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1.
多种再分析资料中热带气旋潜在生成指数分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
根据7套再分析资料计算的热带气旋潜在生成指数(GPI),分析了GPI对西北太平洋区域台风盛季(7—9月)热带气旋生成的表征能力。结果表明,虽然这些再分析资料计算得到的GPI的空间分布与观测的热带气旋生成特征都比较一致。但是,在时间变化上7套再分析资料计算的GPI对观测热带气旋生成的表征能力差异较大,其中ERA-40(欧州中期天气预报中心再分析资料)和MERRA(美国国家航空和航天局研究和应用再分析资料)的GPI与观测的相关系数较高。进一步分析表明,各套资料GPI之间时间变化的差异主要来自相对湿度,而ERA-40和MERRA的GPI与观测值有较高的相关系数,也与相对湿度有密切关系。 相似文献
2.
赤道东太平洋海温与南海热带风暴频数的相关关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1949—1987年的赤道东太平洋海温和热带气旋资料,分别分析了在南海形成的热带风暴频数和影响南海的热带风暴频数(包括南海形成和由西太平洋移入南海)与赤道东太平洋海温的时滞相关关系,统计了海温暖期(El Nino)和冷期(反El Nino)与以上两类热带风暴频数的联系。初步结果表明,赤道东太平洋海温与影响南海的热带风暴频数之间,同期为负相关(-0.30)风暴晚于海温17个月时出现正相关极大值(+0.29);赤道东太平洋海温与南海形成的热带风暴频数之间的相关有所不同,最大相关(+0.38)出现在热带风暴 相似文献
3.
In 1998, the annual frequency of typhoon (including tropical storms) genesis created a minimum value — 14, far lower than the minimum of 20 in 1950 over North-West Pacific, while in the Atlantic Ocean, the annual frequency of hurricanes (including the … 相似文献
4.
Tropical storms: representation and diagnosis in climate models and the impacts of climate change 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R. E. McDonald D. G. Bleaken D. R. Cresswell V. D. Pope C. A. Senior 《Climate Dynamics》2005,25(1):19-36
Tropical storms are located and tracked in an experiment in which a high-resolution atmosphere only model is forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice. The structure, geographic distribution and seasonal variability of the model tropical storms show some similarities with observations. The simulation of tropical storms is better in this high-resolution experiment than in a parallel standard resolution experiment. In an anomaly experiment, sea ice, SSTs and greenhouse-gas forcing are changed to mimic the changes that occur in a coupled model as greenhouse-gases are increased. There are more tropical storms in this experiment than in the control experiment in the Northeast Pacific and Indian Ocean basins and fewer in the North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific and Southwest Pacific region. The changes in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific can be linked to El Niño-like behaviour. A comparison of the tracking results with two empirically derived tropical storm genesis parameters is carried out. The tracking technique and a convective genesis parameter give similar results, both in the global distribution and in the changes in the individual basins. The convective genesis parameter is also applied to parallel coupled model experiments that have a lower horizontal resolution. The changes in the global distribution of tropical storms in the coupled model experiments are consistent with the changes seen at higher resolution. This indicates that the convective genesis parameter may still provide useful information about tropical storm changes in experiments carried out with models that cannot resolve tropical storms. 相似文献
5.
利用天气图，台风年鉴和卫星云图资料，分析了１９９５年西北太平洋和南海热带风暴的天气气候特征，并探讨了该年热带风暴偏少，台风少，强度弱和风暴疑难路径多的原因，所得结果有利于业务预报和科研工作。 相似文献
6.
Based on an analysis of the relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis frequency and large-scale circulation anomaly in NCEP reanalysis, large-scale atmosphere circulation information forecast by the JAMSTEC SINTEX-F coupled model is used to build a statistical model to predict the cyclogenesis frequency over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific. The SINTEX-F coupled model has relatively good prediction skill for some circulation features associated with the cyclogenesis frequency including sea level pressure, wind vertical shear, Intertropical Convergence Zone and cross-equatorial air flows. Predictors derived from these large-scale circulations have good relationships with the cyclogenesis frequency over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific. A multivariate linear regression （MLR） model is further designed using these predictors. This model shows good prediction skill with the anomaly correlation coefficient reaching, based on the cross validation, 0.71 between the observed and predicted cyclogenesis frequency. However, it also shows relatively large prediction errors in extreme tropical cyclone years （1994 and 1998, for example）. 相似文献
7.
