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近50a东北冷涡暴雨水汽源地分布及其水汽贡献率分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用HYSPLIT v4.9轨迹追踪模式,以分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的再分析资料驱动模式,对东北地区308例冷涡暴雨过程中的目标气块,进行后向轨迹追踪模拟。结果显示东北冷涡暴雨主要有4个水汽源地,(Ⅰ)西太平洋及相邻海域(包括鄂霍次克海、日本海、黄海、渤海和东海)水汽贡献率最大,平均水汽贡献率达39.8%;依次是(Ⅱ)孟加拉湾—南海海域为32.1%;(Ⅲ)欧亚大陆,尤其是贝加尔湖附近为20.9%;(Ⅳ)东北地区的水汽贡献率最小,仅为7.2%。欧亚大陆主要输送700 hPa高度附近的干冷气团,而各海域则输送800 hPa高度以下的暖湿气团。 相似文献
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针对半球月平均位势高度场球函数分析的实际问题,分析比较了吴新元提出的数值积分公式与常用的梯形积分公式、辛卜生积分公式在标准化缔合勒让德函数^↑Pm^m＋2k模、交角计算中的误差。结果表明：对m=0,1,吴新元数值积分公式的^↑Pm^m＋2k模、交角计算精度明显高于常用的两种积分公式;对m≥2,吴新元数值积分公式的精度虽低于梯形积分公式,但其模、交角误差低于10^-4、2×10^-3°。由于半球月平均位势高度场球函数方差谱具有低维、低阶的基本特征,故用吴新元数值积分公式替代常用积分公式可明显提高月平均位势高度场球函数分析精度。 相似文献
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IAP AGCM-Ⅰ水平分辨率的提高及对全球和东亚区域气候的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在中国科学院大气物理研究所(IAP)第一代大气环流模式(AGCM1.2)的基础上,将其水平分辨率从原先的4°×5°分别提高到2°×2.5°和1×1.25°,得到更新版本的IAP AGCM1.3a(水平分辨率为2°×2.5°)和IAP AGCM1.3b(水平分辨率为1°×1.25°).利用上述水平分辨率提高后的模式进行了长时间积分,分析模式模拟结果可知:水平分辨率的提高确实可以在一定程度上改进气候模式对当代气候的模拟能力,特别是对地形雨以及东亚夏季风降水细致分布的模拟.从而为进一步改进IAP跨季度数值气候预测系统,提高短期气候预测能力提供了模式基础. 相似文献
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用中国科学院大气物理研究所高分辨率、自由表面热带海洋环流模式对厄尼诺/南方涛动(El/Southern Oscillation)循环中另一重要位相La Niña事件进行了数值模拟研究。模式区域为南北纬30°之间的热带太平洋,经纬圈水平方向分辨率分别为2°和1°,垂直方向分为不等距的14层;模式中考虑了盐度并引入与洋流切变和层结稳定度有关的垂直扩散参数化方案。在观测到的海表风应力、热量和淡水通量(蒸发与降水之差)驱动下,所发展的模式从1984年积分到1989年。本文给出模式对近十几年来最强的1988年La Niña事件进行数值模拟的结果,着重分析La Niña期间热带太平洋海面起伏、流场和温度场时空演变,以及La Niña和El期间变量场时空结构差别。文中还进行了模式结果和一些观测资料间的比较。 相似文献
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改进的雷达回波顶高、垂直积分液态水含量及其密度算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于新一代天气雷达回波顶高和垂直积分液态水含量产品的若干缺陷,提出其改进算法,并增加垂直积分液态水含量密度算法。改进的回波顶高算法通过极坐标方式将该产品的空间分辨率从4 km×4 km提高为1°×1 km,且通过垂直线性内插处理得到更精确的回波顶高值。改进的垂直积分液态水含量算法通过扩大计算范围（460 km）满足监视来自上风方向对流的需求,通过去掉18 dBz阈值的限制、提高空间分辨率（1°×1 km）以及保存未分等级的数据,从而提高其产品的精细化分辨能力,以满足监视初生天气潜在发展的需求。通过对比分析算法改进前后的回波顶高和垂直积分液态水含量产品以描述改进产品的优点,结果表明：改进后的回波顶高产品已无原产品中的锯齿状振荡;回波顶高值大于等于改进前的;改进的垂直积分液态水含量产品纹理更加光滑、结构更加精细。相比垂直积分液态水含量,垂直积分液态水含量密度更适合作为冰雹判别指标。 相似文献
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2011年初贵州持续低温雨雪冰冻天气成因研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
2011年1月贵州再次出现仅次于2008年初的低温雨雪冰冻天气,过程长达32天,伴随3次明显的冷空气影响,具有持续时间长、间断性突出、中期降雪突出的特点。本文利用NCEP（美国国家环境预报中心）1°×1°再分析资料、2.5°×2.5°再分析资料、MICAPS（气象信息综合分析处理系统）观测资料,对2011年1月发生在贵州的低温雨雪冰冻天气进行了分析。分析表明：（1）2011年1月北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,极涡偏于东半球,亚欧地区位势高度距平呈“北高南低”;亚欧中高纬度出现了2次强大、稳定、持久的阻塞高压;（2）副热带南支锋区活跃,12月31日～1月2日、1月9～11日、17～20日、27～29日有4次活跃期,水汽输送具有间断性特点;（3）维持在25°N附近的低层切变为低温雨雪天气的发生提供了辐合条件,地面上稳定持久的准静止锋是低温雨雪天气发生的重要影响系统;（4）强冻雨、冰粒及降雪天气的温度场、锋区结构、大气运动状况等存在差异。出现强冻雨天气时,锋面逆温高度最低、逆温梯度最大、逆温厚度最薄,逆温区有较厚的暖层,云层伸展高度在600 hPa以下,气流上升区高度低,具有暖云降水的特点。出现冰粒天气时,锋面逆温高度较低、逆温梯度大、逆温厚度较薄,逆温区有浅薄的暖层,云层伸展高度较高,气流上升区高度较低,也具有暖云降水的特点;出现降雪天气时,锋面逆温高度较高、逆温梯度最小、逆温厚度薄,逆温区无暖层,云层伸展高度超过500 hPa,具有深厚的垂直上升运动和冷云降水的特点。 相似文献
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Summary An attempt has been made to simulate the unprecedented heavy precipitation of 94.4 cm in a day over Santacruz, Mumbai during
0300 UTC 26 July to 0300 UTC 27 July 2005. Three experiments have been conducted using Advanced Regional Prediction System
model developed by Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms of Oklahoma University, USA. In first experiment the model
input at large domain size has been obtained using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data at 2.5° × 2.5° lat.–lon. resolution. In other
two experiments model input at large as well as at small domain sizes, have been obtained from NCEP/NCAR FNL data of 1° ×
1° lat.–lon. resolution. In all three experiments model’s horizontal resolution is 40 km and integration period is 30 hours
from 0000 UTC 26 July 2005. Based on the temporal distribution of observed rainfall rates it is considered that the rainfall
of 38.1 cm during 0900–1200 UTC on 26 July could be due to cloud burst phenomenon and 56.3 cm from 1200 UTC of 26 July to
0300 UTC of 27 July has been due to continuous regeneration of thunderstorm activity under influence of mesoscale cloud complex.
