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中国锰矿成矿规律初探-陈毓川院士八十华诞专辑 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5.中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或“层控”型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型.其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4％,表生型占15.7％,是最主要的两种类型.中国锰矿广泛分布于“泛扬子区”、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以“泛扬子区”为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征.中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代.中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是“北锰南迁”:中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于“泛扬子区”的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中.大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性. 相似文献
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国外锰矿资源、类型、地质特征及其对我国锰矿找矿的借鉴 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文所论述的内容限于陆地范围的锰矿床。世界锰矿资源达70亿吨,主要分布在南非、苏联,其次为澳大利亚、加蓬、巴西、印度、墨西哥和加纳等。世界重要锰矿床约150个,其超过1亿吨储量的有11处。本文据成矿作用、含锰建造、锰质来源及成矿条件等因素,将锰矿床分为5大类11个类型:海相沉积矿床(碎屑泥质岩型、碳酸盐岩型)、火山沉积矿床(绿岩硅质岩型、斑岩硅质岩型)、变质矿床(锰榴石英岩型或条带状含铁建造型)、热液矿床(接触交代型、裂隙充填型)和风化矿床(锰帽型、残积型、淋滤型),并综合其地质特征分列成表,各类型借以典型实例精要叙述。据世界锰矿资源、矿床类型、成矿时代,地质特征和控矿因素等特点,对我国锰矿找矿工作可引以为诫的是要注意前寒武纪(早元古代)变质锰矿床矿化信息的捕捉,要注意老第三纪(主要渐新世)地台型海相泥质岩型锰矿化线索的探寻,要重视火山沉积型锰矿的找矿,要继续加强表生风化型锰矿床的找矿和要注意铁、锰、铜和金矿的综合找矿。 相似文献
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鄂东北地区红安群地层里广泛发育锰矿床（如鹰咀山、四方山-团山沟和孙冲等锰矿床）,目前对该类锰矿床的成因研究相对较为薄弱。本文以鄂东北地区鹰咀山锰矿床为研究对象,在详细论述其矿床地质特征基础上,对其进行矿物学及地球化学研究,认为鹰咀山锰矿床属于沉积变质型锰矿床。其形成后经抬升剥蚀至地表,遭受了表生氧化作用。锰成矿过程可分为3个期次：第1期为沉积成岩成矿期,锰矿物由菱锰矿、锰方解石及锰白云石组成;第2期为变质改造期,锰矿物主要由重结晶菱锰矿、黑锰矿及锰铝榴石等矿物组成;第3期为表生氧化期,锰矿物则主要由硬锰矿、软锰矿及锰钡矿等矿物组成。鹰咀山锰成矿物质来源应主要来自火山喷发和海底热液喷流作用。 相似文献
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鄂东北地区红安群地层里广泛发育锰矿床（如鹰咀山、四方山-团山沟和孙冲等锰矿床）,目前对该类锰矿床的成因研究相对较为薄弱。本文以鄂东北地区鹰咀山锰矿床为研究对象,在详细论述其矿床地质特征基础上,对其进行矿物学及地球化学研究,认为鹰咀山锰矿床属于沉积变质型锰矿床。其形成后经抬升剥蚀至地表,遭受了表生氧化作用。锰成矿过程可分为3个期次：第1期为沉积成岩成矿期,锰矿物由菱锰矿、锰方解石及锰白云石组成;第2期为变质改造期,锰矿物主要由重结晶菱锰矿、黑锰矿及锰铝榴石等矿物组成;第3期为表生氧化期,锰矿物则主要由硬锰矿、软锰矿及锰钡矿等矿物组成。鹰咀山锰成矿物质来源应主要来自火山喷发和海底热液喷流作用。 相似文献
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我国的凹凸棒石粘土矿床发现较晚,虽对矿床成因类型已有划分,但由于划分依据不明确,划分方案一直存在争议。本文通过分析我国凹凸棒石粘土矿床相关资料,提出矿床成因类型划分的依据,首次将我国凹凸棒石粘土矿床(点)的成因划分为沉积型、热液型和风化型三种类型及内陆湖泊火山—沉积亚型、内陆湖泊碎屑沉积亚型、内陆湖泊化学沉积亚型、海相沉积亚型,岩浆热液亚型、地下水热液亚型、构造动力变质热液亚型、混合热液亚型,风化淋滤亚型和风化残积亚型等10种亚型。首次提出构造动力变质热液亚型,对凹凸棒石粘土矿床的成矿理论研究和拓展找矿具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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湖南省锰矿开采历史悠久。已发现的锰矿成因类型有：海相沉积锰矿床（占全省保有储量５３．３９％）、沉积受变质锰矿床（占４．７％）、层控铅锌铁锰矿床（占２６．２８％）、风化锰矿床（占８．８７％）。湖南锰矿以碳酸锰贫矿为主，贫中找富是主要找矿方向。中列举了主攻的找矿类型和工作方法。 相似文献
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新疆金矿床的成因类型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
据适度成矿环境，将新疆金矿床分为动力变质环境金矿、火山环境金矿、中酸性小岩体侵入环境金矿和表生沉积环境金矿等４大类，韧性剪切带型、蚀变碎裂岩型、火山复成热液型、火山热水沉积型、矽卡岩型、复生热液脉型、残坡积型和冲洪积型等８种金矿床．并讨论了其成矿规律，指出了找矿方向． 相似文献
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非洲锰矿床成矿规律、开发利用与勘查建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锰矿是我国重要的战略矿产资源,需求量不断增长,长期依赖国外资源保障供需关系。本文总结分析了非洲锰矿资源的特点、矿床类型与成矿规律等地质特征与勘查开发利用及贸易现状。分析表明：非洲是全球探明锰矿储量和资源量最多的地区,具有分布集中,规模大、品位高、杂质少的特点;锰矿床类型主要有条带状含铁建造（BIF）型、海相沉积型、海相火山-沉积型、陆相（湖相三角洲）沉积型、岩浆热液型等五大类,普遍遭受表生风化淋滤（溶蚀）作用改造;主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通西北部的加蓬地块和西非克拉通南缘的马恩-莱奥地盾中;成矿时代主要集中于前寒武纪,尤其是2.2~2.0Ga;非洲锰矿资源的勘查开发程度较高,其中南非是非洲锰矿勘查程度最高的国家,中非、北非国家的勘查开发程度较低;南非是全球最大的锰矿石生产国和锰矿产品出口国,目前占全球出口量的68.19%以上,我国是非洲锰矿产的最大出口地,占其出口总量的70.19%。建议：我国在非洲的勘查应重点关注非洲中部的条带状含铁建造（BIF）型锰矿和海相火山-沉积型锰矿;在非洲已有的中企基础上,组建大型的集团公司,建立多元的锰矿资源供应体系。 相似文献