2020年7月西北太平洋和南海出现了史无前例的“空台”事件。利用NCEP再分析数据集、中国气象局(CMA)台风最佳路径等资料研究了此次“空台”现象的大尺度环流背景及动力和热力学特征。使用台风潜在生成指数(DGPI)分析发现2020年7月大尺度环流背景不利于台风生成,环流系统的异常通过影响对流层垂直风切变和垂直运动限制了台风的活动。2020年7月马斯克林高压较常年明显偏西偏弱,导致索马里急流强度减弱,越赤道气流不活跃,菲律宾以东洋面和南海海域盛行一致的偏东气流,历史同期活跃在该区域的季风槽无法建立,从而不利于热带扰动的生成。北半球极涡主体偏向西半球一侧,影响东半球冷空气势力较弱,副热带高压位置偏西;南亚高压较历史同期偏强且偏东,其东侧强盛的偏东气流将洋中槽截断,在西北太平洋区域出现反气旋性环流,该区域下沉气流增强,导致副热带高压强度增强,对流层中层强烈的下沉气流抑制了台风的生成和发展。此外,受中高层环流系统异常的影响,7月菲律宾吕宋岛以东洋面和南海地区环境垂直风切变较常年偏高2~4 m/s,南海部分海域偏高达4~8 m/s,同时该区域内异常偏强的下沉气流导致对流层低层相对湿度偏低,大气层结处于较为稳定的状态,动力和热力条件均不利于热带扰动的进一步发展。 相似文献
8.
M. I. Vitorino P. L. da Silva Dias N. J. Ferreira 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,93(1-2):17-35
Summary Atmospheric variability in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and tropospheric relative vorticity (VOR) over the South American
region was studied from 1979 to 1996 using the complex Morlet wavelet function. The analyses focus on spatial variation in
intraseasonal and submonthly scales. Scalograms were used to measure submonthly intraseasonal oscillations in convection,
which were found to be predominant in the tropical regions. However, 7-day and 15-day oscillations were observed at tropical
and extratropical latitudes in spring and winter, indicating that transient disturbances play a more prominent role. Regarding
VOR, tropical energy intensities were highest in the spring and summer, whereas subtropical and extratropical energy intensities
were highest in the autumn and winter. The dynamics of the 25-day and 45-day VOR oscillations indicates a possible correlation
with Rossby waves over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, mainly during the summer. During winter, the 7-day and 15-day VOR
oscillations are more frequent at higher latitudes and are enhanced along storm tracks. It was also observed that convection
amplitudes in the regions of maximum intensity change appreciably from year to year and from season to season, showing that
the behavior of the submonthly and intraseasonal oscillations is nonperiodic and correlates strongly with El Ni?o/Southern
Oscillation years. These results confirm the efficiency of wavelet analysis for time-scale studies of atmospheric variability. 相似文献
9.
登陆中国热带气旋入海强度变化的统计特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用1949—2006年热带气旋资料分析登陆中国又入海的热带气旋(LSTC)的强度变化,重点给出明显加强的LSTC(RLSTC)发生频率、时空分布、路径及强度演变特征。主要结论:(1)LSTC入海有24%加强,主要在我国海域,也有少部分进入朝鲜海峡、日本海和鄂霍次克海加强;登陆大陆入海加强的比率明显高于登陆台湾或登陆海南的比率。(2)RLSTC年平均有0.7个,逐年代减少,8月最多。(3)中心最低气压和最大风速加强最强的月份分别在8月和10月、加强最强的海域分别在南海和东黄海。(4)登陆时强度为强热带风暴的最多;其路径除了移向稳定者外,在南海和北部湾还有迂回盘转式。(5)明显加强主要发生在入海时刻,很少持续明显加强。进入东黄海的RLSTC以最大风速先于中心气压变化或仅有风速加强的情况居多,进入南海、北部湾入海后的风速、气压基本同步加强,迂回路径可在入海后72～132小时还会加强。 相似文献
10.
