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1.
以多孔介质理论为基础,研究了稳态条件下非饱和土中温度?水分?盐分多场耦合问题。考虑非饱和土的孔隙被液态水、溶解的盐分、水蒸气和干燥气体等填充,在质量和能量守恒的基础上获得了非饱和土中水分、气体、盐分的质量守恒方程以及能量守恒方程。考虑一维稳态问题,选取温度、孔隙气压、孔隙水压和盐溶液浓度以及它们的导数作为状态变量,得到了问题的状态方程组。在给定的边界条件下,采用打靶法求解了该强耦合的非线性变系数微分方程组,通过与已有的试验结果相比较,验证了模型的有效性。基于数值算例,参数分析了含水率、温度边界、孔隙率等条件对非饱和土中温度场、水分场和盐分场分布的影响规律。 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a complete finite‐element treatment for unsaturated soil problems. A new formulation of general constitutive equations for unsaturated soils is first presented. In the incremental stress–strain equations, the suction or the pore water pressure is treated as a strain variable instead of a stress variable. The global governing equations are derived in terms of displacement and pore water pressure. The discretized governing equations are then solved using an adaptive time‐stepping scheme which automatically adjusts the time‐step size so that the integration error in the displacements and pore pressures lies close to a specified tolerance. The non‐linearity caused by suction‐dependent plastic yielding, suction‐dependent degree of saturation, and saturation‐dependent permeability is treated in a similar way to the elastoplasticity. An explicit stress integration scheme is used to solve the constitutive stress–strain equations at the Gauss point level. The elastoplastic stiffness matrix in the Euler solution is evaluated using the suction as well as the stresses and hardening parameters at the start of the subincrement, while the elastoplastic matrix in the modified Euler solution is evaluated using the suction at the end of the subincrement. In addition, when applying subincrementation, the same rate is applied to all strain components including the suction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
A hierarchical mathematical model for analyses of coupled chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviour in concretes at high temperature is presented. The concretes are modelled as unsaturated deforming reactive porous media filled with two immiscible pore fluids, i.e. the gas mixture and the liquid mixture, in immiscible–miscible levels. The thermo‐induced desalination process is particularly integrated into the model. The chemical effects of both the desalination and the dehydration processes on the material damage and the degradation of the material strength are taken into account. The mathematical model consists of a set of coupled, partial differential equations governing the mass balance of the dry air, the mass balance of the water species, the mass balance of the matrix components dissolved in the liquid phases, the enthalpy (energy) balance and momentum balance of the whole medium mixture. The governing equations, the state equations for the model and the constitutive laws used in the model are given. A mixed weak form for the finite element solution procedure is formulated for the numerical simulation of chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviours. Special considerations are given to spatial discretization of hyperbolic equation with non‐self‐adjoint operator nature. Numerical results demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed model and its numerical procedure in reproducing coupled chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviour in concretes subjected to fire and thermal radiation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Semi‐analytical solution to one‐dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loading 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents semi‐analytical solutions to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loadings. Two variables are introduced to transform two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved by the Laplace transform. The pore‐water pressure, pore‐air pressure and settlement are obtained in the Laplace domain. Crump's method is adopted to perform the inverse Laplace transform in order to obtain semi‐analytical solutions in time domain. It is shown that the present solutions are more general and have a good agreement with the existing solutions from literatures. Furthermore, the current solutions can also be degenerated into conventional solutions to one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with homogeneous boundaries. