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1.
Selection of a Landfill Site for Solid Waste Management: An Application of AHP and Spatial Analyst Tool 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Selection of a suitable landfill site for Solid Waste Management (SWM) forms an important component of urban planning. The problem of SWM has assumed significant proportion for the municipal authorities in the wake of rapid industrialization, urbanization and resultant pressure on existing resources. Many criteria such as distance from residential locations, transport connectivity, presence of water-bodies (drains, ponds, rivers etc.) and forests, ground water table and geology are taken into consideration while planning for suitable sites. Spatial Analyst Tool along with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is extremely useful in such multicriteria decision making process. The present study, based on these tools/techniques, endeavours to identify a suitable location for landfill site in a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The study identifies six potential sites out of which one has been proposed and recommended as the best suitable site. 相似文献
2.
'Situating' Simulation to Model Human Spatio-Temporal Interactions: An Example Using Crime Events 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elizabeth R Groff 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):507-530
Many social phenomena have a spatio‐temporal dimension and involve dynamic decisions made by individuals. In the past, researchers have often turned to geographic information systems (GIS) to model these interactions. Although GIS provide a powerful tool for examining the spatial aspects of these interactions, they are unable to model the dynamic, individual‐level interactions across time and space. In an attempt to address these issues, some researchers have begun to use simulation models. But these models rely on artificial landscapes that do not take into account the environment in which humans move and interact. This research presents the methodology for ‘situating’ simulation through the use of a new modeling tool, Agent Analyst, which integrates agent‐based modeling (ABM) and GIS. Three versions of a model of street robbery are presented to illustrate the importance of using ‘real’ data to inform agent activity spaces and movement. The successful implementation of this model demonstrates that: (1) agents can move along existing street networks; (2) land use patterns can be used to realistically distribute agent's homes and activities across a city; and (3) the incidence and pattern of street robberies is significantly different when ‘real’ data are used. 相似文献
3.
Yao Yao Chenqi Feng Jiteng Xie Xiaoqin Yan Qingfeng Guan Jian Han Jiaqi Zhang Shuliang Ren Yuyun Liang Peng Luo 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(6):1662-1679
The world is facing more energy crises due to extreme weather and the rapidly growing demand for electricity. Siting new substations and optimizing the location of existing ones are necessary to address the energy crisis. The current site selection lacks consideration of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in urban power demand, which results in unreasonable energy transfer and waste, leading to power outages in some areas. Aiming to maximize the grid coverage and transformer utilization, we propose a multi-scene micro-scale urban substation siting framework (UrbanPS): (1) The framework uses multi-source big data and the machine learning model to estimate fine-scale power consumption for different scenarios; (2) the region growing algorithm is used to divide the power supply area of substations; and the (3) location set coverage problem and genetic algorithm are introduced to optimize the substation location. The UrbanPS was used to perform siting optimization of 110 kV terminal substations in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province. Results show that the coverage and utilization rate of the optimization results under different power consumption scenarios are close to 99%. We also found that the power can be saved by dynamic regulation of substation operation. 相似文献
4.
用仿真和地理Agent研究紧急状态下DSS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分布计算的灾害仿真Agent和地理信息Agent的基础上，提出了一种基于仿真Agent和地理信息Agent的紧急状态决策支持系统(EDSS,Emergency Decision Support Systems)的框架，实现了各个相关行政部门的资源合力对多灾种并发时的紧急状态进行有效仿真并提供正确及时的决策支持。 相似文献
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Simulating the dynamics and processes within a spatially influenced retail market, such as the retail gasoline market, is a highly challenging research area. Current approaches are limited through their inability to model the impact of supplier or consumer behavior over both time and space. Agent‐based models (ABMs) provide an alternative approach that overcomes these problems. We demonstrate how knowledge of retail pricing is extended by using a ‘hybrid’ model approach: an agent model for retailers and a spatial interaction model for consumers. This allows the issue of spatial competition between individual retailers to be examined in a way only accessible to agent‐based models, allowing each model retailer autonomous control over optimizing their price. The hybrid model is shown to be successful at recreating spatial pricing dynamics at a national scale, simulating the effects of a rise in crude oil prices as well as accurately predicting which retailers were most susceptible to closure over a 10‐year period. 相似文献
6.
