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采用MODIS资料和美国发展的MODIS大气温、湿度廓线统计反演算法,估算大气温度、湿度廓线作为初始场,应用101层快速透过率模式(PFAAST)估算了大气透过率,并采用Newton非线性迭代算法反演中国西北荒漠戈壁地区大气温度廓线。结果表明:该方法对边界层高度及以上部分的大气温度反演得比较好,误差基本都在2 K范围内,边界层范围内的温度反演误差较大,反演误差与气溶胶光学厚度增量和地表温度估算误差呈显著正相关关系,与大气水汽混合比的关系较差。文中从敏感性试验和理论分析角度阐述了地表温度和气溶胶光学厚度估算误差对大气温度反演误差的影响,发现不同光谱波段的地表温度权重均随地表温度的增加有不同程度增加,地表温度反演误差增加将增加地表温度权重,提高地表温度估算误差有助于提高地表温度权重的精度;荒漠戈壁地区大气边界层中气溶胶浓度较高,光学厚度较大,使边界层大气透过率降低,进而降低卫星红外遥感波段的地表温度权重和空气温度权重。由于该模式没有很好地考虑边界层中沙尘气溶胶的影响,使卫星反演的大气透过率偏高,以至于高估地表温度权重和大气温度权重,使得反演的表面温度和空气温度偏低。该研究结合太阳光度计获得的光学厚度资料,采用统计方法对气溶胶效应引起的大气透过率误差和表面温度估算误差进行校正,并对物理算法进行本地化改进,实现了边界层温度廓线的反演。 相似文献
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Towards a combined SAGE Ⅱ and SCIAMACHY aerosol dataset and implications for stratospheric aerosol trend analysis over East Asia 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2017,(5)
利用SCIAMACHY临边探测资料反演出平流层气溶胶消光系数廓线。将2003–2004年SCIAMACHY气溶胶反演结果同SAGE Ⅱ探测结果进行对比,结果表明在15–35 km高度范围,反演结果在20–30°N和30–40°N范围平均相对偏差小于20%,在40–50°N范围小于25%。计算出的平流层气溶胶光学厚度与SAGE Ⅱ探测结果的相对偏差在3个纬度范围均小于6%。将SCIAMACHY反演结果与SAGE Ⅱ探测资料相结合,构建平流层气溶胶长期探测资料。根据这些资料,分析东亚(20–50°N,70–150°E)平流层气溶胶变化趋势。结果表明东亚平流层气溶胶在2000–2010年期间呈现显著增加趋势。平流层气溶胶光学厚度在这11年期间平均每年增加5%。中等强度火山爆发对平流层气溶胶增加有显著影响。 相似文献
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陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性,而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感,对地表不敏感。根据这个原理并结合POLDER(POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance)资料的特点,作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演。首先,利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数,再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正,同时获得地表反射率。数值模拟试验结果证明,仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息,而且其结果误差较大,特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大,但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善,气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上。为提高查找表的计算效率,提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表,利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法。 相似文献
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兰州城区冬季大气气溶胶粒子谱的反演研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
从实测的兰州城市冬季大气气溶胶多波段光学厚度资料出发,应用消光法反演了大气柱气溶胶粒子谱,并对反演程序的可行性、反演结果的可靠性进行了分析讨论。结果表明,反演出的大气柱气溶胶粒子谱分布都为三峰型分布。通过正算方法计算出的光学厚度值检验反演方法,检验结果说明,反演程序是可行的,结果是可靠的。 相似文献
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陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性, 而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感, 对地表不敏感.根据这个原理并结合POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance) 资料的特点, 作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演.首先, 利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数, 再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正, 同时获得地表反射率.数值模拟试验结果证明, 仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息, 而且其结果误差较大, 特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大, 但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善, 气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上.为提高查找表的计算效率, 提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表, 利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法. 相似文献
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机载微波大气温度探测仪可以机动灵活地获取大气温度廓线信息。针对一次机载微波大气温度探测仪的多高度飞行观测试验,基于逐线积分模式和大气参数廓线库,建立用于不同飞行高度的快速辐射传输模式,分析了仪器观测亮温的质量并对仪器观测进行了订正;建立了基于神经网络的微波大气温度廓线反演算式,分析了不同高度、不同通道选择对于大气温度廓线反演性能的影响。研究结果表明:（1）较低飞行高度计算得到的各地表敏感通道地表比辐射率之间具有较好的一致性;（2）采用订正算式订正后,不同飞行高度的模拟亮温与观测亮温具有较好的一致性;（3）机载微波大气温度反演最优通道组合依赖于平台飞行高度;（4）采用最优的通道组合,4 200 m、3 200 m和2 500 m高度层温度反演均方根误差范围分别为0.5~1.8 K、0.5~1.3 K和0.4~1.0 K。 相似文献
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本文通过比较太阳直射表和太阳光度计探测的大气柱气溶胶光学厚度，分析了从太阳直射表探测的全波段太阳直射光强信息确定大气柱气溶胶光学厚度的误差，并应用北京观象台的太阳直射表观测资料，反演得到了 1990—1993年北京大气柱气溶胶光学厚度，分析了该光学厚度月与年变化规律以及1991年菲律宾皮纳图博火山爆发对北京大气气溶胶含量的影响。本文还提出了关于有效水汽含量的一个经验关系式，用于确定水汽对太阳辐射的吸收率。 相似文献
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利用多角度POLDER偏振资料实现陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率的同时反演 II. 实例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于陆地地表反照率的复杂性,陆地上空气溶胶的反演一直是卫星对地观测的一个难点,针对这个难点,作者提出联合利用偏振反射率和总反射率提取陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率及其区域分布的反演方案,提出了利用NCEP资料订正由海拔高度引起的Rayleigh散射变化的具体方法,并利用POLDER（POLarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectance）的LEVEL-1B资料进行实际反演计算,给出中国华北地区气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率的区域分布。反演结果与地基观测进行了对比验证分析,结果表明,综合利用标量辐射和偏振信息的可以实现区域乃至全球尺度的大气气溶胶和地表反照率的定量反演。 相似文献
