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1.
A series of laboratory tests was conducted on a tropical residual soil, which is widespread and readily available over a considerable part of Peninsular Malaysia, to assess whether it could be compacted as hydraulic barriers in waste disposal landfills. Index properties, swelling potential, cation exchange capacity (CEC), compaction characteristics, and hydraulic conductivity of the soil indicate that it is inorganic, very plastic, inactive (activity <0.75), moderately expansive (modified free swell index is about 3.06), and of fair attenuation capacity (for inorganic contaminants). For hydraulic conductivity measurement, the soil was compacted in rigid-wall permeameter moulds at a variety of water contents and compactive efforts and then permeated with de-aired tap water. The results of hydraulic conductivity tests illustrate that hydraulic conductivity lower than 1×10–7 cm/s can be achieved using a broad range of water contents and compactive efforts, including water contents dry of optimum. Its shrinkage and strength properties show that it has minimal potential to shrinkage and has adequate strength to support the overburden pressure imposes by the waste body. These findings suggest that the residual soil can be potentially utilized as compacted soil liner material. 相似文献
2.
Tunnelling in difficult and challenging conditions such as soft soils in urban areas is increasing. In this condition, it is important to minimise the possible negative effect of the tunnel excavation, such as settlement or, in the worst case, collapses. To achieve this result, earth pressure balance machines are commonly used. One of the key parameters that must be considered for an optimal management of the EPB-TBM excavation is soil conditioning since the excavated muck must properly transmit the pressure to the tunnel face. Soil conditioning is also necessary to reduce the effect of the problems, such as clogging in clay layers, that can occur during the excavation and that can affect the performance of the tools and of the entire tunnelling process. For this reason, in the last decade, much research has been carried out to understand how to deal with and reduce the effects of clogging and stickiness, using different conditioning additives. These studies have proposed several different test procedures to evaluate the effect of the conditioning on the adhesion of the soil on the metallic parts of the machines. The present research has been carried out with the aim of proposing a new approach and new devices to study clay conditioning with laboratory tests, and the results of many tests carried out with the proposed device are presented and discussed. 相似文献
3.
离子土壤固化剂改性膨胀土的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用离子土壤固化剂（ionic soil stabilizer,简称ISS）对河南安阳地区膨胀土进行化学改性试验研究,通过不同配比的自由膨胀率试验结果,结合施工成本,得出ISS溶液改良膨胀土的最优配合比为1:350。对ISS溶液最优配合比改性后土体进行收缩试验、膨胀性试验、固结快剪、高压固结及水浸泡试验。试验结果表明,改性土线缩率减小,膨胀性指标降低,抗剪强度增大,土体由亲水性变成憎水性,且能达到较好的水稳定性,即膨胀土经化学改性为非膨胀土。ISS改性膨胀土的机制可解释为,通过ISS溶液与土粒离子进行强烈的交换作用,打开土粒与水分子之间的“电化键”,降低土颗粒表面吸附水膜厚度,包裹在黏粒颗粒表面的疏水基团覆盖膜使土对水的敏感性减弱,从根本上减少了土体吸水性和膨胀性。 相似文献
4.
Robert L Fleischer Howard R Hart Wallace R Giard 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(3):365-380
Measurements of cosmic ray track densities are presented for soil samples from Apollo 15, 16 and 17. Median track densities are used to infer total effective exposure times within ~15 cm of the lunar surface. Minimum track densities are used to derive the time of the last impact-produced rearrangement of soil grains. For samples from near various craters ages are derived of 40 m.y. for St. George, 6 (±3) m.y. for S. Ray, 25–90 m.y. for Plum, and 20–35 m.y. for Shorty. The material of 15003. the Apollo 15 deep core at depths of 120–160 cm, is inferred to have been deposited at an average rate of ≥0.35 cm/m.y. The Apollo 16 core at 41–47 cm depths. 60007, appears to be well mixed and was covered up by deposition at 0.3 cm/m.y. for the next few m.y. after its deposition. 相似文献
5.