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate consolidation behavior of unsaturated soils under four types of time‐dependent loadings, including instantaneous loading, ramp loading, exponential loading and sinusoidal loading. Parametric studies are illustrated by variations of pore‐air pressure, pore‐water pressure and settlement at different values of the ratio of air–water permeability coefficient, depth and loading parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Based on the Fredlund consolidation theory of unsaturated soil, exact solutions of the governing equations for one‐dimensional consolidation of single‐layer unsaturated soil are presented, in which the water permeability and air transmission are assumed to be constants. The general solution of two coupled homogeneous governing equations is first obtained. This general solution is expressed in terms of two functions psi1 and ψ2, where ψ1 and ψ2, respectively, satisfy two second‐order partial differential equations, which are in the same form. Using the method of separation of variables, the two partial differential equations are solved and exact solutions for three typical homogeneous boundary conditions are obtained. To obtain exact solutions of nonhomogeneous governing equations with three typical nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are first transformed into homogeneous boundary conditions. Then according to the method of undetermined coefficients and exact solutions of homogenous governing equations, the series form exact solutions are put forward. The validity of the proposed exact solutions is verified against other analytical solutions in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
为了研究多年冻土表层的水热分布情况,在非饱和冻土的能量守恒方程和水分迁移的质量控制方程的基础上考虑冰水相变和水汽相变过程,并考虑水汽运移传热及温度势对水汽迁移的影响,建立了非饱和冻土的水-热-汽耦合模型。采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法可方便地计算它们的演化过程。为此,在计算中先求解能量守恒方程的含冰量及气态水含量,再对未冻水含量和温度场进行求解,从而实现了温度场与水汽场的耦合。在此基础上,模拟计算了第1类热边界条件下半无限空间介质内非稳态温度场、体积含水率及水汽通量的分布情况,并将计算结果与未考虑耦合的解析解进行比较,结果显示水汽耦合的作用不容忽略。最后,针对处于季节性周期温度边界下路基的水热场的分布情况进行计算。研究表明,相比于水-热耦合模型,所建立的水-热-汽耦合模型得到的计算结果更为接近实际监测结果,可很好地揭示非饱和冻土中的水热汽迁移特征及其相变过程。 相似文献
8.
成层土在工程中很常见,研究降雨过程中成层非饱和土的渗流-变形耦合对非饱和土土力学的发展具有重要的意义。由流体质量守恒,Darcy定律和Lloret等的非饱和土本构模型可得成层非饱和土渗流-变形耦合的控制方程。采用Gardner的非饱和土的渗透系数公式以及Boltzman模型,基于Laplace变换得到耦合方程的解析解。解析及其参数分析表明,渗流和变形耦合是具有时间效应的。与吸力变化相关的土的模量F,对成层土的孔隙水压力分布有明显影响。两层土的F差异越大,孔隙水压力消散得越慢,耦合效应越不显著。增大表层土的F值有利于降低耦合效应。成层土饱和体积含水率变化对吸力变化产生有限的影响 相似文献
9.
The governing differential equations of unsaturated soils considering the thermo‐poro‐mechanical behaviour consist of equilibrium, moisture air and heat transfer equations. In this paper at first, following some necessary simplifications, the thermal three‐dimensional fundamental solution for an unsaturated deformable porous medium with linear elastic behaviour in Laplace transform domain is presented. Subsequently, the closed‐form time domain fundamental solutions are derived by analytical inversion of the Laplace transform domain solutions. Then a set of numerical results are presented, which demonstrate the accuracies and some salient features of the derived analytical transient fundamental solutions. Finally, the closed‐form time domain fundamental solution will be verified mathematically by comparison with the previously introduced corresponding fundamental solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
A numerical model based on the theory of mixtures is proposed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of flow and deformation in unsaturated porous media. Starting from the conservation laws, the governing differential equations and the finite element incremental approximations suitable for nonlinear large deformation static and dynamic analyses are derived within the updated Lagrangian framework. The coupling between solid and fluid phases is enforced according to the effective stress principle taking suction dependency of the effective stress parameter into account. The effect of hydraulic hysteresis on the effective stress parameter and soil water characteristic curve is also taken into account. The application of the approach is demonstrated through numerical analyses of several fundamental nonlinear problems and the results are compared to the relevant analytical solutions. The effects of suction, large deformations and hydraulic hysteresis on static and dynamic response of unsaturated soils are particularly emphasized. 相似文献
11.
