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1.
Watercourse morphology is affected by local scouring when the flow interferes with anthropic structures. Controlling the scour hole size is of predominant importance to guarantee bridge safety as well as to limit the variations of river morphology. A combined countermeasure against bridge pier scour is proposed and tested in order to reduce the maximum scour depth and deviate it away from the bridge foundation. In the first part of the laboratory campaign, combination of two countermeasures (bed-sill and collar) was evaluated for a circular pier under clear-water and live-bed steady flow conditions. The proposed combined countermeasure exhibited an efficiency of about 64% in terms of scour depth reduction. Afterwards, it was tested in unsteady flow conditions, first for a circular pier, then in the case of a rectangular pier with round nose and tail, two circular in-line piers and two rectangular in-line piers, under a hydrograph with a peak flow velocity slightly above the threshold condition of sediment motion. Results showed that the combined countermeasure had an efficiency of about 63% for a single circular pier; however, higher efficiency (about 75%) was obtained in applications to rectangular pier and two in-line circular or rectangular piers. 相似文献
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In this work, investigation on the development of local scour around an oblong pier in a 180 degree flume bend is presented. Scour hole can cause failure of the bridge especially during the river floods. In this study, the use of oblong collars for reducing the effects of local scour at a bridge pier is presented together with the time aspect of the scour development. Tests were conducted using one oblong pier in positions of 60degree under one flow conditions. The study was conducted using a physical hydraulic model operated under clear-water conditions in cohesionless bed material. In this study, the time development of the local scour around the oblong pier fitted with and without collar plates was studied. Investigated was the effect of size and elevation collar on the time development of scour and its efficacy at preventing scour at a bridge pier. The time development of the scour hole around the model pier with and without a collar installed was compared with similar studies on bridge piers. The results of the model study indicated that the maximum depth of scour is highly dependent on the experimental duration. It was observed that, as the minimum depth of scour occurs for the square collar at width of 3B placed at elevation of 0.1B below the bed and the size of a collar plate increases, the scour decreases. Measuring depth of scouring based on experimental observation, an empirical relation is developed with regression coefficient 95%. 相似文献
3.
Shivakumar Khaple Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari Roberto Gaudio Subhasish Dey 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(1):29-46
In this study, three kinds of pier arrangements were tested. They are (i) two piers in tandem, (ii) two piers in staggered arrangement, and (iii) three piers in symmetrically staggered arrangements. In the arrangement of two piers in tandem, the equilibrium scour depth at downstream pier decreases with an increase in downstream distance up to approximately eight times pier diameter and then increases with further increase in downstream distance. However, the scour depth at downstream pier is always smaller than that at upstream pier. In the arrangement of two staggered piers, the scour depth at the downstream pier for L/b = 4, where L is the offset distance and b is the pier diameter, is the same as that of the upstream pier at S = 8b, where S is the streamwise spacing or distance between piers. Further, for three piers in staggered arrangement, as the lateral spacing between downstream piers increases, the equilibrium scour depth at downstream pier decreases. 相似文献
4.
Shivakumar Khaple Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari Roberto Gaudio Subhasish Dey 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(5):957-975
Results of an experimental study on the countermeasure of scour depth at circular piers are presented. Experiments were conducted for pier scour with and without a splitter plate under a steady, uniform clear-water flow condition. The results of pier scour without splitter plate were used as a reference. Different combinations of lengths and thicknesses of splitter plates were tested attaching each of them to a pier at the upstream vertical plane of symmetry. Two different median sediment sizes (d 50 = 0.96 and 1.8 mm) were considered as bed sediment. The experimental results show that the scour depth consistently decreases with an increase in splitter plate length, while the scour depth remains independent of splitter plate thickness. In addition, temporal evolution of scour depth at piers with and without a splitter plate is observed. The best combination is found to be with a splitter plate thickness of b/5 and a length of 2b. Here, b denotes the pier diameter. An empirical formula for the estimation of equilibrium scour depth at piers with splitter plates is obtained from a multiple linear regression analysis of the experimental data. The flow fields for various combinations of circular piers with and without splitter plate including plain bed and equilibrium scour conditions were measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The turbulent flow fields for various configurations are investigated by plotting the velocity vectors and the turbulent kinetic energy contours on vertical and horizontal planes. The splitter plate attached to the pier deflects the approach flow and thus weakens the strength of the downflow and the horseshoe vortex, being instrumental in reducing the equilibrium scour depth at piers. The proposed method of pier scour countermeasure is easy to install and cost effective as well. 相似文献
5.
