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1.
2002~2003渤海海冰数值预报   总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3  
海冰数值预报是海冰业务预报的主要方法之一。国家海洋环境预报中心建立了业务化的渤海海冰数值预报系统,并进行了多年的业务化运行。随着我国卫星遥感事业和数值天气预报技术的发展,海冰预报系统也在不断发展中。本文介绍了2002~2003冬季应用HY—1卫星海冰遥感和T213数值天气预报模式产品对该海冰数值预报系统的改进,对2002~2003冬季海冰数值预报的结果进行了分析和比较。  相似文献   

2.
为了获取准确的海冰信息,利用高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率数据相结合的方法来测算海冰面积,在假设TM海冰面积是比较准确的前提下,用TM海冰面积来订正MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR海冰面积,以提高这两种高时间分辨率遥感资料对海冰面积的判别精度。选取2003年2月5日的TM、MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR数据,在这3个图像上分别选择20个样本,然后进行了海冰面积的线性回归分析,得到的海冰面积提取订正模型。并分别以此两种模型为基础,对2002年12月8日至2003年2月26日和2005年2月1日至2月11日冬季渤海海冰面积进行修正,并将由MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR提取的海冰面积、用模型订正后和国家海洋环境预报中心给出的海冰面积做了详细的比较。结果表明:线性回归可以提高海冰信息的提取精度。此研究为海冰防灾减灾和海冰资源量估算提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
2002~2003年冬季渤海的冰情及预报   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文简要地分析了2002~2003年冬季渤海冰情特征,将海冰数值预报模式与传统的中长期海冰统计预报有机地结合起来,有效地提高了海冰预报精度,初步形成预报时效互补、点面结合、预报产品多样化、预报传递网络化的业务化海冰预报系统,满足不同用户和社会的需求,在防冰减灾工作中提高了经济和社会效益。  相似文献   

4.
北极楚科奇海海冰面积多年变化的研究   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
北极气候系统正在发生显著变化,其中,海冰面积和厚度的减小是其最主要的特征.楚科奇海是海冰面积变化最有代表性的区域.文章利用积累了9a的高分辨率海冰分布数据研究海冰面积的多年变化特征.结果表明,各年的冰情有显著的季节内变化,海冰面积距平曲线体现了不同时期海冰面积变化的动态过程.在1997~2005年间,楚科奇海海冰面积经历了轻(1997年)-重(2000~2001年)-轻(2002~2005年)的变化过程.9a的数据总体上体现了海冰面积减小的趋势,2005年的冰情呈现了历史新低.每年融冰期的长短与冰情轻重有密切的关系,冰轻年份融冰开始时间早,冻结结束时间晚.各年海冰面积最小值发生在9月下旬至10月初,各个年份海冰最小面积差别很大.有的年份只有4%,而重冰年可以大于50%.文章采用4个重要参数表达海冰多年变化.其中海冰面积指数反映了当年总体平均的海冰面积距平;海冰最小面积反映了融冰期海冰的极限情况;上一个冬季的气温积温也与翌年海冰面积有良好的关联;分析了风场对海冰的影响,表明风场在融冰期能够在短时间内改变海冰的覆盖面积.  相似文献   

5.
杨颖玥  刘海龙 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1564-1572
卫星记录以来,南极海冰范围发生5次快速下降事件,研究这5次事件的时空特征,对进一步认识海冰快速下降事件的物理机制具有重要意义。基于海冰范围和海冰密集度的卫星数据,从时间和空间两个维度总结5次南极海冰快速下降事件的特征,再结合大气和海洋各项环境因素的再分析数据,探讨海冰快速下降的影响因素及其驱动过程。结果显示:南极海冰快速下降的空间分布存在季节性差异, 2021年8~12月以及2016年8~12月的春季南极海冰快速下降由别林斯高晋海、威德尔海、印度洋和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导; 2010年12月至2011年4月以及1985年12月至1986年4月的夏季南极海冰快速下降由威德尔海、罗斯海沿岸和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导;2008年4~8月的冬季南极海冰快速下降则由别林斯高晋海和西太平洋的部分区域的海冰减少所主导。探究影响海冰的环境因素发现,海表面温度和海表面净热通量对海冰减少的热力效应影响具有区域性差异。此外,南极海冰快速下降受阿蒙森低压的影响,相应的海表面风异常既通过经向热输运的热力效应导致海冰减少,也通过风的动力效应驱动海冰漂移使得海冰密集度降低。  相似文献   