月壤及模拟月壤微观结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了对比研究月壤与模拟月壤的微观结构,介绍了月壤的形成作用过程和5种基本颗粒类型;通过真实月壤照片,对月壤微观结构进行了分析;利用火山灰为模拟月壤主体材料,对其成分进行了检测;对模拟月壤的火山灰颗粒进行了显微图像分析试验。结果表明,月壤存在胶结物微观颗粒,胶结物颗粒具有分支的组织形态和封闭的气泡,并且有金属铁珠存在;火山灰所含的主要成分及含量与月壤相似,经过粉碎的火山灰试样棱角较为明显,其纵横比峰值略小,稍显长条状,但与月壤比较相近,而复杂度因子则略有欠缺,说明颗粒还不够粗糙和多棱 相似文献
6.
Volume-based soil particle fractal relation with soil erodibility in a small watershed of purple soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The particle size distribution in small watershed changes under different land uses and affects soil erodibility. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the volume fractal dimension of particle size distribution under different land uses in a typical small watershed of purple soil, (2) to estimate soil erodibilities of various land uses utilizing the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model and the nomogram (NOMO) model, and (3) to relate volume fractal dimension with the soil erodibility used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in purple soil areas. Laser diffractions and double-logarithmic model were used to measure and calculate volume fractal dimension values. The results show that soil volume fractal dimensions were well linearly fitted to the double-logarithmic model with high correlation coefficients of 0.902–0.936 under six land uses in the small watershed. The averaged volume fractal dimension values under different land uses, from high to low were in the order of Zea mays L, Ipomoea batatas, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Setaria viridis, Robinia pseudoacacia L, Pinus massoniana Lamb. The volume fractal dimension was positively correlated to clay particle fraction (R = 0.933). The average soil erodibility values under different land uses from high to low were in the order of Setaria viridis, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Zea mays L, Ipomoea batatas, Robinia pseudoacacia L while average soil erodibilities from high to low values were in the order of Setaria viridis, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Zea mays L, Ipomoea batatas, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Robinia pseudoacacia L. The soil erodibilities calculated by the two models were similar, and positively correlated (R = 0.630–0.877). The volume fractal dimension values of six land uses were negatively correlated to both soil erodibility estimated by EPIC and by NOMO models. Moreover, the correlations of the volume fractal dimension values of Zea mays L, Ipomoea batatas and Citrus reticulata Blanco estimated by EPIC or NOMO were lower than those of Pinus massoniana Lamb, Robinia pseudoacacia L and Setaria viridis. Further research is needed to determine the influence of volume fractal dimension on the soil erodibility under different land use and managements. 相似文献
7.
水泥基土壤固化剂固化土的物理化学作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用击实试验、液塑限联合测定界限含水率试验、蜡封法测定干密度试验、二氧化碳气量法、交换性钠离子百分比试验等方法,结合黏土矿物组成与结构特点,研究了水泥基土壤固化剂固化土的物理化学作用。试验结果表明：随着固化剂剂量的增加,混合料的最大干密度增大,最优含水率降低;固化土混合料经过养护后,塑性指数降低,干密度增大,碳酸盐含量增加,交换性钠离子百分比升高;黏土矿物在强碱性和钙离子作用下被激活,形成各种水化硅酸盐和铝酸盐。研究认为：在土-固化剂-水-气系统中通过液相和气相向固相的转变以及各类水化产物的填充、挤密、胶结等作用,混合料逐渐形成较致密的整体;离子交换反应对土体的加固作用在后期起负效应;铝硅酸盐黏土矿物在强碱性和钙离子存在条件下被分解,参与水化硅酸盐和铝酸盐的反应。 相似文献
8.
把侧向土体耦合作用简化为一个弹性系数为k的弹簧和一个阻尼系数为η的线性阻尼器并联作用，建立了考虑耦合作用静止边界－一维土层地震反应波动方程，并给出了其完全解析解，为进一步分析侧向土体耦合作用对土层地震反应的影响，土层密度统一取1900kg/m^3，针对不同的土层厚度：10，20，30米，不同的剪切模量：42．75MPa(剪切波速150m/s)，118．75MPa(剪切波速250m/s),232.75MPa(剪切波速350m/s),k,η分别取不同的数值，进行土层地震反应计算，计算结果表明，k,η对地震动位移峰值，速度峰值影响较小，k对地震动加速峰值影响较大，k减少加速度峰值增大，k增大加速度峰值减少，最大影响程度可达15％以上，η对地震动加速度峰值影响较大，η减少加速度峰值增大；η增大加速度峰值减小，最大影响程度可达25％以上。 相似文献
9.