It is found that model forecast of rainfall in first experiment was qualitatively as well as quantitatively very poor. Among
other two, experiment with large domain size has predicted better rainfall values and location compared to the experiment
with small domain size. The larger domain has produced rainfall of 41 cm as against observed rain rate of 56.3 cm. during
1200 UTC of 26 July to 0300 UTC of 27 July. Divergence, vorticity, vertical velocity and moisture parameters are examined
in relation with the various stages of the event. The maximum values of convergence, vorticity and moisture fluxes precede
the initial phase of mature stage, however vertical velocity follows the later phase of mature stage. Vorticity budget over
the location of maximum rainfall, revealed the significant role of tilting term in maintenance and dissipation of the cloud
complex responsible for the event. The model has simulated mixing ratios of ice, snow and hail up to height of 15 km which
matches with the observations that clouds reaching up to 15 km were present at the time of event of heavy precipitation. 相似文献
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A high-resolution tropical Pacific general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a global atmospheric GCM is described in this paper. The atmosphere component is the 5°×4°global general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) with 9 levels in the vertical direction. The ocean component with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°, is based on a low-resolution model (2°×1°in longitude-latitude).Simulations of the ocean component are first compared with its previous version. Results show that the enhanced ocean horizontal resolution allows an improved ocean state to be simulated; this involves (1) an apparent decrease in errors in the tropical Pacific cold tongue region, which exists in many ocean models,(2) more realistic large-scale flows, and (3) an improved ability to simulate the interannual variability and a reduced root mean square error (RMSE) in a long time integration. In coupling these component models, a monthly "linear-regression" method is employed to correct the model's exchanged flux between the sea and the atmosphere. A 100-year integration conducted with the coupled GCM (CGCM) shows the effectiveness of such a method in reducing climate drift. Results from years 70 to 100 are described.The model produces a reasonably realistic annual cycle of equatorial SST. The large SSTA is confined to the eastern equatorial Pacific with little propagation. Irregular warm and cold events alternate with a broad spectrum of periods between 24 and 50 months, which is very realistic. But the simulated variability is weaker than the observed and is also asymmetric in the sense of the amplitude of the warm and cold events. 相似文献
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R. A. Stratton 《Climate Dynamics》1999,15(1):9-28
A high resolution (0.833° latitude by 1.25° longitude) AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) integration is compared
with a control integration at standard resolution (2.5° by 3.75°). Both integrations use HadAM2b, a recent version of the
Hadley Centre atmospheric general circulation model. ECMWF reanalysis data for the AMIP period (1979–1988), together with
other climatologies, are used to evaluate the results. An additional integration at standard resolution using the high resolution
shorter time step is used to help distinguish between changes due to model resolution and those which are due to time step
dependencies in the physical parametrizations. Enhanced resolution increases the vertical motion, intensifies the hydrological
cycle, reduces slightly the model’s cold bias in the troposphere, shifts the westerly jets poleward and tends to increase
the eddy kinetic energy and variability of the model. The high resolution simulation has less mid-latitude cloud, so altering
the radiation balance. There is no evidence to suggest that increasing resolution has an impact on the model’s response to
SST forcing.
