共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 27 毫秒
1.
Underground coal fires in China cause serious environmental problems, in addition to the loss of valuable coal resources. The present study aims at developing a quick and practical method to estimate the depth of coal fires using data integration techniques.
In coal fields which have underground coal fires, the subsurface fires are associated with surface thermal anomalies. Airborne thermal infrared scanner data and colour infrared photographs were used in this study to depict the coal fire front and the outcrop of coal seams, respectively. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was produced from topographic maps at 1:25 000 scale. Finally, taking into account the spreading direction of the coal fires and the relationships between thermal anomalies, relief factors and the occurrence of coal seams, the depths of the coal fires were obtained automatically by means of integration of remote sensing data and GIS techniques. This helped to target the fire fighting operations and made them more cost effective. 相似文献
In coal fields which have underground coal fires, the subsurface fires are associated with surface thermal anomalies. Airborne thermal infrared scanner data and colour infrared photographs were used in this study to depict the coal fire front and the outcrop of coal seams, respectively. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was produced from topographic maps at 1:25 000 scale. Finally, taking into account the spreading direction of the coal fires and the relationships between thermal anomalies, relief factors and the occurrence of coal seams, the depths of the coal fires were obtained automatically by means of integration of remote sensing data and GIS techniques. This helped to target the fire fighting operations and made them more cost effective. 相似文献
2.
3.
Continuous air leakage from ground mining-induced cracks is a significant cause of coal spontaneous combustion, low oxygen at the working face and other disasters in shallow coal seams. This paper studies mining-induced cracks and air leakage caused by the repeated mining of shallow coal seams at the Bulianta coal mine, Shendong Coalfield, China. A similar simulation experiment was carried out in the laboratory, and then the ground mining-induced cracks were observed and the crack air leakage was detected. The results showed that the surface air flowed into the composite goaf before the fractures redeveloped to the surface during the process of lower coal seam mining. Due to the different development processes of vertical fractures in various regions, the width of the vertical fractures in the boundary area of the overlying goaf increases significantly after the repeated mining of coal seams, while the vertical fractures in the central area of the overlying goaf experience almost no change. The distribution of the surface air leakage cracks is in the shape of “回”. Graben-type cracks and half-graben-type cracks are surface air leakage cracks, which are the focus of surface air leakage problems, especially the half-graben-type cracks. The results are important in engineering for reducing air leakage from surface mining-induced cracks. 相似文献
4.
5.
瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害防治中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
煤层附近的富水区(带)严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全，探明地下煤层附近富水区的赋存和断层、裂隙的发育情况，可以有效地指导煤矿水害的防治工作。对于含水地层及富水区，瞬变电磁法在多测道剖面上具有典型响应特征，据此可以查明地下水分布情况。在山东某煤田和河南某矿，应用瞬变电磁勘探，准确地查明了煤层顶底板富水区。． 相似文献
6.
我国西部神府东胜煤田主要赋存浅埋近距煤层,煤层埋藏浅,覆岩上部厚松散层大范围分布,近距煤层开采导致覆岩与地表裂缝发育严重,加剧了原本脆弱的生态环境进一步恶化。为探究浅埋近距煤层开采覆岩与地表采动裂缝发育规律,掌握其控制方法,以柠条塔煤矿1-2煤层和2-2煤层开采为背景,结合实测统计分析、物理模拟和分形理论,掌握浅埋顶部单一煤层开采和重复采动下覆岩与地表裂缝发育特征,揭示煤柱布置对裂缝发育的控制作用。研究表明,煤层开采导致的地表裂缝可分为平行于工作面的动态裂缝和工作面开采边界地表裂缝(切眼边界侧地表裂缝和区段煤柱侧地表裂缝),动态裂缝在开采后能够实现自修复,工作面开采边界的地表裂缝不能自修复。下煤层开采区段煤柱侧覆岩与地表采动裂缝发育严重,其与区段煤柱错距密切相关。1-2煤层开采后,基岩垮落角为60°,土层垮落角为65°,边界煤柱侧地表裂缝的宽度为0.26 m。下部2-2煤层开采,煤柱叠置、错距20、40 m时,区段煤柱侧覆岩采动裂缝宽度分别为0.81、0.45和0.22 m,地表裂缝宽度分别为0.65、0.30和0.12 m。通过确定合理煤柱布置方式,能够有效控制覆岩和地表采动裂缝的发育程度,据此确定柠条塔煤矿1-2煤层和2-2煤层开采的合理煤柱错距应大于40 m。 相似文献
7.
