共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In Darb El-Arbaein, the groundwater is the only water resource. The aquifer system starts from Paleozoic–Mesozoic to Upper Cretaceous sandstone rocks. They overlay the basement rocks and the aquifer is confined. In the present research, the performance of the statistical analyses to classify groundwater samples depending on their chemical characters has been tested. The hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data of 92 groundwater samples were obtained from the General Authority for Rehabilitation Projects and Agricultural Development authority in northern, central, and southern Darb El-Arbaein. A robust classification scheme for partitioning groundwater chemistry into homogeneous groups was an important tool for the characterization of Nubian sandstone aquifer. We test the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples. R-mode, Q-mode, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were investigated. All the methods were discussed and compared as to their ability to cluster, ease of use, and ease of interpretation. The correlation investigation clarifies the relationship among the lithologic, hydrogeologic, and anthropogenic factors. Factor investigation revealed three factors, namely, the evaporation process–agricultural impact–lithogenic dissolution, the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer system, and the surface meteoric water that recharge the aquifer system. Two main clusters that subdivided into four subclusters were identified in the groundwater system based on hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data. They reflect the impact of geomedia, hydrogeology, geographic position, and agricultural wastewater. The groundwater is undersaturated with respect to most selected minerals. The groundwater was supersaturated with respect to iron minerals in northern and southern Darb El-Arbaein. The partial pressure of the groundwater versus saturation index of calcite shows the gradual change in PCO2 from atmospheric to the present aquifer pressures. 相似文献
2.
【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出,岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂,开发利用率低,基于多年调查研究工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征,研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析,提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用,一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律,发挥分散供水和应急供水作用;二是加强调蓄工程建设,解决水资源时空分布不均问题;三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂,具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型,规模大小不一,开发利用形式多样;在垂向上具有叠置性,水空分布严重不均;开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下,查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律,科学评价地下水资源量,因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案,为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。创新点：以系统水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特点;针对岩溶区水资源安全保障问题,分析其主要原因,提出了水资源保障对策。 相似文献
3.
Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is considered as a strategy for the storage of water to ensure a sustainable water supply in the Abu Dhabi emirate. Earlier investigations have been conducted, and two sites were proposed for the installation of ASR in the surficial aquifer. Recently, the site located in the center of Abu Dhabi (sand dune area) was executed, and the second site is undergoing the pilot phase of the study. However, the performance and influence of the regional groundwater system may vary depending on regional hydrogeological characteristics, which have not been investigated. Hence, this study attempts to understand the feasibility of the proposed ASR sites in the surficial aquifer using a regional model developed by the finite-difference approach with an accuracy of 0.28 m mean residual difference. Additionally, six sites were selected on the basis of the literature and aquifer parameters and were investigated for their suitability for future ASR installation. Six cycles of injection and recovery at various rates were analyzed at each ASR site by using a transient calibrated model until the end of the year 2030. The area of influence is axisymmetrical in the sand dune area and non-symmetrical in the east and northeastern areas because of the steep topography and groundwater table gradient. At the sites that possess a non-symmetrical influence, the area of influence is always high upstream of the groundwater flow. Heterogeneity-induced variation in the fluctuation of the groundwater table is noted in all sites. Even with 100% recovery, the groundwater table did not reach the ambient groundwater table during the recovery period. This finding confirms the contribution of regional groundwater to the site during recovery. All sites selected for future ASR installation, except site 5, are capable of storing the volume needed to meet expected water demand. Site 2 is considered the most suitable site for ASR installation in the future. This study will facilitate the scientific communities and authorities in understanding the feasibility of ASR installation for sustainable water storage and supply in the Abu Dhabi emirate. 相似文献
4.