Received: 7 October 1997 / Accepted: 16 June 1998 相似文献
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In the context of 1985—1988 ERBE and 1984—1988 ISCCP planetary scale albedoes and totalcloudiness in combination with Qinghai-Xizang actinometric measurements,investigation wasperformed of the climatic retrieval of surface absorbed shortwave radiation(SASWR)in theresearch highland.Evidence suggests that the method has given higher fitting accuracy with meanerror of 9.8 W m~(-2),whereupon was calculated the monthly mean SASWR flux density at thegridpoints of 2.5°×2.5°resolution over 25—40°N,75—95°E and 63 stations alongside a set of thedistribution maps prepared for its basic features. 相似文献
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P. Sinha U. C. Mohanty S. C. Kar S. K. Dash S. Kumari 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):285-306
The regional climate model (RegCM3) from the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics has been used to simulate the Indian summer monsoon for three different monsoon seasons such as deficit (1987), excess (1988) and normal (1989). Sensitivity to various cumulus parameterization and closure schemes of RegCM3 driven by the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting global spectral model products has been tested. The model integration of the nested RegCM3 is conducted using 90 and 30-km horizontal resolutions for outer and inner domains, respectively. The India Meteorological Department gridded rainfall (1° × 1°) and National Centre for Environment Prediction (NCEP)–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis-2 of 2.5° × 2.5° horizontal resolution data has been used for verification. The RegCM3 forced by NCEP–DOE reanalysis-2 data simulates monsoon seasons of 1987 and 1988 reasonably well, but the monsoon season of 1989 is not represented well in the model simulations. The RegCM3 runs driven by the global model are able to bring out seasonal mean rainfall and circulations well with the use of the Grell and Anthes–Kuo cumulus scheme at 90-km resolution. While the rainfall intensity and distribution is brought out well with the Anthes–Kuo scheme, upper air circulation features are brought out better by the Grell scheme. The simulated rainfall distribution is better with RegCM3 using the MIT-Emanuel cumulus scheme for 30-km resolution. Several statistical analyses, such as correlation coefficient, root mean square error, equitable threat score, confirm that the performance of MIT-Emanuel scheme at 30-km resolution is better in simulating all-India summer monsoon rainfall. The RegCM3 simulated rainfall amount is more and closer to observations than that from the global model. The RegCM3 has corrected its driven GCM in terms of rainfall distribution and magnitude over some parts of India during extreme years. This study brings out several weaknesses of the RegCM model which are documented in this paper. 相似文献
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中国区域高分辨率多源降水观测产品的融合方法试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