By means of a simplified three degrees of freedom model, seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge piers and foundations were evaluated based on pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) tests for cases where pier strengthening and foundation strengthening are implemented. In addition, analysis based on PsD test results was conducted to investigate the influence of pier strengthening on seismic damage to the foundation. The PsD tests and the analysis show that the foundation suffers increased hysteretic response when pier strengthening is applied. The results also show that the foundation strengthening can prevent foundation damage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
为改善预制装配式桥墩的抗震性能和施工容错能力,提出一种装配式桥墩新型连接方式:超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High-Performance Concrete,UHPC)墩周连接。设计并制作1个现浇桥墩试件和1个UHPC墩周连接装配式桥墩试件,对两个试件进行拟静力试验;建立UHPC墩周连接装配式桥墩试件的三维实体非线性有限元模型,对比研究新型装配式桥墩的抗震性能及其影响因素。结果表明:UHPC墩周连接装配式桥墩与整体现浇桥墩表现出相似的抗侧力性能和自复位能力,二者的抗震性能基本等同。对比分析非线性有限元模型与实际桥墩试件的滞回曲线,二者拟合程度较高,验证了建模方法的可靠性和模拟结果的准确性。UHPC连接段高度对该装配式桥墩抗震性能的影响不大,保证钢筋搭接长度即可。轴压比、立柱高度和搭接钢筋配筋率对该装配式桥墩抗震性能的影响较为明显:在轴压比为0.1~0.3时,试件刚度和水平承载力随轴压比的增大而增大,残余位移随轴压比的增大而减小;立柱高度由2.0 m提高至2.5 m时,高度越大该装配式桥墩的水平承载能力和累积滞回耗能越小;湿接缝处搭接钢筋配筋率由1.01%增至1.57%时,该装配式桥墩的水平承载能力和残余位移相比原配筋试件性能有较明显的提升。 相似文献
7.
This study performed a bridge pier collar comparison for the purpose of reducing scour,while introducing a new collar design.The new collar,referred to as Collar Prototype Number 3,was designed based on an equilibrium scour hole and provides a method of controlling the horseshoe vortex.Numerical modelling was utilized to show the flow field and bed shear stress as a result of using Collar Prototype Number 3.A prototype model of Collar Prototype Number 3 and a flat plate collar were constructed f... 相似文献
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9.
Various methods to control scour around bridge piers have been proposed.In the present study the application of cable or collar and a combination of cable and collar were examined experimentally,as countermeasures against local scouring at a smooth circular bridge pier,close to threshold flow conditions of initiation of uniform sediment motion.The results show that the simultaneous use of cable and collar has high efficiency in reducing the scour depth.The best configuration was found for a cable-pier diameter ratio of 0.15 and thread angle of 15°,in which the scour depth in upstream of the pier reduced to about 53%.In the case of a pier protected with cable and collar the scouring postponed more than pier protected with collar and the rate of scouring is less than in pier protected with collar.These advantages can reduce the risk of pier failure when the duration of flood is short. The results indicate that the scour reduction increases as the cable diameter increased and the thread angle decreased. 相似文献
10.
我国铁路桥梁普遍采用少筋混凝土重力式桥墩（配筋率<0.5%）,现有普通钢筋混凝土结构的延性抗震理论不适用于该类型桥墩。为了促进我国铁路重力式桥墩抗震理论的发展,详细论述了我国少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的研究现状和存在问题。首先,对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏特征及破坏机理进行了总结;其次,分析了各参数对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响;再次,对目前少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法进行了汇总与分析;最后,对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的数值分析模型进行了归纳与分析。通过对现有研究的汇总发现:目前对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的试验研究主要以拟静力方法为主,还缺少振动台试验研究其动力状态下的破坏机理及抗震性能;少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏机理及其与各影响因素之间的定量关系还不明确;已提出的少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法存在塑性铰区计算不合理等问题,还需要进一步的完善。为少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震研究提供了方向。 相似文献
11.