Improving and Extending Home Range and Habitat Analysis by Integration with a Geographic Information System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The minimum convex polygon and fixed kernel techniques for analysing animal home range (HR), and the Schoener index independence test, are integrated as functions into the ArcView GIS. The ArcView Spatial Analyst, 3DAnalyst, SmartImage, Movement and Xtools extensions are used, as is the Avenue customization language. HR is calculated in surface area and presented over a virtual model of the landscape. The efficiency of HR analysis, interpretation and understanding is greatly improved within a GIS, eliminating the need to engage in the traditional multi-procedural approach using external packages. A case study is undertaken using observational data from four eastern grey kangaroos ( Macropus giganteus ). The GIS, through use of query and partitioning functionality, enables a deeper understanding of the parameters influencing each HR estimate. Geo-referenced multiple data overlay is shown to significantly enhance comparison of estimates of more than one animal and the identification of error. 相似文献
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大范围的红树植物遥感提取容易受地物遮挡、海水浸淹以及红树植物本身覆盖程度等因素影响,为了解决这一问题,2019-04在中国广东省湛江市通明海湾红树植物生长区域进行了现场调研,并使用高分一号（Gaofen-1, GF-1）卫星遥感影像提取红树植物分布范围。首先,根据地物波谱特征,使用归一化水体指数提取水陆边线,建立红树植物适宜生长区域;然后,使用面向对象方法逐步精确红树植物生长区域,采用光谱归一化差值指数、植被指数的方法二次提取通明海湾红树植物的分布区域;最后,对两次提取结果取并集,最大化精细提取红树植物生长范围。利用经验模型对该海湾进行海水的叶绿素a反演,分析该区域红树植物周围海水叶绿素a的浓度及分布特征,对红树植物与其周围水环境叶绿素a浓度的相关性进行研究。研究结果显示,红树植物生长区域的水体叶绿素a浓度极高,且近岸水体有红树植物的区域,其叶绿素a浓度要高于无红树植物区域。相关性分析表明叶绿素a浓度与红树植物之间有较好的相关性,叶绿素a浓度由高浓度急剧降低为低浓度,证明红树植物周围水体叶绿素a浓度及分布特征有明显变化规律,可以使用该方法精细提取全部红树植物生长范围。 相似文献
8.
建立适用于多类型植被场景的热辐射方向性模型是进行地表热辐射方向性研究的一种手段。利用真实植株几何及生理参数的统计平均值来刻画理念植株,并给定其空间分布特征,进行不同生长期植被冠层的描述。基于冠层双向孔隙率思想构建了冠层热辐射方向性3维模型,模型继承了孔隙率模型在计算冠层热辐射方向性上的简洁优势同时以几何光学的思想考虑了冠层空间异质性对冠层热辐射方向性的影响。以玉米冠层为例,进行了不同生长期玉米冠层热辐射方向亮温的模拟,通过与实地测量数据的比对表明,本文发展的模型能够较准确地模拟不同生长期玉米植被场景的方向亮温变化规律,模拟误差主要来自理念株的刻画误差、玉米叶片形状的近似以及忽略了多次散射贡献等3个方面。模型的构建方法对稀疏植被场景、浓密植被场景、多类型植被的混合场景均可适用,不同观测几何下的植被场景4组份面积比计算结果有望应用于复杂地表条件下地表返照率的研究。 相似文献
9.
