结果证明,在太阳光和天然半导体矿物共同作用下,A.f.菌的对数生长期由无光时的36 h延长到72 h,同时细菌的生长在该能量转化过程中得到了明显促进.在天然闪锌矿催化条件下,有光条件的A.f.菌数量增加到无光条件的1.90倍;而在金红石催化条件下,有光条件的A.f.菌数量增加到无光条件的1.69倍.实验结果说明,在以天然半导体矿物为媒介的情况下,化能自养微生物可间接利用太阳能来获得自身的生长繁殖所需的能量,这一过程也实现了太阳光能→电能→化学能→生物质能的能量转化途径. 相似文献
3.
用微量热技术研究了不同条件下Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270(以下简写为A.ferrooxidans ATCC23270)与硫化矿吸附过程的热量变化以及不同细菌浓度、不同的初始pH值及不同的培养条件下细菌的代谢产热情况.研究发现,矿浆浓度0.03 g/mL,细萧浓度1.7×108个/mL的时候细菌与矿物的吸附放热最大.不同条件培养的细菌胞外多聚物的组成不同,与矿物吸附的反应热也不相同,黄铁矿培养细菌胞外多聚物含量最高,反应热也最高,说明细菌胞外多聚物在吸附过程中起重要作用.用微量热法能够很好地反映出细菌生长代谢过程中每个微观时刻的热量变化.对于A.ferrooxidans ATCC23270,最佳的代谢产热条件为:pH值为2.0和2.3,细菌浓度为3.0×108个/mL.不同培养条件下的细菌的生长代谢热不同,2039+FeSO4培养的代谢热最大、放热最快. 相似文献
4.
天然褐铁矿的光电化学响应及对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对比实验研究了天然褐铁矿对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f.)生长的影响.利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)确定实验中所用天然褐铁矿样品的主要物相为针铁矿和赤铁矿,紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和不同光照条件下的时间电流曲线表明天然褐铁矿在可见光下具有良好的光电化学响应.采用"H"型装置进行双室体系反应,设置了3组对比实验,结果显示A.f.在有光催化电子传入情况下生长较好,在96 h内细胞浓度增加了12倍,3组实验中Fe2+浓度的变化规律与A.f.的生长趋势相对应.由此揭示了天然褐铁矿促进A.f.生长的机制为:在光照作用下天然褐铁矿能产生光生电子-空穴对,光生空穴被电子供体(抗坏血酸)捕获,分离出的光生电子传入阴极室能够将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,实现Fe2+的电化学再生,提供充足的电子能量来源,促进细菌生长. 相似文献
5.
6.
对天然闪锌矿进行了原位高温X射线衍射实验研究,结果表明：闪锌矿受热膨胀,27～675℃温度范围内其膨胀系数为25.61×10-6℃-1;随着温度的升高,在543℃时产生中间物相Zn3O（SO4）2,并分解产生红锌矿ZnO;在797℃时中间物相完全消失,同时出现尖晶石结构的ZnFe2O4;加热至1160℃时的产物为ZnO和ZnFe2O4。实验表明,天然闪锌矿的热改性可产生一定比例的红锌矿（ZnO）,其与闪锌矿一起形成二元复合半导体。在光的激发下,该半导体体系产生的光生载流子由一种半导体注入另一种半导体,降低了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率,提高其光催化活性。本文的研究可为热改性提高天然闪锌矿光催化活性提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