El Osta Maged 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(20):642
The Paris–Abu Bayan area located along the Darb El Arbaein road is involved in the New Valley Project in the Egyptian Western Desert (EWD) as part of ongoing efforts since the 1960s. In this dryland area, groundwater stored in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) serves as the only water resource for a number of different uses. A major concern is the significant groundwater withdrawals from 74 pumped wells since the beginning of agricultural activities in 2000. The recent rapid expansion of agricultural activity and the lack of sufficient groundwater recharge as a result of unplanned groundwater development have led to severe stress on the aquifer. Field measurements have shown a rapid decline in groundwater levels, creating a crisis situation for this sole source of water in the area. In this study, mathematical modeling of the groundwater system (single aquifer layer) of the Paris–Abu Bayan reclaimed area was implemented using MODFLOW to devise a new strategy for the sustainable use of groundwater, by applying a number of scenarios in a finite-difference program. The conceptual model and calibration were developed by generating and studying the hydrogeological records, NSA parameters, production wells, and water level measurements for 2005 and 2012. Three management scenarios were applied on the calibrated model to display the present and future stresses on this aquifer over a 30-year period (2012–2042). The results clearly show a high decline in the heads of the NSA, by about 13.8 m, due to the continuous withdrawal of water (first scenario: present conditions, 102,473 m3/day). In the second scenario, the water level is expected to decrease significantly, by about 16 m, in most of the reclamation area by increasing the pumping rates by about 25% (over-pumping) to meet the continuous need for more cultivation land in the area. To reduce the large decline in water levels, the third plan tests the aquifer after reducing the water withdrawal by approximately 25%, applying modern irrigation systems, and suggesting two new reclaimed areas in the northeastern and northwestern parts (areas 1 and 2), with 20 new wells, at 500 m3/day/well. The results in this case show that groundwater levels are slightly decreased, by about 9.5 m, while many wells (especially the new wells in the northern part) show a slight decrease in groundwater levels (0.8 m). The results comparison shows that the groundwater level in the modeled area is lowered by 0.3 m/year with an increase in the number of wells to 94 and increased cultivation area by about 18% (third scenario), versus 0.45 m/year and 0.60 m/year recorded for the first and second scenarios, respectively. Therefore, based on the results, the third scenario is recommended as a new strategy for improving groundwater resource sustainability in the region. 相似文献
5.
Water resources in residential areas are negatively affected by floods. In addition, many aquifers are contaminated as a result of urbanization. Great damage caused during earthquakes are partly attributed to the residential pattern which ignores the potential effect of groundwater. Hydrogeological and hydrological surveys must be carried out in the residential areas to determine the interaction between water and residential development of all types.Recent hydrogeological and hydrological investigations regarding the impact of urbanization were made for the city of Burdur (Turkey). To evaluate the effect of earthquakes on groundwater, groundwater isohypse and groundwater isopach maps were prepared showing most of the buildings within the Burdur city boundaries, which are in the areas where groundwater depth is less than 10 m. This is considered a critical depth for liquefaction during an earthquake. Lowering of the groundwater table has to be considered as one of the alternatives in reducing earthquake hazards. The chemical makeup of groundwater was also determined to consider its relationship to contamination and possible effects upon the foundations. Streams flowing across the Burdur residential area formed a flooding risk. Results of the peak flow analysis can be used to design improvements for the city. Maps of the best residential development areas have been prepared by using hydrological and hydrogeological results. 相似文献
6.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1403-1413
The southern regions of Madagascar have the country’s lowest water supply coverage and are highly vulnerable to drought. Access to potable drinking water is a major challenge for the local population. Chronic droughts lead to annual emergency appeals to save the lives of acute malnourished children. UNICEF’s response consisting in providing potable drinking water through the drilling of boreholes has been challenged by the complex hydrogeology, the low yield of boreholes and high-level salinity of water, the lack of reliable groundwater data and the weak capacity of the drilling sector. These constraints result in a high rate of drilling failure. To improve drilling success and provide more potable drinking water to local communities, it is vital to undertake reliable groundwater investigation.UNICEF Madagascar and the European Union delegation in Madagascar collaborated on the use of satellite imagery to improve sector knowledge and access to safe and clean water for local communities in southern Madagascar. The methodology relies on produce thematic layers of groundwater potential areas. Later, these thematic layers were overlaid with ground-based hydrogeological data to map the groundwater potential zones (GWP) and identify the most suitable sites for borehole siting and drilling. Findings of this study are very encouraging, and the integrated approach used has proven its applicability in mapping groundwater potential areas in the eight drought-affected areas of south Madagascar. The groundwater potential zone map is being used by UNICEF and partners to plan water supply projects and identify the best sites for positioning new boreholes and reduce the likelihood of drilling failure. Additionally, the project developed a database of groundwater resources, which will improve knowledge of the regional hydrogeological context and strengthen the capacity of the water sector. Lessons learnt from this study show that an integration of the groundwater potential zone map with demographics and water demand information will help identifying priority areas for detailed studies. Moreover, a capacity building activity is required for knowledge/technology transfer to the Ministry of Energy, Water and Hydrocarbons (MEEH), allowing the possibility of scaling-up this integrated approach to the rest of Madagascar. Finally, strengthening the capacity of the MEEH and refining this approach as suggested above will certainly help in the pursuit to improve equitable access to safe and clean water for households located in the drought-affected areas of southern Madagascar, allowing them to be more resilient to the effects of climate change. 相似文献
7.