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A Mesoarchean greenstone belt (3.5–3.0 Ga) in the western part of the East Indian Shield comprising the Iron Ore Group of the Noamundi basin contains economic resources of both iron and manganese ores in the NNE plunging regional synclinorium. Manganese mineralization in the central and eastern parts of this synclinorium, particularly in Joda–Noamundi sector, has taken place in multiple cycles starting from syngenetic sedimentary and exhalative type through mobilization and remobilization in different stages of tectonism, deformation and hydrothermal activities to latest lateritic or supergene type. A relatively high temperature metamorphic jacobsite–hausmannite–bixbyite–braunite assemblage, low temperature hydrothermal pyrolusite–psilomelane–hollandite assemblage and supergene pyrolusite–manganomelane–groutite–polianite assemblage are present and were formed by recycling of manganese in different stages of mineralization. A detailed structural study of the manganese ore bodies as well as their ore petrographic and mineralogical characteristics with mineral chemistry has revealed systematic mineralization and their relation to deformational phases. Such recycling of manganese and its structural control of mineralization in different phases is unique of its kind in comparison with other Archean manganese deposits in the world. 相似文献
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High-grade fault-hosted manganese deposits at the Woodie Woodie Mine, East Pilbara, are predominantly hydrothermal in origin with a late supergene overprint. The dominant manganese minerals are pyrolusite, braunite, and cryptomelane. The ore bodies are located on, or near the unconformities between the Neoarchean Carawine Dolomite and the Paleoproterozoic Pinjian Chert breccia (weathering product of Carawine Dolomite), and sedimentary units of the overlying ca 1300–1100 Ma Manganese Group. Stratabound manganese is typically located above or adjacent to steep fault-hosted manganese. The ore bodies range in size from 0.2 to 5.5 Mt with an average of 0.5 Mt. Historically, over 35 Mt of manganese has been mined at Woodie Woodie, and current ore resources are 29.94 Mt at 39.94% Mn, 6.96% Fe (resource and reserves statement, June 2011, Consolidated Minerals Pty Ltd).Manganese mineralization at Woodie Woodie is related to northwest–southeast directed extension and basin formation during the Mesoproterozoic. Basin architecture is generally well preserved and major manganese occurrences are localised along growth faults which down-throw the Pinjian Chert Breccia into local extensional basins. Manganese ore bodies are typically located on steep 2nd and 3rd order structures that extend off the major growth faults. Mineralized structures display a dominant northeast-trend reflecting the direction of maximum dilation during northwest–southeast extension.A paragenetic sequence is identified for the manganese ore at Woodie Woodie, with early hydrothermal braunite–pyrolusite–cryptomelane–todorokite–hausmannite, overprinted by late supergene oxides. Preliminary fluid inclusion studies in quartz crystals intergrown with pyrolusite and cryptomelane indicate that primary and pseudosecondary inclusions display a range of salinities from 1 to 18 eq. wt.