本文采集了我国19个产地的天然闪锌矿进行矿物学和光催化性能研究。样品皆为立方Zn S结构,化学成分变化较大,其中Fe对闪锌矿中Zn的替代范围为0.235%~14.826%(质量分数,下同),Cd对闪锌矿中Zn的替代范围为0.133%~1.576%。闪锌矿中Fe含量由低到高,导致颜色由浅变深直至呈黑色,半导体禁带宽度由大变小,估算获得天然闪锌矿的禁带宽度范围为3.18~2.28 e V,明显低于纯Zn S禁带宽度3.68 e V,光催化响应均在可见光范围。验证光催化实验结果表明含Fe较低、含Cd较高的天然闪锌矿可见光催化还原降解甲基橙的效果较佳,如可见光下1 g/L闪锌矿样品(含铁4.262%,含镉1.576%)对30 mg/L甲基橙催化反应4 h后的脱色降解率达到82.11%。天然闪锌矿中Fe含量影响着禁带宽度和光响应范围,Cd含量影响着光催化性能,为高附加值开发利用贱金属资源天然闪锌矿提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
天然金红石和铁氧化细菌在自然界中广泛存在,并且可能分布于同一区域,发生能量的交互作用.本文通过实验探讨了铁细菌利用金红石光生电子的可能性及其机理.研究发现,天然金红石在日光下可以很好地将Fe3 还原成Fe2 ,其速度达101.8 mg/L·24 h-1;而细菌又可以将Fe2 氧化成Fe3 ,从中获得新陈代谢的能量.依靠这种作用,本文通过一种实验装置将金红石的光生电子导出并传递给Fe3 ,然后通过Fe3 /Fe2 的变化将电子传递给细菌,从而实现了细菌对光生电子能量的利用.在96 h内,光催化作用下的细菌浓度可以达到空白样品的100倍,说明光催化作用促进了细菌的生长. 相似文献
9.
小莱河太古宙麻粒岩相铁建造的矿物组合有：①斜方辉石（Fs87）＋钙铁辉石＋石英＋磁铁矿±莱河矿；②铁闪石＋铁浅闪石质角闪石＋石英＋磁铁矿＋碳酸盐±Fe－镁川石（云辉闪石）。辉石的出溶显示了它形成的不同阶段：片晶发育的OpxⅡ－CpxⅡ是最后稳定产物，计算的平衡温度是742℃，按相图获得的压力是7×108～7．8×108Pa；钙铁辉石中“001”片晶是易变辉石片晶转变的，Opx－Cpx－Pig（片晶）阶段据相图推测可能形成于近820℃，8×108Pa的条件下。原始均一相的OpxⅠ－CpxⅠ阶段矿物成分按估算的片晶含量计算，它们的形成温度接近820℃，可能的压力范围是11×108～13×108Pa。由此得到ITD型麻粒岩相p－T－t轨迹。莱河矿无氧化成因的证据，认为它是在麻粒岩相条件下生成的。云辉闪石的Si—O链重复周期是3×，其Fe／（Fe＋Mg）＝0．85，是接近富铁端元的Fe－镁川石，它与闪石一起在640到近700℃条件下交代了辉石。 相似文献
10.
虎头崖矿床是青海祁漫塔格地区重要的铅锌多金属矿床之一,该区岩浆活动强烈,具有Fe、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等多金属成矿元素组合.本文在前人研究成果的基础上,通过分析虎头崖矿床不同矿脉黄铜矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿和毒砂6种主要矿石矿物的标型特征,探讨其对于矿床成矿作用的指示意义.通过分析虎头崖矿床2号矿脉、6号矿脉、7号矿脉闪锌矿中Zn/Fe比值(平均值分别为19.62、32.71、24.91)、Zn/Cd比值(均值分别为179.39、148.00、182.33)、Fe含量和FeS含量,以及黄铜矿中S元素含量、(Fe+Cu)/S比值(平均值分别为1.97、1.90、1.86),认为虎头崖矿床大致形成于中温环境,成矿温度自主岩体沿断层接触带向围岩逐渐降低,且7号脉闪锌矿成矿温度表现出从第1世代到第3世代逐渐降低的特点.根据磁铁矿中TiO2、A12O3、MgO、MnO和闪锌矿中Fe、Mn、Cd、Zn等化学成分特征,结合矿床地质特征和前人研究成果,认为虎头崖矿床成因类型为矽卡岩型矿床. 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
15.
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
16.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
17.
18.
正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
19.
正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
20.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献