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1.
Nine rock reference samples "Sedimentary rock series" issued by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) were analysed for up to 31 elements by neutron activation analysis (NAA); 14MeV-NAA for Si and Al, fission track method for U, radiochemical and instrumental NAA for rare-earth elements, and instrumental NAA for the remaining elements, with reactor neutrons for the latter three. The present results are compared with reported values.  相似文献   

2.
Most trace elements in ultrabasic rock samples are very often present in concentration levels of less than 10 ppm. In these cases, neutron activation analysis (NAA) is very useful. We have applied two different NAA procedures for the determination of 19 trace elements and CaO in two ultrabasic rock standards. Our values are compared with the preferred and published values, although the latter are not very abundant.  相似文献   

3.
Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum (PGEs) and forty two other elements in two candidate geological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay reference materials taken from the Fish Clay, Stevns Klint, Denmark, were determined by a combination of neutron activation analysis (NAA) consisting of instrumental, epithermal and radiochemical NAA with or without nickel sulfide fire assay preconcentration. The accuracy of the experimental values was assessed by the comparative analysis of the certified reference materials.  相似文献   

4.
Abundances of 22 elements, including 9 rare earth elements (REE), have been determined by ‘monostandard’ instrumental neutron activation analysis of samples from the Luna 20 soil and in 6 rock fragments, including a crystalline rock of highland origin, a breccia of similar composition, a glass and a feldspar grain. The soil appears to have been contaminated with W and Mo. The REE content of the soil is very low, being close to 2.3 times below the level in the Luna 16 soil. Sampling errors, for most elements, are negligible in the case of analyses performed on one or several tens of mg of soil, but they become significant on crystalline rock fragments in the 1–2 mg range.  相似文献   

5.
Major and trace element analyses have been obtained by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence for the Geological Survey of Japan Igneous rock series and selected samples from the Sedimentary rock series reference samples. Additional trace element data for the Igneous rock series were obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Samples were analyzed multiple times for 10 major elements (with loss-on-ignition) and the following trace elements; As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Ga, Hf, La, Lu, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr.  相似文献   

6.
Ten U.S. Geological Survey rock standards have been analyzed for trace elements by instrumental neutron activation using a low flux reactor and Ge detectors. Results compare favorably with the current working values for all elements except Mo. REE values that have been determined are generally slightly lower than accepted values. Data obtained for rocks that have very low trace element concentrations (e.g., BIR-1) will aid in refining the working values for these standards.  相似文献   

7.
福建省表壳元素丰度   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  
蔡以评  郭小平 《福建地质》1997,16(3):105-109
按新一代福建省地质图的岩石地层和侵入岩谱系单位划分的岩石类型采样，经无污染加工，制备组合分析样，由国同３家权威实验室，用中子活化法等１５种分析手段，定量测试６２种元素，又按构造区和岩石类型制备大组合样测定１５种元素。采用福建地壳厚度３１．５ｋｍ，三分法地壳模型，计算福建省表壳、各地质构造单元、以及四大岩石类型的元素丰度，初步讨论福建省地壳与各地质构造单元的主要成分特征。  相似文献   

8.
In this study, we used the modified Horwitz expression (Hc= 0.01c0.8495, which gives the precision as a function of concentration) to evaluate and control the accuracy of results of silicate rock analysis obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. This expression is currently used by the organisers of the GeoPT international proficiency tests, to assign the precision limits of each analyte and subsequently to evaluate the data provided by laboratories whose main application is geochemistry. Results for major and trace elements, determined in glass disk and pressed pellets, respectively, were evaluated. Nine international silicate rock reference materials were analysed and results were compared to the recommended values plus and minus the limits given by the above expression. Those limits are easily attained for most major elements, but not for trace elements. Sample preparation and sub-sampling contributions to precision were evaluated by analysis of an in-house reference sample. In our results, precision does not follow the Horwitz expression relationship with concentration. It is known that the final accuracy in XRF analysis depends strongly on instrumental settings and on the uncertainties associated with the certified or recommended values of the reference materials used to calibrate the spectrometer, but our results indicate that the precision expression can be useful, especially to inspect and correct calibration curves and to check routine instrumental accuracy.  相似文献   

9.
Data for as many as 31 elements were determined by instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis for nine European Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) rock and ore standards. The National Bureau of Standards plastic clay 98 and the University of Gent fired clay FCG were also analyzed. Synthetic, multielement standards were used and USGS rock standards provided reference samples. Correction factors for uranium fission products on cerium and molybdenum, and also for less commonly encountered spectral interferences, such as those due to the 213 ppm tantalum in granitoid 2B, were evaluated.  相似文献   