利用ERA-Interim再分析数据提供侧边界条件,驱动Hadley气候预测与研究中心研发的PRECIS区域气候模拟系统,检验PRECIS对1996-2005年西北太平洋热带气旋活动的模拟能力.经与实况资料的对比结果表明:PRECIS能够有效模拟影响热带气旋活动的热力与动力环境场以及西北太平洋热带气旋生成与路径的分布特征;模拟的热带气旋逐年生成频数与实况相比,相关性显著,生成频数空间分布的高值区与实况对应一致;模拟的路径频数分布与实况相比总体一致.但模拟的中国南海海域生成的热带气旋与实况相比偏多,路径频数集中在南海东北部;模拟热带气旋的北移路径偏少,强度偏弱. 相似文献
11.
夏季西北太平洋和南中国海台风生成与前期冬春主要环境条件的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料、OLR资料和中国气象局编辑的<台风年鉴>及<热带气旋年鉴>资料,对西北太平洋和南中国海夏季中心附近的平均风力达8级(17 m/s)或以上的热带气旋(含热带风暴、强热带风暴和台风,以下统称台风)牛成频数与气候背景的关系进行了研究分析.对台风牛成多寡的气候背景差异和特征进行比较表明,前期冬春季海温和赤道辆合带的异常与夏季台风生成有密切的关系.前期冬春季在类似于La Nina型海温距平分布背景下,从冬至夏在赤道中太平洋160°E附近的ITCZ有一个向西北方向加强北抬的过程,太平洋ITCZ的活动偏北偏强,赤道太平洋有异常活跃的ITCZ向西太平洋台风主要源地推进,有利于后期夏季台风的生成;相反,前期冬春季在类似于E1 Nino型海温距平分布背景下,赤道西太平洋ITCZ偏弱偏南,不利于后期夏季的台风生成.在夏季多台风年,前期冬季西太平洋暖海温异常为后期台风的发展提供了重要的有利背景,在暖海温的持续作用下,对流层的风场辐合异常增强,增加了暖海温区的水汽供应.到了前期春季,热带辐合带的扰动扮演了更为重要的角色.随着赤道辐合带的北移,附加的异常辐合位于暖海温区时,会激发出低空大尺度水汽辐合与自由大气中潜热释放之间的正反馈,有利于后期台风的生成.当前期冬季至春季西北太平洋海温持续异常偏冷时,对流层的风场为辐散异常,减少了冷海温区的水汽供应,导致赤道辐合带不活跃,缺乏必要扰动,夏季台风生成偏少. 相似文献
12.
Summary An intriguing picture is emerging of coupled track and intensity links in tropical cyclones. Since recurvature represents a dramatic track shift, recurving tropical storms are isolated in this study and their time of maximum lifetime intensity is compared to their time of recurvature. Thirty-one percent of all western North Pacific tropical storms and 28% of all such storms in North Atlantic recurve. Seventeen years of track and intensity data for recurving tropical cyclones in these basins are examined here.The overwhelming majority (80%) of western North Pacific tropical storms (including typhoons) reach their lifetime maximum intensity prior to recurvature. More than 45% of all recurving storms have coincident recurvature and lifetime maximum intensity, with weaker tropical storms clearly more likely to reach peak intensity at recurvature than strong systems.Inspection of tropical storm intensity and track data for North Atlantic systems reveals few clear patterns. The most robust observation to be made here is that the majority of these systems reach their peak intensity prior to recurvature. Exclusion of landfalling extratropically transforming tropical cyclones from this sample greatly reduces the number of systems, making the significance of any results questionable.With 2 Figures 相似文献
13.