Groundwater aquifer vulnerability has been assessed by incorporating the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control the groundwater contamination using GIS-based DRASTIC model along with solute transport modeling. This work demonstrates the potential of GIS to derive a vulnerability map by overlying various spatially referenced digital data layers (i.e., depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity) that portrays cumulative aquifer sensitivity ratings in Kishangarh, Rajasthan. It provides a relative indication of groundwater aquifer vulnerability to contamination. The soil moisture flow and solute transport regimes of the vadose zone associated with specific hydrogeological conditions play a crucial role in pollution risk assessment of the underlying groundwater resources. An effort has been made to map the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to surface pollutants of thestudy area, using soil moisture flow and contaminant transport modeling. The classical advection-dispersion equation coupled with Richard’s equation is numerically simulated at different point locations for assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of the valley. The role of soil type, slope, and the land-use cover is considered for estimating the transient flux at the top boundary from daily precipitation and evapotranspiration data of the study area. The time required by the solute peak to travel from the surface to the groundwater table at the bottom of the soil profile is considered as an indicator of avulnerability index. Results show a high vulnerability in the southern region, whereas low vulnerability is observed in the northeast and northern parts. The results have recognized four aquifer vulnerability zones based on DRASTIC vulnerability index (DVI), which ranged from 45 to 178. It has been deduced that approximately 18, 25, 34, and 23% of the area lies in negligible, low, medium and high vulnerability zones, respectively. The study may assist in decision making related to theplanning of industrial locations and the sustainable water resources development of the selected semi-arid area. 相似文献
8.
以大汶口盆地南北两侧分布的朱家沟组灰质砾岩为研究对象,通过钻探施工岩心编录、野外井点调查、可控源音频大地电磁法、抽水试验等技术方法研究盆地南北两侧灰质砾岩溶蚀发育特征及富水性,以施工水文地质钻孔为例,系统总结出盆地南北两侧灰质砾岩的富水规律。结果表明:朱家沟组含水层单井涌水量为720~2 027 m3?d-1;受沉积环境和构造发育影响,盆地北部和南部朱家沟组含水层在岩石结构、物性、溶蚀发育特征、地下水补给来源、富水性等方面存在明显差异。此灰质砾岩富水规律在鲁中南山区具有普遍性和适用性。 相似文献
9.
水文地质调查与综合物探在赣南花岗岩地区找水中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决赣南革命老区缺水村落的饮水安全问题,在中国地调局赣南饮水安全项目的支撑下,对赣南20个扶贫点开展了找水工作。本文以宁都县花岗岩地区的4个找水点为例,介绍水文地质调查与综合物探结合的找水方法与技术。首先通过调查各测区水文地质条件,明确找水方向并布置物探测线,然后合理选择综合物探方法和工作参数,确定数据处理与资料解释方法,最后通过物探成果分析与钻探验证,归纳总结了水文地质调查与综合物探方法相结合在花岗岩地区找水中的经验与教训,能够为花岗岩地区开展地下水勘查工作提供有益的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
10.