Gas outburst disasters and the mining technology of key protective seam in coal seam group in the Huainan coalfield 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Coal and gas outburst disasters in coal seams are becoming more serious as coal mines extend deeper underground in China. To aid gas control in high-gas outburst coal seam group, this study performed research based on the geological conditions of the Xinzhuangzi coal mine in the Huainan coalfield. The laws of gas occurrence, the strength of the coal outburst, and the regional partition were studied. Simultaneously, we introduced the key protective seam mining technology and confirmed the mining sequence of coal seam groups. The results indicate that (1) each seam absorbs gas well, and the currently measured gas content is up to 15.0 m3/t. (2) Although some differences about coal seams outburst intensity remain, the differences in the same group are very small. (3) The coal seam B10 was chosen as the key protective seam and was mined first; then adjacent seams were mined from bottom to top by layer within the roof of B10 and from top-to-bottom within the floor of B10 to guarantee each adjacent coal seam received the good effects of pressure-relief and increasing permeability. (4) The main methods of gas extraction in each protected seam are surface boreholes and net-like penetrating boreholes in the floor roadway, and related technical parameters were determined according to the degree of pressure-relief in coal seam. This in situ experiment indicates a method aiding the gas control problem and guaranteeing safe and highly efficient exploitation of high-gas outburst seams. 相似文献
8.
以榆神矿区区域地质资料为依据,总结了该区煤层与含(隔)水层空间组合类型; 采用三维数值模拟方法,根据塑性条件、破坏准则及应力判别,模拟首采煤层与含(隔)水层空间组合类型下导水裂隙带高度; 通过对比钻孔探测法与数值模拟法,发现数值模拟法具有可行性; 利用模拟结果,绘制矿区导水裂隙带高度空间分布图,总结矿区导水裂隙带高度的整体分布规律; 对比导水裂隙带高度与其首采煤层上覆岩层厚度,总结矿区采煤失水危险性,并进行采煤失水危险性分区; 通过控制采煤失水危险区域的采厚可以达到“保水采煤”的效果。本研究对榆神矿区后期安全生产具有重要的理论意义与实际价值。 相似文献
9.
内蒙古自治区桌子山煤田赋存着较为稀缺的煤种一焦煤,煤田内存在的火区不仪烧掉了宝贵的焦性煤炭资源,给煤矿生产带来严重的事故隐患,对当地生态环境也造成极大的破坏。经查明区内有26处子火区,分布面积约760万m^2,通过煤田地质特征、煤质特征、地表指示特征、同位素氡气的浓度相对分布特征、物性特征分析了区内煤层发火原因,根据桌子山煤田火区特点,建议采用浅剥、深灌与覆盖相结合的灭火方法,并对火区进行动态监测。 相似文献
10.
煤层中含有各类轻烃,当煤层燃烧后,上覆地层完整性被破坏,给煤层内的烃类散逸提供了良好的通道,这一过程符合轻烃微渗漏原理。因此,引入轻烃微渗漏的微生物烃检测技术对煤层火烧区及其范围进行识别。在陕北侏罗纪煤田郝家梁煤矿进行了2条测线的试验,选择丁烷氧化菌作为检测指标,通过土壤样品采集、微生物培养、菌落计数等微生物检测工作后,结合地质钻孔对微生物值进行标定和异常值分组,并对煤层火烧区轻烃微渗漏的微生物响应特征进行研究。结果表明,在完全火烧区微生物以背景值分布为主,在火烧过渡区微生物以连续高值异常为主,在正常煤层区微生物以中低值为主,从而建立了研究区煤层火烧区微生物响应模型。微生物烃检测技术所解释的煤层火烧区地质成果与磁法解释的火烧边界吻合,且有钻孔验证。微生物烃检测技术的野外实施简单环保,大部分工作在室内完成,更适用于类似陕北生态脆弱区的煤层火烧区探测,有显著的实际意义和经济价值。 相似文献
11.
冀北榆树沟煤矿区褐煤地下气化地质条件分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对冀北沽源县榆树沟煤矿白芈系青石砬组含煤地层地质条件进行分析,认为仵该矿区进行煤炭地下气化是可行的。研究区构造简单,为一轴向近东西向的舒缓向斜,主要煤层厚度大,最大平均厚度为24.31m。可采煤层顶板多为泥岩、炭质泥岩,尤其是煤系上覆的“三趾马红土”层,对气体有良好的圈闭作用。由于褐煤的灰分含量高,26％～49．03％,地下气化时对煤层顶板影响小,主要煤层埋藏浅200—300m,水文地质条件简单,根据诸多因素分析认为该矿区适合进行褐煤地下气化开采。 相似文献
12.