A. H. CARDOSO J. S. SANTOS M. ROCA EFFECTS OF FLOW INTENSITY OBSTACLE ALIGNMENT CROSS-SECTION GEOMETRY ON SCOUR AT BRIDGE ABUTMENTS A. H. CARDOSO J. S. SANTOS M. ROCA EFFECTS OF FLOW INTENSITY OBSTACLE ALIGNMENT CROSS-SECTIO 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(2)
1 INTRODUCTION Local scour at bridge piers and abutments has long concerned engineers. Scour depth estimation has attracted considerable research interest and activity, and a number of prediction methods exist at present (see, e.g., comprehensive lists of predictors given by Melville and Colleman, 2000). Several studies have been completed since the 1950s for the particular case of scour at bridge abutments. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the University of Auckland, New Zealand, … 相似文献
12.
为探究局部锈蚀矩形截面钢筋混凝土（RC）桥墩重度震损加固后的抗震性能,本文对拟静力破坏后的6个矩形截面RC桥墩试件进行扩大截面加固。通过加载试验,对加固桥墩试件从破坏形态、滞回特性、水平承载力、位移延性、侧向刚度以及耗能等方面进行了系统分析。结果表明:相比于普通箍筋,横向施加预应力的改进扩大截面加固方式对破坏后桥墩试件的抗震性能修复成效更佳;在同等位移幅值下,锈蚀率不断增大,桥墩试件抗震性能呈现逐渐降低的趋势;钢筋锈蚀位置上移,加固后桥墩试件的抗震性能提升;轴压比加大,加固后桥墩试件承载力和侧向刚度增大,但延性降低。 相似文献
13.
以美国西部地区某斜交公路连续刚构桥为研究对象，研究其不等高墩易损性差异以及斜交角的改变对桥墩地震易损性的影响。考虑桥梁结构参数和地震动的不确定性，选取100条地震动，沿纵桥向输入，生成"结构-地震动"样本库，以地震动峰值加速度（PGA）为强度指标（IM），利用OpenSees软件对结构进行非线性时程分析得到桥墩动力响应，而后以桥墩曲率延性比衡量桥梁破坏状态，在确定桥墩损伤指标的基础上，采用可靠度理论得到各桥墩的地震易损性曲线，判断桥墩的损伤模式、损伤特点。在此基础上，改变桥梁斜交角度进行易损性分析，得到斜交角变化对桥墩地震易损性的影响。研究表明：该桥最矮墩发生损伤的概率大于其他桥墩，桥墩最先进入塑性的是墩顶和墩底区域；不同斜交角对桥墩的地震响应影响显著，各墩损伤破坏排序与斜交桥结构构造特点有关，同一排架墩的两侧墩柱易损性呈现与角度变化趋势相反的排列，损伤越严重，趋势越明显；对于此不等高的斜交刚构桥，最矮墩为其抗震薄弱环节，斜交角越大，越应该关注钝角处矮墩的损伤情况，并提高其设计标准，在进行斜交刚构桥抗震设计中应予以重视。 相似文献
14.
This paper presents the results of comprehensive laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of hooked-collar on the scour development around a vertical pier with a lenticular cross section. The flow around the pier was uniform, steady, and under the clear-water condition. The axial scour profiles for cases without and with a lenticular hooked-collar were measured and the effects of hooked-collar dimensions and elevation from the bed were examined. To compute the efficiency of hooked-colla... 相似文献
15.
SCOUR MITIGATION AT BRIDGE PIERS USING SACRIFICIAL PILES 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To mitigate scour around bridge piers, sacrificial piles are economic method where natural processes are involved. The arrangement should be such that scoured materials from the sacrificial piles should have enough volume to fill the scour hole created upstream of the pier in such a way that sediments are trapped inside the scour hole. This concept differs from earlier study made with sacrificial piles that mainly deals to reduce the strength of horseshoe vortex. To determine the effect of sacrificial piles for scour mitigation, alternative arrangements of piles were tested in front of a rectangular pier under clear-water condition and found that when the group of piles is placed at a distance of twice the projected width of the pier, for which percentage of blockage of the pier width is 60%, the scour volume can be reduced upto 61% while the maximum scour depth can be reduced upto 50%. 相似文献
16.