Naves Acacia Samper Javier Pisani Bruno Mon Alba Dafonte Jorge Montenegro Luis García-Tomillo Aitor 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(8):2655-2669
Groundwater availability, management and protection are great challenges for the sustainability of groundwater resources in the scattered rural areas of the Atlantic regions of Europe where groundwater is the only option for water supply. This report presents a hydrogeological study of the coastal granitic area of Oia in northwestern Spain, which has unique geomorphological and hydrogeological features with steep slopes favoring the erosion of the weathered granite. The hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area includes: (1) the regolith layer, which is present only in the flat summit of the mountains; (2) the slope debris and the colluvial deposits, which are present in the intermediate and lowest parts of the hillside; (3) the marine terrace; and (4) the underlying fractured granite. Groundwater recharge from rainfall infiltration varies spatially due to variations in terrain slope, geology and land use. The mean annual recharge estimated with a hydrological water balance model ranges from 75 mm in the steepest zone to 135 mm in the lowest flat areas. Groundwater flows mostly through the regolith and the detrital formations, which have the largest hydraulic conductivities. Groundwater discharges in seepage areas, springs, along the main creeks and into the sea. The conceptual hydrogeological model has been implemented in a groundwater flow model, which later has been used to select the best pumping scenario. Model results show that the future water needs for domestic and tourist water supply can be safely provided with eight pumping wells with a maximum pumping rate of 700 m3/day.
相似文献11.
Raymond A. Duraiswami Vrishali Dumale Usha Shetty 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):621-638
Runoff has increased many fold in urban areas due to increase in paved areas, training of streams and construction of storm
water drains. The recharge is therefore continuously decreasing; resulting in depleting groundwater reserves beneath large
cities, especially those situated on water divides. In order to reduce surface runoff and replenish groundwater many advocate
artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting. Conventionally, detailed hydrogeological survey is needed by expert hydrogeologists
to suggest suitable sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and storage in the subsurface aquifers. Pune, a rapidly growing
city, is under severe stress due to shortage of water in some areas. An effort has been made in this study to identify areas
suitable for rooftop rainwater harvesting by integrating traditional hydrogeological survey data with the help of Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information System. This endeavour has led to develop a program called SLUGGER-DQL which helps to identify
potential sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. The program is open ended and several other factors
controlling potential recharge can be easily added on. Based on the results of the present study, potential sites for rainwater
harvesting and artificial recharge have been identified in the Pune University-Shivajinagar-Kothrud area. The present paper
demonstrates the utility of traditional hydrogeological surveys combined with modern techniques in solving problems related
to urban hydrogeology and town planning. 相似文献
12.
Delineation of groundwater potential zones in Wadi Saida Watershed of NW-Algeria using remote sensing,geographic information system-based AHP techniques and geostatistical analysis 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sustainable management of groundwater resources has now become an obligation,especially in arid and semi-arid regions given the socio-economic importance of this resource.The optimization in zoning for groundwater exploitation helps in planning and managing groundwater supply works such as boreholes and wells in the catchment.The objective of this study is to use remote sensing and GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)techniques to evaluate the groundwater potential of Wadi Saida Watershed.Spatial analysis such as geostatistics was also used to validate results and ensure more accuracy.Through the GIS tools and remote sensing technique,earth observation data were converted into thematic layers such as lineament density,geology,drainage density,slope,land use and rainfall,which were combined to delineate groundwater potential zones.Based on their respective impact on groundwater potential,the AHP approach was adopted to assign weights on multi-influencing factors.These results will enable decision-makers to optimize hydrogeological exploration in large-scale catchment areas and map areas.According to the results,the southern part of the Wadi Saida Watershed is characterized as a higher groundwater potential area,where 32%of the total surface area falls in the excellent and good class of groundwater potential.The validation process revealed a 71%agreement between the estimated and actual yield of the existing boreholes in the study area. 相似文献
13.
Chen Mengxiong 《Environmental Geology》1987,10(3):141-147
Since the establishment of new China, great attention has been paid by the government to the investigation of groundwater
resources. On the basis of regional hydrogeological mapping covering most parts of the territory, an overall evaluation of
groundwater resources in China is about 872 billion m3/a, in which the amounts of pore water, fissure water, and karst water are calculated separately, and the consumption of groundwater
is also accounted for. Much prospecting work has been carried out for the development of well irrigation as well as the urban
water supply of industrial cities. This extensive work has provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization
of groundwater resources.
According to statistics, 11.3 million ha of arable land are irrigated with water from wells, and the annual exploitation of
underground water has reached 40 billion m3. In 27 cities of North China, the output of groundwater reached 6.86 million m3/d, which amounted to 87% of the total water consumed. The distribution and different hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater
resources in various regions are discussed in this article, including some environmental hydrogeological problems related
to the exploitation and utilization of groundwater. In short, it is evident that groundwater resources play a significant
role in both urban and rural water supply, and promote the development of agriculture and industries in China. 相似文献
14.