10.
Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Certified Reference Materials (GPt1-7)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Unlike the situation for other elements, few reference materials certified for the platinum-group elements are currently available. Therefore, the GPt1-7 series of PGE geochemical CRMs, prepared by the IGGE, represent an important addition and comprise a range of matrix types, including a soil, stream sediment, Mg-rich ultramafic rock, Fe-rich ultramafic rock, platinoid ore depleted in Cu, Ni and Fe, and a chromitite. The concentration of PGE in these samples ranges over 4-5 orders of magnitude and the samples were shown to have good homogeneity as assessed by a variance test. Analytical methods based on different principles were used in sample certification, including several fire assay and wet chemical procedures used for decomposition and preconcentration. Certified values for the elements Pt, Pd, Os, Ru, Ir, Rh and Au were determined by AAS, catalytic colourimetry (COL), catalytic polarography (POL), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ICP-MS and NAA. Recently, the GPt1-7 samples were approved as national primary CRMs by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China.  相似文献   

11.
New data for 21 trace elements including eight rare-earths, determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) in two rook reference samples (Granite G-2, Andesite AGV-1), are compared with the preferred values previously proposed. Using compiled data published in 1969 and in 1972, further comparisons are made with the preferred means calculated for different methods of trace analysis. NAA data compiled in 1969 and in 1972 and new results published since then are assembled in two tables for the 21 elements. These 1976 NAA data lead us to suggest slight revisions of the preferred values for five to ton elements in each sample.  相似文献   

12.
More than 130 samples of Tertiary phonolitic, trachytic and trachyandesitic rocks, representing evolved members of strongly and weakly alkaline volcanic rock series of the Ohre (Eger) Rift in the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic, were analysed by instrumental neutron and photon activation analysis (INAA and IPAA, respectively). Forty-two major and trace elements were determined to explain the origin of such evolved rocks. Specific features of INAA and IPAA of the silicic, highly alkaline rocks are discussed, and results for selected samples are given.  相似文献   

13.
The trace elements Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Gd, Hf, La, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, Tm, U, V, Yb and Zr have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and U by delayed neutron counting in the USGS standard rock samples STM-1, RGM-1, QLO-1, SDC-1, BHVO-1, SCo-1, SGR-1 and MAG-1. The results are compared with those found in the literature.  相似文献   

14.
37 geochemical reference samples, issued mostly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the "Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochi-miques", have been analysed for more than twenty trace elements using instrumental neutron activation technique. The results are compared with published data; in most oases, the agreement is good.  相似文献   

15.
The complete dissolution of representative test portions of powdered rock samples for the determination of the mass fractions of trace elements by ICP‐MS relies either on aggressive and time‐consuming acid digestions or fusion/sintering with appropriate fluxes. Here, we evaluate a microwave oven dissolution method that employs a solution of NH4HF2 and HNO3. The entire procedure occurs in a closed vessel system and takes up to 4 h. In hundreds of digestions, the precipitation of fluorides was never observed. Replicate decomposition of 100 mg of twenty‐one international reference materials (RMs) of igneous rocks, and also one of a shale presented mostly satisfactory recoveries of forty‐one trace elements. Important exceptions were Zr and Hf in G‐2 and GSP‐2 (mean recoveries of ca. 70%), although for four other felsic rock RMs, the digestion was complete. For ultramafic rock RMs, we present Cr results that indicate quantitative dissolution of Cr‐bearing phases. We discuss the findings and conclude that advances in sample preparation of geological materials for instrumental analysis would benefit from a better understanding of how specific characteristics, such as composition and crystallinity of certain minerals, may affect their reactivity.  相似文献   

16.
张西平 《物探与化探》1992,16(3):208-215
围岩蚀变有一部分是成矿作用的结果。与成矿作用关系密切的围岩蚀变是矿质沉淀之前的早期围岩蚀变,它的矿物组合在化学上能够接受矿石的沉淀。实际上这样的围岩蚀变是矿石沉淀的条件准备,是早期的热水溶液与有利的围岩介质环境相互作用的结果,所以它是有利于矿质沉淀的地球化学环境的综合体现。后期蚀变围岩新的矿物组合是造岩元素重新分配的结果,因此造岩元素的地球化学异常无疑反映了有利于矿质沉淀的地球化学循环和成矿作用。斑岩铜矿和黑矿型矿床分别具有典型的造岩元素地球化学异常模式,其空间分布形态和量的变化与矿化范围及赋矿部位具有密切的对应关系。包体成分的研究、矿质的络合物迁移理论、矿液与围岩间的物质交换以及黄铁矿矿床成矿初期所成的“交代岩柱”等均表明造岩元素控制了成矿组分的迁移、聚集和沉淀。因此造岩元素地球化学异常不仅是矿床地球化学研究的重要内容,且是地球化学找矿评价尤其是找盲矿的重要标志。  相似文献   

