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1.
实验采用末端快速扩增(RACE)技术从大菱鲆脾脏cDNA文库中筛选得到了免疫球蛋白轻链IgL的全长cD-NA片段。该序列包含47 bp的5′末端非编码区(5′UTR),738 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)和202 bp 3′UTR,整个开放阅读框编码246个氨基酸。系统发生分析表明大菱鲆IgL基因与五条鰤的IgL基因起源关系最近。RT-PCR分析表明,大菱鲆IgL基因只在正常脾脏、肾脏和头肾组织中表达;IgL在大菱鲆胚胎发育细胞期就已开始表达,在大菱鲆胚胎尾芽期和体节期表达持续增强;在鳗弧菌感染大菱鲆脾脏和头肾早期均检测到IgL基因强烈表达,后期表达逐渐减弱;大菱鲆胚胎细胞(TEC)在用鳗弧菌感染48h后,IgL开始表达。这些结果均表明IgL基因在大菱鲆免疫应答中起着重要作用。 相似文献
2.
半滑舌鳎的一种细胞凋亡抑制因子的克隆、鉴定与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
克隆半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)的1种细胞凋亡抑制因子survivin基因,并对其序列及表达模式进行分析.结果表明,该基因cDNA 序列全长704 bp(GenBank登录号为EU499314),包括86 bp5'非翻译区,444 bp开放阅读框以及含 poly(A)信号的174 bp的3'非翻译区,编码147个氨基酸.氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,半滑舌鳎survivin氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾、鸡、小鼠和人survivin氨基酸序列的同源性分别达到了63.3%,49.0%,43.7%,43.6%和41.5%.RT-PCR分析表明,survivin基因在半滑舌鳎成体雌鱼卵巢中大量表达,在雌鱼的肾脏中微量表达,在其它雌鱼的组织中无表达,在雄性的任何组织中均无表达.该基因在受精卵、多细胞和囊胚3个胚胎发育的早期阶段,大量表达,而随着胚胎发育的进程,survivin基因的表达逐渐减少,在孵化前尾芽期胚胎中只有微量表达,在孵化后5 d的仔鱼中,几乎检测不到survivin基因的表达.表明该基因可能参与卵子形成和胚胎的早期发育. 相似文献
3.
胃质子泵(H+/K+ATPase)是胃酸分泌的关键酶。本试验采用RACE和PCR方法从大菱鲆的胃组织中提取RNA克隆得到了H+/K+ATPaseα亚基cDNA全长序列。结果表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基序列全长3467 bp,开放阅读框为2964 bp,编码988个氨基酸。与GenBank上其它物种比对发现,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基与斑鳜同源性最高,为89%。进化树分析发现,H+/K+ATPase在进化上具有物种特异性。经RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR检测,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在胚胎孵化后22d开始表达,晚于大菱鲆胃腺出现的时间(16 d),说明大菱鲆胃腺的发育完成并不代表胃功能的完善。另外,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase除了在胃中大量表达之外,在食道中的表达量也很高。结合组织学观察,作者认为,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在食道中大量表达是因为在发育上食道是胃的前体,因此保留了分泌H+/K+ATPase的能力。同时通过整体原位杂交试验表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase会首先在食道的末端和胃的贲门处表达。本研究为进一步了解海水鱼类的消化机制提供了理论基础。 相似文献
4.
大菱鲆mIgD重链基因的克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用RACE技术克隆获得大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)膜结合型免疫球蛋白D(Membrane-bounded Ig,mIgD)重链基因的cDNA序列全长,该基因全长3 357bp,包含1个2 997bp的开放阅读框,编码999个氨基酸,基因结构为VDJ-μ1-δ1-δ2-δ3-δ4-δ5-δ6-δ7-TM。重链恒定区δ1~δ7氨基酸序列同源比对结果显示,其与庸鲽(78%)、鳜(71%)、牙鲆(68%)具有较高的同源性;多序列比对结果显示,大菱鲆mIgD的每个δ恒定区内均存在色氨酸与半胱氨酸保守位点。利用邻位相连法构建硬骨鱼类免疫球蛋白系统发育树,结果显示,鱼类IgD聚为一大支,大菱鲆IgD与庸鲽及牙鲆聚为一支。利用RT-PCR分析了大菱鲆IgD重链基因的组织差异表达,结果显示,其在外周血白细胞、脾脏、前肾及中肾组织中具有较高的表达。将大菱鲆腹腔注射福尔马林灭活鳗弧菌后,实时荧光定量PCR检测其前肾组织中mIgD重链基因应答表达量,结果显示,mIgD重链基因在注射鳗弧菌后呈显著下调趋势,在注射后8h时降至最低值,其相对表达量约为对照组的1/28,然后呈逐渐恢复上调趋势,在48h时mIgD相对表达量与对照组无显著差异。 相似文献
5.