土壤酶对碘离子在土壤中吸附行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以批式试验法研究了微生物、葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及其催化底物葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-在土壤中吸附的影响,结果表明微生物能显著提高Ⅰ-吸附量,但葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附并无促进作用.葡萄糖氧化酶及葡萄糖含量在小于100 mg/L时对Ⅰ-吸附无影响,1000 mg/L时与Ⅰ-呈竞争吸附;脲酶及尿素随浓度增大,对Ⅰ-吸附的抑制作用变得明显;1～1000 mg/L范围内,纤维素酶和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附没有影响;但葡萄糖氧化酶和葡萄糖生成的中间产物可促进土壤对Ⅰ-的吸附.平衡液中溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量随时间增加而逐渐降低,有机质浓度越大,降低趋势越明显. 相似文献
10.
11.
Soil nails have been widely used to stabilize slopes and earth retaining structures in many countries and regions, especially, in Hong Kong. The analysis of the interaction between a soil nail and the surrounding soil is of great interests to both design engineers and researchers. In this paper, authors present a simple mathematical model for the interaction analysis of a soil nail and the surrounding soil considering a few key factors which are soil dilation, bending of the soil nail, vertical pressure, and non-linear subgrade reaction stiffness. The lateral subgrade reaction between the soil and the soil nail is assumed to obey a hyperbolic relation. Reported test data in the literature are used to verify the present model. The contributions of the soil-nail bending on the pull-out resistance are evaluated in two case studies. 相似文献
12.
CLDAS土壤湿度业务产品的干旱监测应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
针对2012年中国区域严重的干旱, 利用2013年国家气象信息中心发布的中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CLDAS-V1.0)土壤体积含水量数据集产品, 并结合新的中国地表土壤水文参数数据集, 计算2012年中国区域土壤相对湿度, 依据《气象干旱等级》国家标准进行干旱监测. 结果表明: 该土壤相对湿度数据集能较为全面的反映2012年中国的干旱发生发展的空间特征, 在西南、江淮黄淮、华南以及东北等4个主要的干旱区域表现的尤为明显. 结果表明, 利用土壤容重、田间持水量等信息, 结合CLDAS-V1.0实时业务产品, 可实时获取时空连续的土壤相对湿度产品, 可以实现对中国区域的干旱实时监测. 相似文献
13.
Several researchers have reported that the mean effective stress of unsaturated soils having a relatively high degree of saturation gradually decreases under fully undrained cyclic loading conditions, and such soils can be finally liquefied like saturated soils. This paper describes a series of simulations of fully undrained cyclic loading on unsaturated soils, conducted using an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. This model is a critical state soil model formulated using effective stress tensor for unsaturated soils, which incorporates the following concepts: (a) the volumetric movement of the state boundary surface containing the critical state line owing to the variation in the degree of saturation; (b) the soil water characteristic curve considering the effects of specific volume and hydraulic hysteresis; and (c) the subloading surface concept for considering the effect of density. Void air is assumed to be an ideal gas obeying Boyle's law. The proposed model is validated through comparisons with past results. The simulation results show that the proposed model properly describes the fully undrained cyclic behavior of unsaturated soils, such as liquefaction, compression, and an increase in the degree of saturation. Finally, the effects of the degree of saturation, void ratio, and confining pressure on the cyclic strength of unsaturated soils are described by the simulation results. The liquefaction resistance of unsaturated soils increases as the degree of saturation and the void ratio decrease, and as the confining pressure increases. Furthermore, the degree of saturation has a greater effect on the liquefaction resistance than the confining pressure and void ratio. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
为掌握土压力传感器置于硬土介质中呈现的非线性响应特性,建立了传感器与土介质的相互作用模型,运用有限元分析了满足匹配误差稳定所需的传感器与土介质的模量比条件。进行了传感器的单体标定和级配碎石土介质标定试验,探讨了传感器非线性响应的主要影响因素。计算与试验表明,目前国内主流的双膜土压力传感器在量测硬土介质中的土压力时,由于模量偏小标定曲线非线性显著;土压力传感器单体标定曲线线性度较高且其模量基本稳定,表明土介质的模量变化是引起标定曲线非线性的主要因素;通过将传感器置于与使用环境相近的土介质中进行标定,并采用非线性修正可明显提高硬土介质中土压力量测的准确性。 相似文献
15.