针对黄土塬区延安组煤层地震响应复杂问题进行地震物理模拟研究。首先,研发适用于黄土塬地表干黄土层和煤层的模型材料,经过多次试验,最终选用在硅橡胶中添加硅气凝胶粉末的混合材料模拟疏松黄土塬地表层,选用在硅橡胶中添加超细碳粉的混合材料模拟低速低密度煤层;通过模具控制层位、逐层浇筑、三维雕刻起伏地层等方法,制作黄土塬区典型地质结构的三维地震物理模型,并开展地震物理模拟及地震成像分析。结果表明,延安组煤层与围岩较大的波阻抗差异形成较强的反射振幅,对下部地层的成像有较强的屏蔽作用;较厚的多组煤层之间会形成层间多次波,影响下伏地层的成像。用地震振幅属性对煤层进行刻画时,计算时窗大于40 ms更有利于煤层识别,但由于煤层存在调谐效应,用地震属性预测煤层厚度存在一定陷阱。 相似文献
13.
S K Pal Jitendra Vaish Sahadev Kumar Piyush Priyam Abhay Kumar Bharti Rajwardhan Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(4):53
The present study deals with the characterization of subsurface coal fires of East Basuria colliery in Jharia coal field, India using tilt derivative and downward continuation of magnetic data. Magnetic data processing methods such as diurnal correction, noise removal, reduction to pole, tilt derivative and downward continuation have been used to process the data and for the interpretation of results on the basis of magnetic properties of overlying materials which change with the temperature variation above or below the Curie temperature. Most of the magnetic anomalies are associated with coal fire and non-coal fire regions which are correlated with tilt-derivative anomaly and corresponding downward-continued anomaly at different depths. The subsequent surface and subsurface characteristics are explained with good agreement. Approximate source depth of principal anomaly inferred from tilt derivatives method are corroborated with multi-seam occurrences, mine working levels and surface manifestation which are also correlated well with 3D model of downward continued anomaly distribution. 相似文献
14.
煤层孔隙与裂隙发育特征是非常规油气沉积学的重要研究内容,其研究对深入认识煤层流体赋存与传质过程微观机理、优化地质适配性开发工艺具有重要意义。煤层孔隙、裂隙成因类型复杂、尺度分布范围广、非均质性强,其发育特征是煤化作用、变质作用类型、构造演化作用、煤岩物质组成、地下流体等多因素共同作用的结果。煤化作用是其内因,构造应力作用是其主要外因,内外因作用下形成了不同煤阶、不同含煤盆地、不同构造部位煤层孔隙、裂隙发育的现今特征,而成煤物质、沉积环境、盆地埋藏史、热史等具有重要的控制作用。煤层孔隙、裂隙的研究与煤层气高效开发紧密关联,未来研究中将煤层孔隙—裂隙作为具有整体性的解吸—扩散—渗流网络加以认识更具意义,而煤层孔隙—裂隙连通网络控制的渗透率来源和有效性、纳米尺度孔隙—裂隙发育特征与结构关系、孔隙—裂隙与煤层流体之间的界面性质、多尺度孔隙—裂隙结构表征等需要进一步探讨。数字岩石物理表征技术的发展和应用为该领域的研究提供了新方法和新思路。 相似文献
15.
基于井下放水试验的矿井疏降量预测评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
井下放水试验作为特殊的水文地质试验,克服了地面抽水试验存在的不利条件,有着十分重要的实践和理论意义。为了探查双柳煤矿太原组灰岩含水层的水文地质条件,通过两次井下放水试验取得的相关水文地质参数,控制了太灰含水层的动态流场。基于井下放水试验取得的水文地质条件信息,利用Visual MODFLOW三维数值模拟软件,建立放水试验期间反映模拟区太灰地下水分布、储存及其时空变化规律的参数模型;根据拟定的预测方案,对太灰含水层的疏降涌水量进行预测。通过本次工作,对双柳井田下一阶段进行疏干降压,减少太灰含水层对上组煤（4#煤层）开采的威胁,同时为下组煤（8＋9#煤）开采提供疏降方式和水文地质依据。 相似文献
16.