CYP4F7是细胞色素P450超基因家族中CYP4F亚家族中的同工酶之一,而细胞色素P450在通过电子传递参与生物体代谢和转化内源和外源化合物方面起着重要的作用。以本实验室构建的大黄鱼消减杂交cDNA文库中623bp的CYP4F7片段设计引物,以大黄鱼的总RNA为模板,利用RACE-PCR的方法,克隆鉴定出了大黄鱼细胞色素P450 CYP4F7基因。结果表明:基因全长1934bp,5'端非编码区59bp,3'端非编码区264bp,开放阅读框1611bp,编码536个氨基酸。序列分析表明大黄鱼的CYP4F7氨基酸序列与舌齿鲈的相似性为91%。利用RT-PCR方法研究CYP4F7在大黄鱼各组织中的表达特征,结果表明CYP4F7在肝脏、脾脏中表达量最高,在心脏、肾脏、头肾、鳃丝中表达量次之。另外,CYP4F7在注射了细菌脂多糖的大黄鱼各组织中的表达量均低于正常的大黄鱼,认为细菌脂多糖可能是CYP4F7表达的抑制剂,说明CYP4F7可能与鱼类免疫反应有一定相关性。 相似文献
6.
根据已报道的铁结合蛋白基因的保守序列设计引物,用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)法,成功地从可口革囊星虫体液中获得铁结合蛋白基因的全长序列.结果表明,该基因cDNA全长1017bp,5'-端非编码区为15lbp,3'一非编码区为341bp,开放阅读框长度为525bp(括一个终止密码子),可编码175个氨基酸(GenBank:EU091352).该序列与加洲海兔、皱纹盘鲍、刺参、微小牛蜱、叉尾鲴、非洲爪蟾、小家鼠、人等的铁结合蛋白基因有67%-75%的同源性,而相应的氨基酸同源性为59%-76%.氨基酸相似性为74%*-89%%.分析结果表明,铁结合蛋白基因在动物进化中是高度保守的. 相似文献
7.
为了研究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)中趋化因子(Chenokine)的特征及其在大菱鲆免疫过程中发挥的作用,设计了本文中的实验。本实验从大菱鲆基因组和转录组数据库中鉴定了一个硬骨鱼特有的趋化因子CC亚家族成员—CCL34,并选取大菱鲆的8个健康组织以及2种细菌感染后的肠道和皮肤组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对其表达特征进行研究。序列分析结果显示该趋化因子全长mRNA包含1个327 bp的5’非编码区(UTR),1个246 bp的3’非编码区,和1个编码103个氨基酸残基长度为312 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)。此CCL34基因含有4个外显子和3个内含子。通过系统发育分析、共线性分析,将该大菱鲆趋化因子命名为CCL34。实时荧光定量PCR表明CCL34在大菱鲆健康组织中普遍表达,尤其在肾脏、肝脏、皮肤中有高水平表达。鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染后,肠道组织CCL34基因表达量较对照组显著性上调(p<0.05),这表明CCL34可能在大菱鲆的肠道粘膜免疫中起重要作用。本研究为趋化因子家族功能的研究奠定了基础,为增强鱼类免疫力和抗病能力提供了理论依据。 相似文献
8.
大菱鲆周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1、cdk6克隆及表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过同源克隆以及5′/3′RACE的方法扩增得到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1和cdk6的全长c DNA序列,在m RNA水平上分析了它们组织表达特征,并对比分析了静水压处理对其胚胎期表达的影响。结果显示,cdk1基因全长c DNA序列为1281 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KP339306),编码区为912 bp;cdk6基因c DNA全长1400 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KT186374),编码区长度为978 bp。组织RT-PCR分析表明,cdk1基因表达具有广泛性,在性腺、肾脏等生长发育较快的组织中表达量较高;cdk6基因也在多个组织中表达,在性腺中表达量最高。通过Real time RT-PCR检测基因在胚胎中的表达水平发现,静水压处理组cdk1、cdk6在胚胎发育中,总体变化趋势与对照组类似。大菱鲆胚胎对照组中cdk1在原肠期以前相对神经胚期及以后时期表达量较高,静水压处理组基因表达变化与对照组趋势相同;对照组中cdk6在原肠期出现表达高峰,但静水压处理组在原肠期表达量相对较低。静水压处理对cdk1和cdk6的表达量的影响不同,这可能与基因还有除调控细胞周期的其他功能有关。为解析这两个基因在大菱鲆胚胎发育中的作用及其机制提供了参考。 相似文献
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10.
主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是脊椎动物体内重要的非特异性免疫基因之一。为了研究赤点石斑鱼的MHC基因的结构与表达特性,本研究运用RACE,Realtime PCR及SSCP等技术,首次成功克隆获得赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)非特异性免疫因子MHC ⅡB基因的4个cDNA全序列,序列全长为1 195~1 355 bp,含有3'UTR、启动子、多肽结合区(β1)I、GC区(β2)、跨膜区、胞质区和5'UTR区,编码区大小为750 bp。氨基酸序列分析发现赤点石斑鱼MHC ⅡB分子具有经典MHC蛋白分子的空间结构,在多肽结合区存在极其丰富的变异,β1区由1个α螺旋与4个反向平行的β折叠构成多肽结合区,β2区由多个β折叠构成2个反向平行的三明治结构。利用SSCP技术研究了赤点石斑鱼MHC ⅡB的表达多态性,发现其在头肾、心、肝等12个组织器官中均能有效表达,表达多态性也异常丰富。此外,根据MHCIIB分子中相对保守的IGC区氨基酸序列构建了脊椎动物的系统进化树,也表明了该分子的IGC区氨基酸序列可以作为研究鱼类物种间进化关系的良好标记。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
16.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.