应用1979—2005年的台风资料和NCEP/DOE AMIP-Ⅱ再分析资料,分析了生成于南海—西北太平洋季风槽中的热带气旋（MTTC）活动特征及季风槽强弱对MTTC异常的影响。结果表明：①1979—2005年5—10月南海和西北太平洋生成的热带气旋（TC）共有672个,年平均24.9个,其中MTTC为491个,占73.1%,占登陆中国TC频数的79.2%。②27年间MTTC年频数经历了正常期（1979—1987年）—多台期（1988—1994年）—少台期（1995—2005年）3个阶段;具有准4年和准2年的变化周期,1994年为MTTC频数由多台向少台转换的转折点。③MTTC频数异常年份,MTTC生成起止日期和生成位置有明显差异：MTTC异常偏少（多）年,MTTC活动起始日期较晚（早）,且5—10月皆不活跃（活跃）,MTTC生成海区范围较小（大）。④南海—西北太平洋季风槽强度和位置异常与MTTC活动异常密切相关。 相似文献
14.
华南秋旱的大气环流异常特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用实测降水量资料及NCEP再分析资料, 通过统计方法分析了华南秋旱及其相关的环流异常特征。结果发现, 华南秋旱以全区性的干旱出现居多。华南秋旱事件对应的同期海温异常分布型大致可分两类。一类是热带中东太平洋的负海表温度距平 (SSTA) 区的极值中心位于赤道东太平洋, 在海洋性大陆和热带西太平洋有马蹄形的正SSTA, 而在热带西印度洋, 南海至日本东、 南部西北太平洋是负SSTA; 另一类是热带中东太平洋正SSTA极值中心位于赤道中太平洋, 热带—副热带西太平洋、 南海和热带印度洋为负SSTA区, 副热带北太平洋东部和南太平洋东部为显著的正SSTA。 与第一类SSTA相关的华南秋旱与海洋性大陆区域上空的上升运动异常增强 (与其下垫面海温异常偏暖有关)。而与第二类SSTA相关的华南秋旱则与中纬度环流的长波调整造成的东北亚上空的异常上升运动距平有关。而两类华南秋旱都是通过大气环流对华南地区的异常下沉运动产生强迫作用而产生的。另外, 华南秋旱还与菲律宾和台湾东侧洋面上空出现上升运动距平有关。两类华南秋旱都与南海中北部热带气旋频数偏少, 菲律宾和台湾东侧热带气旋频数偏多有关, 因此, 使得登陆华南的热带气旋偏少, 导致华南秋季干旱。 相似文献
15.
影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区及机制初探 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
利用1958—2011年NCEP/ NCAR再分析资料和ERSST资料,采用Lanczos时间滤波器、相关分析、回归分析、合成分析和交叉检验等方法,研究了影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区海温异常的来源与可能机制。结果表明,前冬(12—2月)热带西南印度洋和热带西北太平洋是影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区。冬季热带西南印度洋(热带西北太平洋)的异常增暖是由前一年夏季El Ni?o早爆发(强印度季风异常驱动的行星尺度东-西向环流)触发、热带印度洋(西北太平洋)局地海气正反馈过程引起并维持到春季。冬季热带西北太平洋反气旋性环流(气旋性环流)及印度洋(热带西北太平洋)的暖海区局地海气相互作用使得印度洋(热带西北太平洋)海温异常维持到春末。春季,逐渐加强北移到10 °N附近的低层大气对北印度洋(热带西北太平洋)暖海温异常响应的东风急流(异常西风)及南海-热带西北太平洋维持的反气旋性环流(气旋性环流)异常,使得南海夏季风晚(早)爆发。 相似文献
16.
本文利用ERA5 1979-2019年逐月大气再分析资料计算南北印度洋热带气旋生成指数，并和IBTrACS观测数据进行比较，探讨用热带气旋生成指数研究南北印度洋热带气旋变化特征的适用性.研究发现热带气旋生成指数能较好地刻画南北印度洋热带气旋的空间分布特征、北印度洋热带气旋个数月变化的双峰结构，以及南印度洋比北印度洋热带气旋发生概率高等特征.最新的IBTrACS v4.0观测资料显示，40年来北印度洋热带气旋每年总生成个数平均每10年增加1.3个，频数的增加主要来源于热带低压和热带风暴，而南印度洋热带气旋每年总生成个数每10年减少2.8个.热带气旋生成指数能很好地描述北印度洋热带气旋生成个数的上升趋势，但对南印度洋热带气旋生成个数趋势的刻画与观测不一致，可能原因需要进一步深入研究. 相似文献
17.