6.
利用NASA的北极海冰密集度资料(分辨率1.0°×0.25°,时间1979.10-2002.8)对冬季(12-2月)鄂霍次克海到白令海(42°-66°N、131°-158°W)的海冰场进行EOF分解,得到特征向量的空间分布及时间系数.利用NCEP再分析月资料(分辨率2.5°×2.5°,时间1979-2002年),采用合成分析的方法,分别对该区域海冰分布第一特征向量时间系数超过+0.5和低于-0.5年份做冬季500hPa高度、l000hPa高度、1000hPa气温的合成距平场.分析结果表明该区域的海冰分布与北半球中高纬度的大气环流和气温有显著的关系,同一模态下的海冰分布反位相时对应的大气状况也有明显的相反趋势.  相似文献   

7.
北极冬季季节性海冰双模态特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
郝光华  苏洁  黄菲 《海洋学报》2015,37(11):11-22
近年来北极海冰快速变化,北极中央区边缘正由以多年冰为主转为季节性海冰为主。通过对北极冬季季节性海冰的EOF分解发现,2002-2012年期间北极季节性海冰变化的前两模态主要体现为2005年和2007年的季节性海冰距平。其中第二模态主要体现了北极海冰在2005年的一种极端变化,而第一模态不仅体现了北极海冰在2007年的变化,还体现了北极季节性海冰的从负位相到正位相的转变。通过比较发现,在研究时段北极季节性海冰最主要的变化发生在北极太平洋扇区,在2007年,冬季季节性海冰距平发生位相转变,2007-2010年一直维持正位相,北极太平洋扇区冬季季节性海冰保持显著正距平。太平洋扇区表面温度最大异常也发生在2007年,从大气环流来看,2007年之后波弗特海区异常高压有利于夏季太平洋扇区海冰的减少,而西风急流的减弱有利于夏季波弗特海区异常高压的维持,结合夏季海冰速度,顺时针的冰速分布有利于海冰离开太平洋扇区,因而会导致冬季太平洋扇区季节性海冰转为正距平并且从2007年一直维持到2010年。  相似文献   

8.
“海洋1号”卫星在海冰监测和预报中的应用   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7  
“海洋1号A”卫星是我国发射的第一颗海洋卫星.2002~2003年冬季,该卫星首次应用于我国渤海海冰监测和预报.建立了从卫星1B级数据开始的海冰反演系统,提供海冰遥感图像和海冰密集度、冰厚与冰外缘线数值产品,作为渤海海冰监测和海冰数值预报初始场的重要信息来源,以及海冰预报质量检验的参考依据之一.介绍所发展的“海洋1号A”卫星海冰反演系统的流程、算法和反演参数,海冰反演结果,及其在渤海海冰监测和预报中的应用.  相似文献   

9.
评估了我国自主研发的海洋二号卫星(HY-2)海冰密集度产品在北极地区的适用性。与8种国际同类产品相比,HY-2产品的分辨率为25 km,属于低分辨率产品。HY-2产品2012年夏季的空间分布特征和其他产品差别不大,但在低密集度冰区和边缘区域的差异可达0.15~0.25。HY-2产品可以反映2012年7—10月海冰面积先减小后增大的规律,但最小海冰范围的出现时间比其他产品偏早,且平均值偏小。利用北极海冰数值预报系统进行的同化试验显示,HY-2产品可以有效改善海冰密集度的模拟结果,将平均偏差从控制试验的0.18~0.24减小为同化试验的0.05~0.08,改善效果和国际认可和常用的AMSR2/ASI产品相当。  相似文献   

10.
通过合成分析和回归分析,研究了影响辽东湾海冰变化的局地和大尺度环流因子,并基于一种深度学习方法——长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM),建立了辽东湾海冰延伸期预报模型。结果表明,LSTM模型能较好地预报出未来15 d辽东湾海冰的总体发展趋势、浮冰外缘线离岸距离的振荡变化及峰值发生时间等关键特征,1~15 d预报的平均绝对误差为4.1~5.7 n mile~①,均方根误差为5.4~7.5 n mile。LSTM模型的预报时效可达到15 d,较目前海冰数值预报(5~7 d)的时效延长一倍,且运算速度极快,能够节省大量的计算资源和时间成本。该模型的建立为利用深度学习方法开展海洋和气象预报提供了一种新思路。  相似文献   

11.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

12.
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.  相似文献   

13.
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献   

14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.  相似文献   

16.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.  相似文献   

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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

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