为探索不同添加物(小麦秸秆、麦壳和植物油渣)对土壤持水性能和土壤收缩特性的影响,定量掺混3种粉末,采用离心机法测定土-水曲线,并对土壤持水能力和土壤收缩特征进行评价。结果发现:各处理土-水曲线形态无差异,van Genuchten模型可用于此条件土-水曲线拟合;3种添加物均可提高土壤容重和土壤含水率并利于保水,且土壤持水能力表现为油渣 >麦秆 >麦壳 >纯土;随着土壤脱水,土体以轴向收缩为主,三直线模型可用于土壤收缩曲线拟合,土体线缩率与吸力和含水率分别满足对数和Logistic函数关系;土体几何收缩量表现为麦壳 <油渣 <麦秆 <纯土,土壤开裂程度表现为油渣 <麦秆 <麦壳 <纯土。 相似文献
16.
在季节冻土环境中使用人工冻结法时,由于季节冻土层与人工冻土共同存在,在前者影响下人工冻土墙的水平位移和制冷能量消耗与无季节冻土层时有显著不同。在改装的试验台上,通过使用水平冻结管形成季节冻土,用竖向冻结管形成冻土墙,施加水平荷载,模拟了6种季节冻土层温度条件下冻土墙的形成与开挖过程,以研究季节冻土层对冻土墙耗能、受力和变形性能的影响。结果显示,与无季节冻土层的情况相比,季节冻土层温度为-12 ℃时可减小冻土墙水平位移达8.79 mm,约占墙体总位移的52%,耗能量可减小40.4%。试验结果证明季节冻土层对冻土墙的影响不容忽视,在工程中应充分考虑季节冻土层的节能效应和变形约束能力。 相似文献
17.
倾斜细土平原盐渍土分布规律及盐胀作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘南山 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(4):40-42
本文通过实例分析了倾斜细土平原盐渍土分布规律及盐胀性，盐类分布在平面上呈不连续性和不均匀性，中游以硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐为主，向下游逐渐变为以氯盐、亚氯盐为主，盐胀作用也由强变弱。 相似文献
18.
土钉支护是一种比较经济的支护方式,工程实践中已广泛应用,但其设计理论则相对缺乏。针对目前土钉支护设计中存在的主要问题,即土钉力和土钉支护位移的计算分析,以工程实测资料为背景,根据侧壁主动土压力与总土钉力相等的原则,考虑施工过程的影响和增量法的思想,提出了基于经验和理论相结合的土钉力计算公式。按照弹性力学理论,对由于土的开挖引起支护的土体侧移提出了简易的位移计算公式。通过工程实测检验了公式的正确性。这些计算公式简便,其结果较符合实际,较好地解决了土钉支护设计的主要问题,可为工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
19.
考虑试验阻尼效应的一种土体动力双型抛物线本构模型 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对土动力试验中土体反向卸载（或加载）曲线形状有时表现为先变化平缓后变化剧烈这一特征,基于土体实验结果的 和 曲线,建立了不规则荷载作用下可调的双型抛物线形式的本构曲线规则,阐述了A型和B型抛物线的函数表达式及实现过程。采用9种方法对试验阻尼比的模拟对比,表明所建立的加卸载准则尤其能准确拟合试验阻尼值,是对广义Masing准则的一种简化及实用化。由于调制因子 的可变性,它具有更强地模拟试验本构曲线形状的能力。针对台湾Lotung DHB钻井台阵试验场地,以等效线性化方法SHAKE91、LSSRLI-1,时域非线性方法DESRA-2、Pyke方法、非Masing准则模型1、“隐式应力阻尼等效”模型、“阻尼比退化系数”模型和非Masing准则模型2以及双型抛物线本构模型等9种方法（或模型）分别进行了非线性地震反应分析,并将结果与强震观测记录进行比较,结果表明,双型抛物线本构模型计算的复合加速度地震动的峰值大小、波形大小相对关系及后续波形,与实际地震记录较相一致,说明了模型的合理性以及实际工程应用的可行性。 相似文献