% NaCl and trapping temperatures estimated to be from 220º to 290º at 1 kbar pressure.A lead–manganese oxide (coronadite) is common in manganese ores at Woodie Woodie, and Pb-isotope studies of 40 lead-rich ore samples from 16 pits indicate mineralization occurred within an age range of 955–1100 Ma. A mixed source is suggested for the lead, but was predominantly basalts and/or volcanogenic sedimentary units (e.g., Jeerinah Formation) of the ca 2700 Ma Fortescue Group. The typically high Mn:Fe ratios and enrichment in elements such as Pb, As, Cu, Mo, Zn are consistent with a dominantly hydrothermal origin for the manganese at Woodie Woodie. Supergene manganese is distinguished from hypogene manganese by a marked enrichment in REE in the supergene manganese.An early structural framework, established during Neoarchean rifting, provides a major structural control on manganese ore distribution. The Woodie Woodie mine corridor is located in a zone of oblique strike-slip extension on major northwest-trending transform faults and north-trending oblique normal faults. A major transform structure at the southern end of the Woodie Woodie mine corridor (Jewel-Southwest Fault Zone) likely acted as a major fluid conduit for manganese-bearing hydrothermal fluids and this would account for the concentration of significant manganese ore occurrences to the north and south of this structure. 相似文献
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鄂东北早元古代沉积变质锰矿是我国时代最古老的锰矿之一,是由早元古代锰质碳酸盐岩经区域变质作用而成,后又经风化富集形成工业矿床。由于特殊的地质构造背景和成矿作用的多阶段性,元素和矿物组合复杂,具有独特性。本文研究了各种组分的演变关系和元素集散因素,为锰质碳酸盐岩在高压绿片岩相区域动力变质及其后表生作用中的演变提供了一个实例。 相似文献
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V. N. Kuleshov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(5):473-493
Major regularities in the formation of manganese rocks and ores have been established on the basis of available published
and original data. The proposed genetic classification of main manganese deposits (with model examples) is as follows: sedimentary-diagenetic
(Nikopol, Bol’she-Tokmak; Ukraine), (volcanogenic) hydrothermal-sedimentary (deposits of the Atasui area, Kazakhstan; Magnitogorsk
Trough, South Urals), epigenetic (catagenetic) (deposits of the Kalahari manganese ore field, South Africa; Usinsk deposit,
Kuznetsk Alatau), and supergene (residual, infiltrational, cavern filling, and pisolitic deposits in India, Brazil, South
Africa, and Australia). The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) all primary manganese rocks and ores at the known
deposits are hydrothermal- and diagenetic-sedimentary formations of marine environments; (2) manganese concentrations achieve
the size of deposits at postsedimentary stages of the initial manganiferous sediment and manganese rock transformation (diagenesis,
catagenesis, and retrograde diagenesis); (3) indispensable participation of the isotopically light carbon dioxide related
to the destruction of organic matter (OM) is a characteristic feature of manganese carbonate formation during diagenesis;
and (4) the role of organic carbon in manganese ore formation becomes notable since early stages of Mn accumulation in the
Precambrian sedimentary basins (terminal Archean-initial Early Proterozoic). 相似文献
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湘中奥陶纪沉积锰矿带位于湖南省安化县、桃江县、宁乡县境内,呈近EW向展布,矿带内锰矿以质量好而著称。该成矿带的成锰沉积盆地受控于加里东期张性断裂系统,为一断陷盆地。盆地内发育一组NW向同沉积断裂,形成了一系列断陷槽,控制了沉积岩相的分布。锰矿主要产于盆地中心亚相的黑色页岩夹碳酸锰矿微相内。据矿带中锰矿的地质和地球化学特征以及微量元素和碳、氧、锶同位素组成,笔者认为,该锰矿属于热水沉积成因。综合对比表明,该成矿带具有良好的成矿条件和值得注意的资源潜力,有可能发展为大型锰成矿带。 相似文献
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琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带资源特征与潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带含广西壮族自治区东南部分地区、广东省西南部分地区以及海南省全部。该区位于欧亚板块、印度板块和太平洋板块接合区。大地构造属于武夷云开岛弧系。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,并命名为琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带。本区成矿地质条件优越,矿产丰富多彩。目前已涌现像抱伦金矿、富湾铅锌银矿、大降坪硫铁矿为代表的一大批大型、超大型矿床。对本成矿带的矿床成矿特征进行了研究,划分了14个成矿系列,建立了成矿谱系,并对资源潜力进行了评价。研究区主要矿床类型为沉积变质型、热水沉积型、热液脉型、接触交代型、斑岩型和表生型。成矿受构造作用影响明显。在此基础上,部署了广东云浮地区金、银、铁矿重点远景区、广西陆川地区金银一般远景区、海南石碌铁、金矿一般远景区。为指导本区勘查工作提供了依据。 相似文献