This paper introduces an exact analytical solution for governing flow equations for one‐dimensional consolidation in unsaturated soil stratum using the techniques of eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation. The homogeneous boundary conditions adopted in this study are as follows: (i) a one‐way drainage system of homogenous soils, in which the top surface is considered as permeable to air and water, whereas the base is an impervious bedrock; and (ii) a two‐way drainage system where both soil ends allow free dissipation of pore‐air and pore‐water pressures. In addition, the analytical development adopts initial conditions capturing both uniform and linear distributions of the initial excess pore pressures within the soil stratum. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are parts of the general solution and can be obtained based on the proposed boundary conditions. Besides, the Laplace transform method is adopted to solve the first‐order differential equations. Once equations with transformed domain are all obtained, the final solutions, which are proposed to be functions of time and depth, can be achieved by taking an inverse Laplace transform. To verify the proposed solution, two worked examples are provided to present the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated soils based on the proposed method. The validation of the recent results against other existing analytical solutions is graphically demonstrated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
非饱和土是地球表层土体一种常见的存在形式。与经典的饱和土Biot固结理论相比,非饱和土固结理论还亟待发展。基于Fredlund非饱和土双应力变量固结理论,放弃传统理论固结过程中骨架总应力不变的假设,推导出变荷载作用下非饱和土全耦合轴对称固结理论的控制方程组。通过Laplace-Hankel变换处理变量t和r,所得的控制方程被处理为常微分方程组;扩展的精细积分法将被进一步运用求解方程组以得到层状非饱和土地基在变换域内的固结解答,而最终的解答将通过Laplace-Hankel逆变换技术求得。将非饱和土地基退化为饱和土地基,与现有文献结果进行对比,验证所提方法结果的可靠性;最后,提供3个数值算例,以讨论加载时间T0、孔隙水关于净应力的体积变化系数m1w以及土体分层性对非饱和土固结特性的影响。 相似文献
13.
Unsaturated soils are considered as porous continua, composed of porous skeleton with its pores filled by water and air. The governing partial differential equations (PDE) are derived based on the mechanics for isothermal and infinitesimal evolution of unsaturated porous media in terms of skeleton displacement vector, liquid, and gas scalar pressures. Meanwhile, isotropic linear elastic behavior and liquid retention curve are presented in terms of net stress and capillary pressure as constitutive relations. Later, an explicit 3D Laplace transform domain fundamental solution is obtained for governing PDE and then closed‐form analytical transient 3D fundamental solution is presented by means of analytical inverse Laplace transform technique. Finally, a numerical example is presented to validate the assumptions used to derive the analytical solution by comparing them with the numerically inverted ones. The transient fundamental solutions represent important features of the elastic wave propagation theory in the unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
This paper presents a simple analytical solution to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional (1‐D) consolidation theory for unsaturated soils. The coefficients of permeability and volume change for unsaturated soils are assumed to remain constant throughout the consolidation process. The mathematical expression of the present solution is much simpler compared with the previous available solutions in the literature. Two new variables are introduced to transform the two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved with standard mathematical formulas. It is shown that the present analytical solution can be degenerated into that of Terzaghi consolidation for fully saturated condition. The analytical solutions to 1‐D consolidation of an unsaturated soil subjected to instantaneous loading, ramp loading, and exponential loading, for different drainage conditions and initial pore pressure conditions, are summarized in tables for ease of use by practical engineers. In the case studies, the analytical results show good agreement with the available analytical solution in the literature. The consolidation behaviors of unsaturated soils are investigated. The average degree of consolidation at different loading patterns and drainage conditions is presented. The pore‐water pressure isochrones for two different drainage conditions and three initial pore pressure distributions are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
A three-dimensional, three-phase numerical model is presented for simulating the movement of immiscible fluids, including
nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), through porous media. The model is designed to simulate soil flume experiments and for practical
application to a wide variety of contamination scenarios involving light or dense NAPLs in heterogeneous subsurface systems.
The model is derived for the three-phase flow of water, NAPL, and air in porous media. The basic governing equations are based
upon the mass conservation of the constitutents within the phases. The descretization chosen to transform the governing equations
into the approximating equations, although logically regular, is very general. The approximating equations are a set of simultaneous
coupled nonlinear equations which are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The linear system solutions needed for the Newton-Raphson
method are obtained using a matrix of preconditioner/accelerator iterative methods.