山区地下水对平原区的侧向径流补给量是一个长期争议且悬而未决的难题,这个量在西北内陆干旱盆地,被估算得或很小或很大。在总结前人研究的基础上,采用地质水文地质调查、物探、钻探、抽水试验、地下水动态观测、水化学测试、盆地地下水水位统测和综合研究等技术方法,查明了黑河中游盆地南部山盆交接带的地质构造接触关系、地层岩性接触关系及梨园河口白垩系风化壳含水层结构和水文地质参数。通过山区不同流域等级的地表水与地下水转化关系分析,将山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给带划分为大中型河流河谷补给段和小微型河流或冲沟群流域构成的浅山带补给段。河谷补给段勘探资料较为丰富,多用达西断面流方法计算;针对浅山带补给段极为缺乏勘探资料的实际,以梨园河口断面径流量为参照,构建了浅山带岩性、汇水区面积、降水量等3 个变量的山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给量的估算方法。估算出黑河中游盆地南部山区浅山带地下水对平原的侧向径流补给量为0.40×108 m3/a,河谷段基岩侧向补给量为0.07×108 m3/a;推算出河谷段第四系地下水补给量为0.30×108 m3/a;3 项补给量之和为0.77×108 m3/a,占盆地地下水资源量的3.0%。该研究为西北内陆干旱盆地山区地下水对平原区侧向径流补给量的估算提供了一个可供借鉴的实例。 相似文献
15.
Asimina Kanta Pantelis Soupios Pavel Barsukov Maria Kouli Filippos Vallianatos 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2153-2165
Effective management of groundwater resources is a well-known problem in several areas around the world. It is especially important to areas suffering from an intrinsic lack of fresh water, such as islands. Detailed study of available aquifers is of particular interest in the highly touristic Greek island of Crete. The increasing water demand makes water resources management extremely important for sustainable development. This is the case in the prefecture of Chania in Western Crete, where there has been a lack of success of many different groundwater management plans that have been produced over the years and submitted for application to water management authority. The inefficiency of the management plans is verified by the continuous water shortage reported every year which forces the public authorities to transfer water from far away sources and wells. Until today there are only geological data as well as information from the borehole logs; therefore, the current work is focused to study in detail the tectonic and hydrogeological characteristics of the Keritis watershed to make a correlation of the available geoenvironmental information with the geophysical data of the study aquifer. Transient electromagnetic soundings were conducted to obtain detailed information about: the tectonic, hydrogeological, hydrolithological, and geometrical characteristics of the aquifer under investigation. In addition, optimum areas of water well drilling were identified to minimize the uncertainty and the total cost (economical, managerial, etc.) of future groundwater surveys. 相似文献
16.
Identification of potential sites for aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in coastal areas using ASR performance estimation methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Koen G. Zuurbier Mark Bakker Willem Jan Zaadnoordijk Pieter J. Stuyfzand 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(6):1373-1383
Performance of freshwater aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems in brackish or saline aquifers is negatively affected by lateral flow, density effects, and/or dispersive mixing, causing ambient groundwater to enter ASR wells during recovery. Two recently published ASR performance estimation methods are applied in a Dutch coastal area, characterized by brackish-to-saline groundwater and locally high lateral-flow velocities. ASR performance of existing systems in the study area show good agreement with the predicted performance using the two methods, provided that local vertical anisotropy ratios are limited (<3). Deviations between actual and predicted ASR performance may originate from simplifications in the conceptual model and uncertainties in the hydrogeological and hydrochemical input. As the estimation methods prove suitable to predict ASR performance, feasibility maps are generated for different scales of ASR to identify favorable ASR sites. Successful small-to-medium-scale ASR varies spatially in the study area, emphasizing the relevance of reliable a priori spatial mapping. 相似文献
17.