活动于阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区的热带气旋称为气旋性风暴,约占全球热带气旋年均生成总数的10%,其中活跃于孟加拉湾的气旋性风暴是造成中国西南地区强降水的主要天气系统之一。本文简要回顾了过去几十年来国内外在孟加拉湾风暴生成源地、发生频数、移动路径和生命史等方面的活动特征以及结构特征、活动机理,及其对中国天气的影响等方面的研究成果,并在此基础上指出了孟湾风暴研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
18.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Tropical Cyclones at Different Intensity Scales over the Western North Pacific from 1945 to 2005 
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下载免费PDF全文 The tropical cyclone （TC） track data provided by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center （JTWC） of the U.S. Navy over the western North Pacific （including the South China Sea） from 1945 to 2005 are employed to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of TCs of different intensity scales. Most of the TCs occurred between 15° and 25°N, from the northern part of the South China Sea to the eastern part of the Bashi Channel until near 140°E. Most of the severe and super typhoons occurred over waters from the eastern part of the Bashi Channel to about 140°E. The TCs in a weakening or steady state take up a weak majority in the area west of 123°E and north of 20°N; those in an intensifying or steady state are mostly found in the area east of 123°E and south of 20°N. For severe tropical storms, typhoons, severe typhoons, and super typhoons, their average decaying rates are all greater than the respective average growing rates; for tropical storms, however, the average decaying rate is smaller than the average growing rate. Generally speaking, the stronger the TC, the faster the intensification （weakening） is. The percentage of weak TCs is higher in June to August while that of strong TCs is higher in September to November. There are annual, interannual, and interdecadal variations in the observed number （every 6 h） and frequency of TCs at different intensity scales. As far as the long-term trend is concerned, the frequency and observed number of tropical storms have a significant linear increase, but the averaged intensity and number of TCs of other intensity categories do not exhibit such a significant linear trend. In E1 Nifio years, the number and percentage of super typhoons are significantly higher, while the total number of tropical storms, severe tropical storms, typhoons, and severe typhoons is significantly lower, and the mean intensity of TCs is prominently stronger; in La Nifia years, however, the opposite comes true. 相似文献
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E. Yu. Potalova M. S. Permyakov T. I. Kleshcheva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(11):735-740
The mesoscale structure of tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific in 2002–2007 at different stages of evolution (from the genesis to the maximum intensity) is studied using the QuikSCAT satellite data and JRA-25 reanalysis data. It is demonstrated that the genesis of the tropical cyclone was preceded by the formation of the stable disturbance that was observed in the vorticity field on the average 47 hours before the first report. The variability is noted of the mesoscale structure of the cyclone during the process of its formation and evolution: the increase in the intensity of mesovortices, the decrease in their number as a result of the merging, the narrowing of the area occupied by them, and localization of this area near the center at the stage of maximum development. It is shown that the relationship between the mean intensity of mesovortices at the initial disturbance and the tropical cyclone intensity is close to linear and has high correlation coefficients. 相似文献
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热带云团是台风生成的前兆,虽然一些研究将近20 a来台风不活跃与大尺度环境场相联系,但是还没有人分析台风不活跃期热带云团的活动特点。本文利用目前仅有的1989-2009年全球热带云团资料,分析了西北太平洋热带云团近20 a的变化特征。1998年以后西北太平洋台风生成减少主要发生在7-10月,集中在南海（13～23°N,110～120°E）和西北太平洋台风活动区域的东部（13～23°N,145～170°E）。热带云团除1月外各月都有增加的趋势,特别是与台风生成显著减少区域相联系的热带云团活动具有显著的增加趋势。通过对NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析发现,1998年后热带云团活动增加与环境风垂直切变增加有关,而增强的垂直切变不利于台风生成。 相似文献