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本文在1986年6月西藏拉萨市十通道太阳光度计六天观测工作基础上，计算了高原地区的整层大气垂直光学厚度，与北京西郊1981年6月的资料对比表明，在可见和近红外波段，拉萨市的大气光学厚度只有北京的一半，甚至更小。分析了在高原地区利用臭氧的Chappuis吸收带反演大气臭氧总量的可行性、方法、结果及其合理性。接着，本文讨论了双通道法和多通道法计算水汽光学厚度的差别，并简要分析了影响水汽总量变化的原因。本文还讨论了拉萨地区六月份大气浑浊度的时变规律及其变化机制。大气浑浊度不仅与地面大气状况（对流、地面风速等）有关，而且取决于大气的湍流结构。最后，本文利用Philips—Twomey方法反演了气溶胶的谱分布，结果表明，高原六月份气溶胶谱形大多接近Junge分布形式。另外，文中还简单讨论了折射率对反演气溶胶谱的影响。 相似文献
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Lidar has been used extensively in the area of atmospheric aerosol measurement. Two unknowns at the reference altitude, the lidar ratio and the backscatter coefficient, need to be resolved from the lidar equation. In the actual application, these two values are difficult to obtain, particularly the backscatter coefficient. To better characterize the optical properties of aerosols, optical thickness, and attenuated backscatter obtained by other instruments are usually used as the input for joint inversion. However, this method is limited by location and time. In this study, the authors propose a new method for aerosol retrieval by using Mie scatter- ing lidar data to solve this problem. The authors take the horizontal aerosol extinction coefficient as the con- straint to begin the iteration until a self-consistent aerosol vertical profile was obtained. By comparing their results with Aerosol Robotic Network （AERONET） data, the authours determine that the aerosol extinction coefficient obtained by combining horizontal and vertical lidar observations is more pre- cise than that obtained by using the traditional Fernald method. This new method has been adopted for re- trieving the extinction coefficient of aerosols during the observation days. 相似文献
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《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):315-324
Abstract Column ozone data collected using a Brewer spectrophotometer at Vanscoy, Saskatchewan during the Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen Trend Assessment (MANTRA) balloon campaign (Strong, this issue) were reduced using an improved analysis algorithm. The retrieved total ozone values are compared with those from other instruments and good agreement was found. The aerosol optical depth has also been calculated using the same set of data and the results are presented. Periods of an increased aerosol optical depth coincide with periods when plumes of smoke from nearby forest fires reached the campaign site. 相似文献
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南海北部海域气溶胶光学厚度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气溶胶光学厚度是大气校正所需要的重要参数.利用2006年9月7~30日中科院南海海洋研究所公开航次的多波段太阳光度计资料,得到了南海北部海域的气溶胶光学厚度.分析结果表明,南海北部海域气溶胶光学厚度在一天内的变化非常明显,最小值可达0.1(870 nm),最大值为0.9(440 nm),而日平均气溶胶光学厚度在0.2~0.6之间.结合同步观测气象数据,发现从陆地方向吹来的风,当风速达4 m/s,对气溶胶的光学厚度有非常明显的影响,而从大洋方向吹来的风,对气溶胶的光学厚度影响不明显. 相似文献
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Liu Qijun Zheng Xiangdong Luo Chao Tang Jie Ding Guoan Li Xingsheng Zhou Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(1):103-111
From October 1995 to August 1996.a total of 50 ECC(electrochemical concentration cell) ozonesoundings were made in Xining(36.43°N,101.45°E,2296 m ASL)to study the distribution and seasonal characteristics of ozone profile,and intercompare the Brewer Umkehr ozone profiles obtained at Waliguan Baseline Station over the Qinghai Plateau.It was demonstrated that(1) Umkehr produced estimates of the ozone comparing with ECC profiles were accurate to better than 25% in the 20-38 km altitude range,and where 23-33 km region was the most accurate,within about 15% of the ECC ozonesonde:(2)higher differences between Brewer Umkehr and ECC ozonesonde occurred in the troposphere and lower stratosphere;and ozone amounts were overestimated in Umkehr layers 1,2 and 3,and were underestimated in Umkehr layers 6 and 7 by Brewer Umkehr method. 相似文献
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北京城市大气混合层与气溶胶垂直分布观测研究 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
2002年3～10月在北京大学利用微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)观测了气溶胶时空变化。提出一种反演混合层高度的方法,这种方法减小了仪器订正的误差,反演的混合层高度与探空测量结果有很好的一致性。利用该方法计算了观测期间晴天无云天气条件下的混合层高度,分析了混合层高度及其增长率的日变化、季节变化,初步研究了混合层高度和近地面气溶胶分布的相互关系,分析了表征大气扩散能力的通风系数的日变化。结果表明,利用MPL监测城市混合层是可行的和优越的。 相似文献
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Tomi Karppinen Alberto Redondas Rosa D. García Kaisa Lakkala C. T. McElroy Esko Kyrö 《大气与海洋》2015,53(1):66-73