为研究斜腿夹角对V形墩连续刚构桥地震响应的影响及合理斜腿夹角角度,以一座典型V形墩预应力混凝土连续刚构桥为研究对象,采用有限元分析方法研究了斜腿夹角θ对桥梁内力及位移的影响,得出了θ对结构地震响应的影响规律和变化曲线。研究结果表明:随着斜腿夹角的增加,在纵向地震力作用下,墩底纵向弯矩逐渐减小,墩顶和主梁墩顶支撑处纵向弯矩逐渐增大;在横向地震力作用下,跨中横向弯矩逐渐减小,墩底横向弯矩逐渐增大,墩顶横向弯矩基本不变;在竖向地震力作用下,墩底和墩顶竖向弯矩逐渐增大,主梁支撑处竖向弯矩逐渐减小;斜腿夹角对纵向或横向地震力作用下结构位移影响不大,对竖向地震力作用下的位移影响较大。在满足静力设计的前提下,当两斜腿夹角为90°时,结构地震响应相对较小,受力合理性最优。研究成果可为该类桥梁的抗震设计与斜腿夹角角度选取提供参考和依据。 相似文献
17.
浅平基桥墩在承受强震作用时其基础与地基之间会发生提离,地基土会进入塑性状态。同时,当结构遭遇设防烈度地震或罕遇地震时,结构往往处于非线性状态,这都会导致桥梁的严重破坏。本文以兰州小西湖黄河大桥为工程背景,采用场地超越概率为10%人工地震波,研究了在弹塑性Winkler地基上同时考虑桥墩塑性时的结构地震反应。通过非线性时程反应分析得到:考虑地基和桥墩的非线性使得桥墩墩顶的位移增大,墩底弯矩减小,这对保护桥墩是有利的;同时得到,小西湖黄河大桥当遭遇罕遇地震(大震)时桥墩已进入屈服,但其屈服曲率不到破坏曲率的1/2,该桥能够满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的设计目标。 相似文献
18.
为克服利用OpenSEES进行预制拼装桥墩纤维模型分析时干接缝区域模拟困难的问题,提出一种由刚性单元、非线性梁柱单元、零长度单元配合ENT单压材料组成的干接缝单元。通过基于干接缝单元的纤维模型数值模拟结果与文献中的1:3.5缩尺桥墩拟静力试验结果对比发现:该干接缝单元不仅解决了墩身混凝土压溃带来的模型不收敛问题,而且考虑了墩身节段宽度对干接缝区域的影响,使预制拼装桥墩干接缝处的力学性能更接近实际的力学性能;数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好证明了该干接缝单元用于模拟预制拼装桥墩干接缝区域的可行性。在此基础上设置耗能钢筋、外包钢管和墩底橡胶支承垫层作为桥墩附加耗能装置,对预制拼装桥墩进行拟静力循环加载模拟,研究不同耗能装置对预制拼装桥墩的滞回能力、预应力筋内力、累积耗能、残余位移以及等效刚度等性能参数的影响。结果表明:设置耗能钢筋和外包钢管可以显著提高预制拼装桥墩的耗能能力、水平承载力和刚度,降低预应力损失;设置墩底橡胶支承垫层也能提高预制拼装桥墩的耗能能力,但会降低桥墩的水平承载力和刚度,应根据桥墩自身刚度谨慎选择橡胶垫层的刚度。 相似文献
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This paper deals with the assessment of the seismic response of a portal frame pier belonging to an old reinforced concrete viaduct. A series of tests, consisting of cyclically imposed displacements, were carried out on three 1:4 scale mock‐ups. The objective of the experimental campaign is twofold: (1) identification and evaluation of the local failure mechanisms and (2) calibration of a numerical model including all observed nonlinear phenomena. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the transverse beam and of the beam–column joints characterizes the post‐elastic behavior of the piers. Other phenomena, like bond‐slip and buckling of the longitudinal bars of the columns, typical of old reinforced concrete structures have also been observed. Finally, a numerical model, built in OpenSEES, was calibrated to reproduce in a satisfactory way the experimental results and to provide a reliable tool for the evaluation of the seismic response of the pier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
为探究锈蚀钢筋混凝土(RC)桥墩在非正交水平荷载下的抗震性能,设计制作了4个不同加载角度构件进行拟静力实验,并利用OpenSees软件构建非线性有限元纤维模型,分析不同地震动入射角对其地震易损性的影响。结果发现：拟静力实验中,加载角度偏近弱轴,最大侧向力和屈服强度降低,达到最大侧向力的位移和屈服位移减小,极限强度降低,刚度和耗能能力下降,抗震性能减弱,但对位移延性系数影响较小;易损性分析发现：RC桥墩不同破坏状态对应的失效概率随PGA增大而增大。在PGA不变时,相同破坏状态下的失效概率随地震动入射角度由强轴趋向弱轴而增大。所做工作能为锈蚀RC桥墩的地震风险评估提供试验基础。 相似文献