共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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《地下水》2017,(5)
在水文水资源领域,信息技术也逐渐引入水文水资源管理中,大大降低了水利工作者的日常管理工作量,使水文水资源的监测管理工作质量得到极大提升。水文信息系统实现现代化发展非常有必要。通过对我国水文水资源信息化发展历程进行研究可以看出我国目前水文水资源管理系统的建立主要依靠数学模型、仿真模拟与计算机网络共同完成,水文水资源信息化系统具有数据自动化采集、传输、存储、处理以及仿真模拟等先进的功能,大大减轻了人工工作量,水文信息能更加准确及时。未来要对水文水资源信息化系统的计算机网络系统、水质与旱情监测自动化功能和洪水的预报决策支持技术功能等关键构成进行研究,让水文预报越来越准确,在抗洪救灾和保护人民群众安全财产方面发挥重大作用。 相似文献
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基于分布式水文模型的长江上游水资源时空变异性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文首先分析了长江流域内154个气象站降水量和26个干支流水文站流量在1950～2000年期间的变化趋势。为定量分析长江上游地区降水量时空变化对水资源量的影响,构建了基于物理机理的分布式水文模型,模拟再现了天然河道条件下的水文过程。有别于传统的河道径流性水资源评价方法,本文尝试用径流深的空间变化来探讨水资源分布及演变态势。并以渠江罗渡溪水文站为个案,剖析了90年代秋季流量大幅减少的主要缘由。结果表明:受降水在时空分布上存在变异的影响,长江上游局部地区夏季径流深比率呈增加趋势,而秋季则相反;导致嘉陵江渠江水系秋季流量减少的主要原因是降雨,其次才是人为因素。 相似文献
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定量评价三峡蓄水后长江中游流域水文情势的时空变化,为长江中游生态保护和区域水资源管理提供科学依据。采用变化范围法分析了长江干流5个水文站的流量、含沙量日均数据,定量评估了三峡工程蓄水后,长江中游水沙变化度最大的江段和水文指标类别,及其对应的生态影响。研究结果表明三峡蓄水后,下游河道含沙量的变化度远大于流量,除城陵矶站外,含沙量较蓄水前有了大幅度下降,宜昌站的含沙量下降幅度达到了一个数量级,洞庭湖对长江干流含沙量有明显的调蓄作用。流量的变化度随着与大坝距离的增加而减小,且在7~11月流量下降幅度明显。这些水文节律的变化将影响下游鱼类产卵栖息地以及滞洪区水生生物与周边植被的生长。 相似文献
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Groundwater status and associated issues in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin: International collaborations to achieve sustainable groundwater resources 
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下载免费PDF全文 Eunhee Lee Kyoochul Ha Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc Adichat Surinkum Ramasamy Jayakumar Yongje Kim Kamaludin Bin Hassan 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(1):1-13
Groundwater is an important and readily available source of fresh water in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin. With a rapid population growth and increasing human activities, an increasing number of countries in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin are experiencing depleted and degraded groundwater supplies. In transboundary river basins, such as the Mekong-Lancang River, prioritizing the use of the shared aquifer by one riparian government may affect the opportunities of other riparian governments and lead to potential water conflicts between neighboring countries. To promote the sharing of strategies and information for the sustainable and equitable use of water resources of the shared basin, international collaborative workshops on groundwater resources have been organized for all Mekong-Lancang River countries. These workshops provide an opportunity to communicate and discuss nationally sensitive issues on groundwater by the associated countries, with topics covering multiple aspects of groundwater, such as the groundwater status in the basin, quality issues, water use conflicts, hydrological information gaps, management policies and capacity building for successful water resource management. Consensus has been reached by all countries on the importance of catchment-based groundwater management and the need for close communication among the countries. Strategies for managing transboundary aquifer issues must foster international collaboration based on the regional network, influence national networks and enhance the capacity to building maps and monitoring systems based on associated databases. The sustainability of water resources cannot be achieved without the integrated involvement and contributions by multiple countries and various stakeholders. Therefore, collaborative workshops provide a great opportunity to further our understanding of the hydrologic processes of the Mekong River Basin, share the benefits of the aquifer and provide a strategy and vision for sustainable water resource management in the Mekong-Lancang River countries. 相似文献
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Water resource is the focus and hinge between ecological environment and socio-economic development. Watershed is the basic unit of hydrology and water resource studies. It is the current hotspot in water science research to carry out the integrated research of the hydrology and water resource at the watershed scale. The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in northwestern China, which becomes one of the hot watersheds for its unique hydrological and geographical characteristics. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, the scientific advances achieved in the Heihe River Basin were estimated from the new sight by combining disciplinary development and problem focus, time evolution and spatial variations. The results indicated that the Heihe River Basin has made positive contribution to the world science in remote sensing, evapotranspiration, water cycle, water resources management and utilization, and climate change research in arid areas. The great achievements has promoted the Heihe River Basin up to the same levels as the international typical basins in the past 30 years, especially after the performances of the major research program entitled “Integrated Study of Eco-hydrological Processes in the Heihe River Basin” (referred to as “Heihe River Program”) supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and large field observation experiments. The number of published articles has ranked the top 20 in the global watershed science research. Some important scientific achievements have been obtained at the mechanisms of eco-hydrological processes in inland river basins, which can actively serve the decision making of the water resource management and sustainable development in the Heihe River Basin. The data mining and contrastive study based on bibliometrics can afford scientific reference for the watershed science research. 相似文献
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Muhammad Abrar Faiz Dong Liu Muhammad Imran Khan Tianxiao Li Song Cui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(21):729
This study was carried out to analyze the hydrological characteristics and assess the distinguished hydrological periods of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) Rivers of Pakistan. For this purpose, statistical analysis (variation coefficient, the auto-correlation coefficient, sequential Mann–Kendall’s test) and a proposed method for distinguishing hydrological periods (described in methodology section) were applied. The results revealed that all rivers reflect moderate variability. The results of auto-correlation displayed that the river flow observed at Astore gauging station only indicated independency, while for Gilgit, Hunza and Kachura guaging at Indus River exhibited 2, 2, 4-year lag. The mutation analysis indicated that after 1980, the change point occurred at all UIB rivers. During analysis, it was also observed that river regimes have the same hydrological periods (i.e., 4), but with different dates of occurrence. The Gilgit River showed a low high-flow hydrological period compared to Astore, Hunza and Kachora (Indus). This difference may be due to the river’s own area natural conditions. The current analysis may be helpful for planning and management of water resources, designing of hydraulic structures and to make better policies in response to agricultural water requirement downstream of UIB River. 相似文献
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笔者首先从地学角度阐明长江流域的特大洪水泛滥在人类出现之前即已有之。所以,单靠维原有自然状态尚不跳以防止咱中及长江中下游洪灾;在上游设置具有足够调洪能力的水利工程也是必要的和紧迫的措施。根据四川盆地及其周转的水资源状况、工程地质条件和对环境工程地质问题的预测,笔者认为,在盆地北部边缘山区的嘉陵江（主要是涪江和渠江）上游修建拦蓄工程,不但可消除川中旱洪灾害,同时将大大地减轻长江中下游的洪灾威胁。为此 相似文献