Because of the special way the governing equations are implemented, the model is capable of simulating many of the phenomena
considered necessary for the sucessful simulation of field problems including entry pressure phenomena, entrapment, and preferential
flow paths. The model is verified by comparing it with several exact analytic test solutions and three soil flume experiments
involving the introduction and movement of light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) or dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL)
in heterogeneous sand containing a watertable.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
A semi‐analytical approach is developed for modeling 3D heat transfer in sparsely fractured rocks with prescribed water flow and heat source. The governing differential equations are formulated, and the corresponding integral equations over the fracture faces and the distributed heat source are established in the Laplace transformed domain using the Green function method with local systems of coordinates. The algebraic equations of the Laplace transformed temperatures of water in the fractures are formed by dividing the integrals into elemental ones; in particular, the fracture faces are discretized into rectangular elements, over which the integrations are carried out either analytically for singular integrals when the base point is involved or numerically for regular integrals when otherwise. The solutions of the algebraic equations are inverted numerically to obtain the real‐time temperatures of water in the fractures, which may be employed to calculate the temperatures at prescribed locations of the rock matrix. Three example calculations are presented to illustrate the workability of the developed approach. The calculations found that water flux in the fractures may decrease the rate of temperature rise in regions close to the distributed heat source and increase the rate of temperature rise in regions downstream away from the distributed heat source and that the temperature distribution and evolvement in a sparsely fractured rock mass may be significantly influenced by water flow exchange at intersection of fractures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents an exact analytical solution to fully coupled axisymmetric consolidation of a semi‐infinite, transversely isotropic saturated soil subjected to a uniform circular loading at the ground surface. The analysis is under the framework of Biot's general theory of consolidation. First, the governing equations of consolidation are transformed into a set of equivalent partial differential equations with the introduction of two auxiliary variables. These partial differential equations are then solved using Hankel–Laplace integral transforms. Once solutions in the transformed domain have been obtained, the actual solutions in the physical domain for displacements and stress components of the solid matrix, pore‐water pressure and fluid discharge can be finally obtained by direct numerical inversion. The accuracy of the numerical solutions developed is confirmed by comparison with an existing exact solution for an isotropic and saturated soil that is a special case of the more general problem addressed. Numerical analyses are also presented to investigate the influence of the degree of material anisotropy on the consolidation settlement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
A numericl method for solving consolidation problems of layered soils is developed. Starting from the governing differential equations for the coupled poro-elastic medium, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by means of the appropriate displacement functions and Laplace-Fourier transformation. Once the fundamental solution in the transformed domain has been found, the solution in the physical domain is obtained by numerically inverting the transformations. A series of soil consolidation problems have been solved and validated against existing solutions in order to compare the feasibility and the accuracy of the present technique. 相似文献
19.
基于Zienkiewicz提出的非饱和多孔介质波动理论,考虑两相流体和固体颗粒的压缩性以及惯性、黏滞和机械耦合作用,采用半解析的方法获得了一类典型边界条件下单层非饱和多孔介质一维瞬态响应解。首先推导出无量纲化后以位移表示的控制方程,并将其写成矩阵形式;然后,将边界条件齐次化,求解控制方程所对应的特征值问题,得到了满足齐次边界条件的特征值和相对应的特征函数。根据变异系数法并利用特征函数的正交性,得到了一系列仅黏滞耦合的关于时间的二阶常微分方程及相应的初始条件。在此基础上,运用精细时程积分法给出了常微分方程组的数值解。最后,通过若干算例验证了结果的正确性并探讨了单层非饱和多孔介质一维瞬态动力响应的特点。该方法可推广应用于其他典型的边界条件。 相似文献
20.
考虑土颗粒、孔隙流体的压缩性及各相物质间的黏性、惯性耦合作用,采用理论上更加严谨的饱和度本构关系式,建立了非饱和土的动力控制方程。该组方程与饱和土的经典Biot波动方程完全兼容,因此,具有更广泛的适用性。通过引入一组状态向量,在圆柱坐标系下将非饱和土满足的波动方程转化为状态方程组,利用Hankel变换,求解状态方程组,得到了传递矩阵。结合边界条件及层间接触连续条件,求解了层状非饱和地基的稳态动力响应问题。数值算例表明：土层对地表动位移的影响主要集中在临界深度范围内;软硬土层的相对次序对地表动位移幅值有显著影响;饱和度增大会引起土的物理参数发生相应的改变,尤其是动剪切模量通常降幅较大,而动剪切模量是决定位移幅值的关键因素,最终的结果是导致地表动位移幅值明显增大。 相似文献