AbstractSpectrometers are designed to isolate particular wavebands and suppress light from wavelengths outside the band of interest. However, a small amount of undesired light will always enter the detector, not through the designed optical path, but through random scattering from the instrument optical components, housing, and dust particles. Every spectrophotometer has stray light coming from outside the nominal measurement waveband. For Dobson spectrophotometers and single monochromator Brewer spectrophotometers, which are basic instruments in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ozone and ultraviolet (UV) monitoring network, the error introduced by stray light is substantial when the ozone slant path becomes very large because of high solar zenith angles and a thick ozone layer. These are common conditions during Arctic spring. To study the issue, a long ozone slant path Intercomparison/Calibration campaign for Nordic Brewers and Dobsons was held at Sodankylä 8–24 March 2011 and a follow-up campaign to extend calibrations to shorter ozone slant paths took place at Izaña observatory, Tenerife, between 28 October and 18 November 2011. These campaigns were part of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Intercalibration of Ground-based Spectrometers and Lidars project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), intended to permit the homogenization of ozone data from the European ozone ground-truthing network. During the active intercomparison periods, measurements were taken only when good conditions for sun or moon observations existed. Laboratory measurements using calibration lamps and helium-cadmium (HeCd) lasers were an essential part of both campaigns. The campaigns produced a high-quality database of total ozone and UV measurements and an accurate, up-to-date calibration and characterization of participating Brewers and Dobsons against the European standard instruments from the Regional Dobson Calibration Centre-Europe (RDCC-E) and the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre-Europe (RBCC-E). In the present work we focus on single monochromator Brewers and present a physics-based method to compensate for the stray-light effects in ozone retrieval using laboratory characterizations and radiative transfer modelling. The method was tested with independent data from the campaign. 相似文献
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M. Chaâbane M. Masmoudi K. Medhioub F. Elleuch 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,92(1-2):103-114
Summary Spectral aerosol optical thickness have been measured at Thala site (central West of Tunisia) from March to October 2001.
The measurement site is located in a continental and non industrialized region, approximately 150 km from the North coast
of the Mediterranean Sea and nearby the Algerian border. Thala site could be then influenced by the dust content of the continental
air masses carried by western and southern winds. A second pollution source is constituted by industrial and/or maritime particles
carried by northern and eastern winds. AOT measurements acquired through the ground-based AERONET are analyzed. The diurnal
cycle over Thala and two other areas within the network showed various trends and a prevailing pattern of the optical thickness
increase by 10–40% during the day. Daily AOT and monthly averaged aerosol optical thickness, ?ngstr?m coefficient and precipitable
water vapor are computed and compared with those of other sites. Measured meteorological parameters represent a valuable supplement
to the data sets with the sunphotometer measurements. The analysis of the results shows that there is a high correlation between
aerosol optical properties (AOT and ?ngstr?m coefficient) and the local weather conditions, essentially wind speed and direction
and air specific humidity. 相似文献
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TSI3563型积分式浊度计是一种性能出色的气溶胶散射系数观测仪器,然而由于仪器设计所固有的限制,TSI3563型浊度计观测结果包含有角度截断和非朗伯体光源两项系统性误差,会使观测结果较真值偏小10%左右。因此,需要对TSI3563型浊度计的观测结果进行校正才能得到较为精确的散射系数观测值。该研究利用2009年华北平原HaChi气溶胶外场观测数据测试了现有校正方法,结果显示,传统的校正方法在我国华北平原这样的高气溶胶污染地区并不适用。为此,提出一种改进的校正方法,利用同时观测的PM1和PM10数据,在校正方案中加入超微米粒子体积比这一参量,对于不同体积比采用不同的校正函数。利用实际观测数据检验后发现,改进方法的校正效果相对于传统方法有很大改善。 相似文献
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敦煌地区大气气溶胶光学厚度的季节变化 总被引：5，自引：10，他引：5
讨论了利用太阳直接辐射资料反演大气气溶胶光学厚度的一种方法，并且用1981－1983年敦煌地区太阳直接辐射资料计算了该地区大气气溶胶光学厚度的季节变化特征，结果表明：敦煌地区大气气溶胶光学厚度冬季稳定，变化小，春季不稳定，变化幅度大，夏季次之；秋季较小。 相似文献