In mountainous regions, solar radiation exhibits a strong spatial heterogeneity due to terrain shading effects. Terrain shading algorithms based on digital elevation models can be categorized into two types: area‐based and point‐specific. In this article, we evaluated two shading algorithms using designed mathematic surfaces. Theoretical shading effects over four Gauss synthetic surfaces were calculated and used to evaluate the terrain shading algorithms. We evaluated the area‐based terrain shading algorithm, Hillshade tool of ArcGIS, and the point‐specific shading algorithm from Solar Analyst (SA) in ArcGIS. Both algorithms showed shading overestimation, and Hillshade showed more accuracy with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.20%, as compared to the MAE of 1.66% of SA. The MAE of Hillshade increases exponentially as the spatial extent of the study area increases because the solar position for all locations on the surface is the same in Hillshade. Consequently, we suggest that the surface should be divided into more tiles in Hillshade when the discrepancy in the latitude of the whole surface is greater than 4°. Skyshed, which represents the horizon angle distribution in SA, is error‐prone over more complex terrain because horizon angle interpolation is problematic for such areas. We also propose a new terrain shading algorithm, with solar positions calculated using local latitude for each cell and the horizon angle calculated for every specific time interval, but without projections. The new model performs better than Hillshade and SA with an MAE of 0.55%. 相似文献
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基于SketchUp软件快速高效的三维建模方法,直观便捷的三维观察方法再配合实地照片及Google Earth相关卫星图片,可以准确有效地模拟及再现山地场景。通过举例,探究了用SketchUp软件及ArcGIS3D分析模块对大面积山体进行快速建模的技术。 相似文献
11.
A Space‐Time Raster GIS Data Model for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Responses to a Freeze Event 
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下载免费PDF全文 Many past space‐time GIS data models viewed the world mainly from a spatial perspective. They attached a time stamp to each state of an entity or the entire area of study. This approach is less efficient for certain spatio‐temporal analyses that focus on how locations change over time, which require researchers to view each location from a temporal perspective. In this article, we present a data model to organize multi‐temporal remote sensing datasets and track their changes at the individual pixel level. This data model can also integrate raster datasets from heterogeneous sources under a unified framework. The proposed data model consists of several object classes under a hierarchical structure. Each object class is associated with specific properties and behaviors to facilitate efficient spatio‐temporal analyses. We apply this data model to a case study of analyzing the impact of the 2007 freeze in Knoxville, Tennessee. The characteristics of different vegetation clusters before, during, and after the 2007 freeze event are compared. Our findings indicate that the majority of the study area is impacted by this freeze event, and different vegetation types show different response patterns to this freeze. 相似文献
12.
利用遥感数据评价燃煤电厂空气质量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星观测数据可以评价燃煤电厂的空气质量等级。NO2、SO2 和烟尘是燃煤电厂排放的主要污染物,本文利用卫星遥感观测的NO2、SO2和气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)开展燃煤电厂空气质量评价。以中国华北地区为实验区,分析对比了3种污染物不同时间分辨率和空间分辨率的污染状况,确定了单因子的5级分级标准,根据燃煤电厂排放污染物的权重不同,提出了评价近地表空气质量状况的模型。本文综合考虑3种污染因子来反映电厂空气质量,有利于提高评价的准确性以及反应信息的全面性。结果表明,该模型能正确反映不同地区电厂的空气质量特点。 相似文献
13.
利用梯阶中值选址模型进行区域机场群布局适应性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了中值选址模型和梯阶选址问题,提出了利用梯阶中值选址模型的区域机场群选址布局模型,并对广东省机场群布局的适应性进行了实证研究。在模型实验中,应用地理信息技术对模型进行了计算,结果说明了该模型及模型计算方法对区域机场群选址规划的应用价值。 相似文献
14.