高质量、高分辨率降水产品研制对于数值天气模式检验、水文陆面模拟、山洪地质灾害监测有着重要意义。利用中国近4万自动气象站逐时降水资料、中国雷达定量降水估计和CMORPH卫星反演降水产品,开展0.05°×0.05°和0.01°×0.01°两种高分辨率下的三源降水融合方法研究试验,探讨如何有效引入雷达高分辨率信息来提高降水产品质量。一方面,在0.05°分辨率上,先以自动气象站观测降水数据为基准,采用概率密度函数（PDF）匹配法订正雷达和卫星估测降水产品的系统偏差,将雷达降水产品的偏差从-0.05 mm/h降至-0.008 mm/h;再采用贝叶斯模型平均（BMA）方法融合雷达和卫星降水产品,形成0.05°分辨率的中国区域覆盖完整且最优的联合降水背景场。此外,在0.01°分辨率上,以0.05°分辨率的卫星-雷达贝叶斯模型平均联合降水产品为背景,采用1 km雷达估测降水的空间结构信息进行降尺度,亦能有效提高0.01°分辨率背景场的质量。然后,分别以不同分辨率的卫星-雷达联合降水产品为背景,采用统计方法量化误差估计,再采用最优插值方法融入地面观测。通过2419个中国国家级气象台站的独立样本检验,评估了多种类型的降水资料及融合试验产品在中国地区的质量。结果表明,两种分辨率的三源融合试验产品的精度均优于任何单一来源的降水产品,特别是在站点稀疏地区,降水精度均较融合前有显著提高,达到了较好的融合效果,其中在0.05°分辨率上采用“概率密度函数+贝叶斯模型平均+最优插值”方法的三源融合降水产品整体质量最好,而0.01°分辨率上基于“概率密度函数+贝叶斯模型平均+降尺度+最优插值”方法的三源融合降水产品在强降水监测上更有优势。 相似文献
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对法国动力气象实验室发展的变网格全球大气环流模式LMDZ4在东亚地区的模拟性能进行评估。LMDZ4作为海气耦合模式IPSL-CM5A的大气模块,本文局地格点加密区域位于东亚上空,加密区外使用ERA-interim再分析资料进行驱动,积分时段为1979—2009年。通过对模式在东亚东部区域夏季气候的模拟能力评估,发现模式整体上能够真实地模拟出南亚高压、西风急流、西太副高、水汽输送以及夏季风等环流系统的气候平均态,地面雨带和气温的分布及极值中心都得到较好再现。同时模式仍显现一定的偏差,具体表现为,华南沿海的模拟偏冷偏湿,江淮流域偏暖偏干,而东北地区则偏暖偏湿,导致这种地面要素场偏差的原因来自于中上层环流场的系统性模拟偏差。例如,高层南亚高压、西风急流模拟偏弱,而印度季风和来自印度洋的水汽输送偏强,导致华南沿海降水偏多。西太平洋副高偏东偏弱,低纬东风带强度偏弱,西太平洋区域比湿偏小,使得东南风带来的水汽无法到达江淮流域。上述偏差的产生可能由于LMDZ4模式中的云参数化方案尚存在不足之处,使得云量的模拟偏少,并且该版本模式的垂直分辨率不足,限制了它对高层环流系统的模拟能力,增加了模式的系统误差。 相似文献
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2016年中国国家气象中心区域台风模式（GRAPES_TYM）对第18号热带气旋（记为TC 1618）的路径预报出现了较大的误差:其平均路径误差显著大于全年的平均误差。分析了涡旋初始化方案（包括涡旋重定位以及涡旋强度调整）对其路径预报的影响。结果显示,涡旋强度调整是造成TC1618预报路径平均误差偏大的主要原因。不同的强度调整半径（r0=12°,9°,6°,3°）对TC1618路径影响的敏感性试验结果显示,强度调整半径越大,其平均路径预报误差越大。500 hPa副热带高压以及平均海平面涡旋尺度分析发现:较大的强度调整半径（r0=12°,9°）其初始时刻的涡旋尺度较大,涡旋北侧邻近区域副热带高压等值线相对偏北,副热带高压相对偏弱。尺度大的涡旋其北移速度较大,并且在积分过程中其环流邻近区域副热带高压进一步减弱,导致涡旋环流会更早与其西北侧东移的西风槽结合,移速偏快。 相似文献
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ON THE SENSITIVITY OF PRECIPITATION FORECASTS TO THE MOIST PHYSICS AND THE HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION OF NUMERICAL MODEL* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yu Xiaoding Huang Xiang-Yu Leif Laursen Erik Rasmussen 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1997,11(4):432-445
The impacts of the enhanced model's moist physics and horizontal resolution upon the QPFs(quantitative precipitation forecasts) are investigated by applying the HIRLAM(high resolution limited area model) to the summer heavy-rain cases in China.The performance of the control run,for which a 0.5°×0.5°grid spacing and a traditional "grid-box supersaturation removal+Kuo type convective paramerization" are used as the moist physics,is compared with that of the sensitivity runs with an enhanced model's moist physics(Sundqvist scheme) and an increased horizontal resolution(0.25°×0.25°),respectively.The results show:(1) The enhanced moist physics scheme(Sundqvist scheme),by introducing the cloud water content as an additional prognostic variable and taking into account briefly of the microphysics involved in the cloud-rain conversion,does bring improvements in the model's QPFs.Although the deteriorated QPFs also occur occasionally,the improvements are found in the majority of the cases,indicating the great potential for the improvement of QPFs by enhancing the model's moist physics.(2) By increasing the model's horizontal resolution from 0.5°×0.5°,which is already quite high compared with that of the conventional atmospheric soundings,to 0.25°×0.25°without the simultaneous enhancement in model physics and objective analysis,the improvements in QPFs are very limited.With higher resolution,although slight amelioration in locating the rainfall centers and in resolving some finer structures of precipitation pattern are made,the number of the mis-predicted fine structures in rainfall field increases with the enhanced model resolution as well. 相似文献