17.
The interaction of granitic rock with meteoric fluid is instrumental in determining the chemistry of pore fluids and alteration mineralogy in downflow portions of convective groundwater circulation cells associated with many hydrothermal systems in the continental crust. Hydrothermal experiments and a detailed mineralogical study have been carried out to investigate the hydrothermal alteration of the Carnmenellis Granite, Cornwall, UK. Samples of drill chippings from a borehole 2 km deep in the Carnmenellis Granite have been reacted with a dilute Na-HCO3-Cl fluid in hydrothermal solution equipment at temperatures of 80°, 150° and 250° C and a pressure of 50 MPa, with a water/rock mass ratio of 10, for experiment durations up to 200 days. Fluid samples were analysed for seventeen different chemical components, and solids were examined prior to, and after reaction using SEM, electron microprobe and conventional light optic techniques. Experimental fluids were mildly alkaline (pH 7–8.5) and of low salinity (TDS <800 mgl–1). Mineral-fluid reaction was dominated by the dissolution of plagioclase and the growth of smectite, calcite (at all temperatures), laumontite (at 150° C), wairakite and anhydrite (at 250° C). Final fluids were saturated with respect to quartz and fluorite. Certain trace elements (Li, B, Sr) were either incorporated into solids precipitated during the experiments or sorbed onto mineral surfaces and cannot be considered as conservative (partitioned into the fluid phase) elements. Concentrations of all analysed chemical components showed net increases during the experiments except for Ca (at 250° C) and Mg (at all temperatures). A comparison of the alteration mineralogy observed in the experiments with that present as natural fracture infills in drillcore from the Carnmenellis Granite reveals that the solid products from the experiments correspond closely to mineral assemblages identified as occurring during the later stages of hydrothermal circulation associated with the emplacement of the granite.  相似文献   

18.
桂北宝坛锡多金属成矿区内岩浆活动频繁,其中与锡多金属成矿作用有关的平英岩体由早晚两期侵入岩组成,且晚期侵入岩中常含有较多的电英岩包体。岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究表明：平英岩体晚期侵入岩主要岩性是（中）细粒斑状黑云母（二长-）碱长花岗岩;晚期侵入岩的形成年龄为（769.2±2.5）Ma,而电英岩包体的形成年龄为（795.1±3.1）Ma;平英岩体总体以富含大离子亲石元素（LILE,包括Rb、Th和U等）、贫高场强元素（HFSE,包括Nb和Ti等）为特征,其早期侵入岩属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质S型花岗岩,具有明显的Th-U元素"U"型峰值以及Ti元素"V"型谷值,晚期侵入岩属于钾玄岩系列岩石,具有U元素"V"型尖峰值以及La-Nd和Eu-Ti元素"U"型谷值,二者在地球化学特征上存在较大的差异。结合岩浆源区性质的研究结果,早期侵入岩属于造山后花岗岩类,可能是源自泥质岩类部分熔融形成的岩浆,再经历高程度分离结晶作用形成的产物;而晚期侵入岩属于非造山花岗岩类,可能是源自泥质岩和砂屑岩类部分熔融形成的岩浆与幔源岩浆发生了不同程度的混合形成的产物。结合电英岩包体和寨滚锡多金属矿床中岩浆热液成矿阶段形成的电英岩脉在成因上存在亲缘关系,且其形成年龄与田棚岩体的形成年龄基本一致的特征,推测电英岩包体应为晚期侵入岩侵位过程中捕获早期侵入岩（田棚岩体）侵位过程中形成的岩浆热液型电英岩脉而形成的包体,其形成年龄可能代表了本区电英岩成矿阶段的成矿年龄。  相似文献   

19.
庐山地区海会-石背山北北东向构造岩浆岩带,明显受中新生代以来伸展拆离构造与左旋走滑剪切构造复合控制。各单元花岗岩类在空间分布、岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素等方面均存在规律性变化。岩浆成因类型具“S”型向“Ⅰ”型演化特征。  相似文献   

20.
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