深部煤层CO2地质封存与CH4强化开采(CO2–ECBM)技术在提高煤层气采收率的同时可实现碳减排,具有能源和环境双重效益。超临界CO2(ScCO2)、水和煤层顶板之间的地球化学反应可改变其物理力学性质,增加CO2泄漏的风险。以沁水盆地胡底煤矿3号煤层顶板岩石为研究对象,开展“ScCO2–水–岩”地球化学反应模拟实验,探讨CO2煤层封存条件下ScCO2–水–顶板岩样地球化学反应过程及其对岩石纵波速度和力学性质的影响。结果表明:ScCO2–水–岩之间化学溶蚀反应造成岩样Ca、Mg元素显著降低,促使岩样表面形成孤立状溶蚀孔,并随着反应时间的持续,进而形成大量的“溶蚀坑”和“溶蚀缝”;增加了岩样结构不连续性,使得声波传播路径增大、能量损失加剧,导致纵波波速降低;ScCO2–水–岩反应后岩样的峰值强度和弹性模量降低,泊松比升高,且三者之间的变化率与反应时间之间呈现Logistic函数的变化关系。对于胡底煤矿而言,ScCO2–水–岩反应过程中顶板力学性质的弱化不足以造成盖层的破裂和CO2泄漏,但在评价煤层CO2封存安全性时,还应考虑煤层吸附膨胀应力对顶板的影响。 相似文献
17.
CO2相变致裂是一种高效增渗、增抽和消突的新型煤矿瓦斯治理技术,应用效果显著。该技术的核心是高压动力载荷作用于煤层的强化造缝及其卸压增渗效应。然而,新生裂缝的形貌特征以及破坏成因机制研究薄弱。目前井下厘米—米级尺度裂缝的观察和描述,主要用于揭示煤层的造缝增透机理。更小尺度的微米级显微裂隙研究,可更系统和全面描述裂缝的形貌和发育规律,揭示CO2相变致裂作用下煤的破坏机理。应用自行研制的高压CO2冲击大型物模试验装置系统,对无烟煤试件进行了120 MPa高压CO2冲击,基于场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)的观察,研究了微米级裂隙特征、发育规律及其形成机理。结果表明：(1)致裂后煤样的割理系统充分沟通,形成多尺度的复杂微裂隙网络。(2)煤基质破碎并发育大量微米尺度的新生显微构造,发现了3种典型显微构造是“损伤坑”“三翼型”裂隙和“页理状构造”。(3) CO2的超临界相、气相、或者二者的混合相态冲击破碎近喷孔端煤样,冲击波可能是试件远端破坏造缝的主要力学机制。(4)显微构造的形成和损伤演化... 相似文献
18.
19.
在淮北杨柳矿区,层状或脉状侵入的岩浆岩导致主采煤层呈现较人范嘲的吞蚀、烧变、焦化、变溥现象,Ⅲ常规地震时间剖面及顺层层拉平切片上难于确定其分布范同。为了精细确定主采煤层巾岩浆侵入的影响范田．基于煤层反射波振幅、波形、能量的同一性及差异性特征,利用优化后的地震多属性尤监督神经网络聚类分析技术对其进行分析。解释结果表明,3煤层未受到岩浆侵入,而10煤层岩浆侵入比较明显,其在成果图上呈现出犬范围的黄色团块状及脉状特征。与实际钻孔揭露资料对比,利用地震多属性聚类分析技术圈定的岩浆岩分布范嗣符合率达78％,具有较高准确度。 相似文献
20.
晋西北某矿井位于吕梁山黄土塬区,为年产500万t的特大型在建矿井,为查明首采区煤层赋存条件、地质构造情况、以及奥灰与主要含水层的富水性,对该区进行了三维地震及电法综合勘探。其中三维地震勘探查明了勘探区内4#、9#煤层的埋藏深度和起伏形态,解释断层18条,陷落柱4个,褶曲1条,煤层倾角大于15°的区段1处;运用瞬变电磁法结合直流电测深法查明K6、K5砂岩富水异常29处、4#、7#、9#煤顶板岩层富水异常51处,奥灰顶界面-100m富水异常18处。三维地震及电法的综合勘探,不仅解释了该区主要煤层的厚度变化趋势及基岩面和奥灰顶界面深度变化情况,还对落差大于5m断层、直径大于25m陷落柱、煤层、奥灰水以及主要含水层的富水情况、导通关系及相互间的水力联系进行了分析,其结论为解决矿井建设和开采中的地质难题,提供了可靠的地质信息。 相似文献