以1996-2012年期间抗旱打井实例,总结了找水技术方法、勘查工作流程,提出了滇东南高原斜坡地带岩溶区找水要点:分水岭弱径流带,主要目标是在古溶蚀台面上接近区域分水岭的地段、规模较大的溶蚀洼地中的扬起端寻找浅层岩溶水;缓坡区较强径流带,主要目标是寻找面积较大、产状较平缓的悬托弱透水层之上的滞水型岩溶水;斜坡区强径流带,主要应寻找暗河天窗、竖井中的岩溶水。确定井位应遵循区域调查分析+井位附近详细调查分析的工作程序,必要时配合开展物探准确定位;不宜在排泄区、强径流区、峰丛洼地区、大泉、地下河附近、负地形最低部位布井,物探成果应用须与水文地质调查成果紧密结合。 相似文献
18.
Brian D. Conway 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(3):649-655
Land subsidence due to groundwater overdraft has been an ongoing problem in south-central and southern Arizona (USA) since the 1940s. The first earth fissure attributed to excessive groundwater withdrawal was discovered in the early 1950s near Picacho. In some areas of the state, groundwater-level declines of more than 150 m have resulted in extensive land subsidence and earth fissuring. Land subsidence in excess of 5.7 m has been documented in both western metropolitan Phoenix and Eloy. The Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) has been monitoring land subsidence since 2002 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and since 1998 using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The ADWR InSAR program has identified more than 25 individual land subsidence features that cover an area of more than 7,300 km2. Using InSAR data in conjunction with groundwater-level datasets, ADWR is able to monitor land subsidence areas as well as identify areas that may require additional monitoring. One area of particular concern is the Willcox groundwater basin in southeastern Arizona, which is the focus of this paper. The area is experiencing rapid groundwater declines, as much as 32.1 m during 2005–2014 (the largest land subsidence rate in Arizona State—up to 12 cm/year), and a large number of earth fissures. The declining groundwater levels in Arizona are a challenge for both future groundwater availability and mitigating land subsidence associated with these declines. ADWR’s InSAR program will continue to be a critical tool for monitoring land subsidence due to excessive groundwater withdrawal. 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of aquifers vulnerability to contamination in the Yarmouk River basin, Jordan, based on DRASTIC method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The existing different human activities and planned land uses put the groundwater resources in Jordan at considerable risk. There are evidences suggesting that the quality of groundwater supplies in north Jordan is under threat from a wide variety of point and non-point sources including agricultural, domestic, and industrial. Vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of hydrogeological conditions and human impacts. DRASTIC method incorporates the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control groundwater movement: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), lithology of the aquifer (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), lithology of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The main goal of this study is to produce vulnerability maps of groundwater resources in the Yarmouk River basin by applying the DRASTIC method to determine areas where groundwater protection or monitoring is critical. ArcGIS 9.2 was used to create the groundwater vulnerability maps by overlaying the available hydrogeological data. The resulting vulnerability maps were then integrated with lineament and land use maps as additional parameters in the DRASTIC model to assess more accurately the potential risk of groundwater to pollution. The general DRASTIC index indicates that the potential for polluting groundwater is low in the whole basin, whereas the resulting pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability map indicates that about 31% of the basin is classified as having moderate vulnerability, which may be attributed to agricultural activities in the area. Although high nitrate concentrations were found in areas of moderate vulnerability, DRASTIC method did not depict accurately the nitrate distribution in the area. 相似文献
20.
科学合理地应用地源热泵技术、开发利用浅层地热能资源的前提是对地质条件的适应性进行充分论证。地源热泵技术的适宜性区划和浅层地热能评价是以地质条件、水文地质条件为基础,结合地源热泵系统特征进行划分。依据长春市地质和水文地质条件,长春市区可划分3个地层结构区, 即贾家洼子-八里堡-兴隆沟以西地区、贾家洼子-八里堡-兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带及其以东到伊通河西岸台地陡坎地带、伊通河谷地区。建立地下水源热泵适宜区的评价指标体系,评价指标体系共分目标层、亚目标层、指标层3层。亚目标层包含水文地质条件、地下水水质、地下水水温,指标层包含含水层厚度等9个指标。采用模糊综合评判法对3个地层结构区进行了适宜性评价。评价结果是Ⅰ区不适宜采用地下水源热泵,Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区均适宜采用地下水源热泵利用浅层地热资源。评价结果对长春市浅层地热能开发利用具有指导意义。 相似文献