地图自动综合中的监控Agent模型构造 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
简要介绍了Agent的起源、发生和发展以及技术和基本特点。在分析了自动综合的现状和发展需求的基础上，把Agent技术引入到自动综合中来，并利用Agent的自治性、反应性、能动性、学习性、通信性和移动性等基本特性，提出了一种基于Agent的地图综合模型，即自动综合的监控Agent模型，用于对自动综合的综合行为进行监控。同时地图综合知识库的建立和应用，大大提高了Agent的自动反应能力，对自动综合的综合过程起到了强有力的保障和监督作用，文中最后列举了相应的例子。 相似文献
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介绍了基于代理Servlet的移动定位服务系统AMLS的系统架构，重点讨论了空间对象的高效查询和解析、移动用户GPS位置的获取和代理Servlet等关键技术的实现方法，并对AMLS进行了具体的实践。 相似文献
18.
One of the simplest location models in terms of its constraint structure in location‐allocation modeling is the location set‐covering problem (LSCP). Although there have been a variety of geographic applications of the set‐covering problem (SCP), the use of the SCP as a facility location model is one of the most common. In the early applications of the LSCP, both potential facility sites as well as demand were represented by points discretely located in geographic space. The advent of geographic information systems (GIS), however, has made possible a greater range of object representations that can reduce representation error. The purpose of this article is to outline a methodology using GIS and K = 3 central place lattices to solve the LSCP when demand is continuously distributed over a bounded area and potential facility sites have not been defined a priori. Although, demand is assumed to exist over an area, it is shown how area coverage can be accomplished by the coverage of a point pattern. Potential facility site distributions based on spacings that are powers of one‐third the coverage distance are also shown to provide more efficient coverage than arbitrarily chosen spacings. Using GIS to make interactive adjustments to an incomplete coverage also provides an efficient alternative to smaller spacings between potential facility sites for reducing the number of facilities necessary for complete coverage. 相似文献
19.
Mathias Versichele Tijs Neutens Manuel Claeys Bouuaert Nico Van de Weghe 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(5):687-703
Certain datasets on moving objects are episodic in nature – that is, the data is characterized by time gaps during which the position of the object is unknown. In this article, a model is developed to study the sparsely sampled network‐constrained movement of several objects by calculating both potential and feasible (i.e. more likely) co‐presence opportunities over time. The approach is applied to the context of a static sensor network, where the location of an object is only registered when passing a sensor location along a road network. Feasibility is incorporated based on the deviation from the shortest path. As an illustration, the model is applied to a large Bluetooth tracking dataset gathered at a mass event. The model output consists of maps showing the temporal evolution of the distribution of feasible co‐presence opportunities of tracked visitors over the network (i.e. the number of visitors that could have been present together). We demonstrate the model's usefulness in studying the movement and distribution of a crowd over a study area with relatively few sampling locations. Finally, we discuss the results with a special emphasis on the distinction between feasible and actual presence, the need for further validation and calibration, and the performance of the implementation. 相似文献
20.
GIS and Intelligent Agents for Multiobjective Natural Resource Allocation: A Reinforcement Learning Approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An important component of natural resource management is determining how to allocate resources within a landscape to different stakeholders in a manner that satisfies multiple objectives. Developing decision making tools for assisting natural resource allocation is a challenging endeavor as stakeholders' objectives typically exist at varying spatial scales, their actions are defined by the spatial constraints in which they operate, and the spatial distribution of resources can be altered due to system disturbances. The nature of such challenges suggests the need for a geographic approach that can investigate these spatial complexities in order to generate a suitable set of solutions. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an Intelligent Agent Model for multiobjective natural resource allocation. The model integrates agent-based modeling in a GIS environment with reinforcement learning – a heuristic method for generating, evaluating, and improving multiobjective decision making solutions. The model is implemented by simulating a forest management scenario in which agents that represent forest companies learn how to harvest trees in a manner that maximizes economic return while minimizing the adverse ecological impact to the surrounding landscape. In addition, the model simulates forest disturbances of varying frequencies and intensities to determine how disturbance events affect the decision-making ability of agents. The model is validated to demonstrate that it can provide practical solutions to natural resource decision making. 相似文献