共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 12 毫秒
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Arzu Çöltekin Rebecca Francelet Kai-Florian Richter John Thoresen Sara Irina Fabrikant 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(4):339-353
We report on how visual realism might influence map-based route learning performance in a controlled laboratory experiment with 104 male participants in a competitive context. Using animations of a dot moving through routes of interest, we find that participants recall the routes more accurately with abstract road maps than with more realistic satellite maps. We also find that, irrespective of visual realism, participants with higher spatial abilities (high-spatial participants) are more accurate in memorizing map-based routes than participants with lower spatial abilities (low-spatial participants). On the other hand, added visual realism limits high-spatial participants in their route recall speed, while it seems not to influence the recall speed of low-spatial participants. Competition affects participants’ overall confidence positively, but does not affect their route recall performance neither in terms of accuracy nor speed. With this study, we provide further empirical evidence demonstrating that it is important to choose the appropriate map type considering task characteristics and spatial abilities. While satellite maps might be perceived as more fun to use, or visually more attractive than road maps, they also require more cognitive resources for many map-based tasks, which is true even for high-spatial users. 相似文献
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当前示意性地图表达主要针对公共交通网络,缺乏对道路地图示意性表达可用性评估研究。本文选取景区和街道两个典型道路场景,采用最新的自动示意化方法生成示意地图,以主观问卷调查结合客观眼动试验的方式,评估道路地图示意性表达的可用性。试验结果表明:①示意性表达能够提升道路地图的简化度、清晰度及用户满意度,尤其对于原始道路形状较为复杂的情况;②示意地图中路径形状简化会造成不同路径感知长度差异的改变,从而影响到人们路径抉择行为;③对于路径示意性结果增加了道路网密集程度的情况,会降低示意地图认知效率。本文研究成果有助于道路地图自动示意性表达规则完善和方法优化,能够进一步提升地图示意性表达的实用性。 相似文献
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Spatial decision-making in time-critical situations requires effective and usable two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) cartographic products. Holographic displays allow decision makers to work with auto-stereoscopic maps without the hassle of interacting with complex user interfaces or additional vision hardware. Holographic production processes have advanced greatly in a short period and now support timely and full integration of digital 3D models in geospatial holograms. George Mason University’s and Zebra Imaging’s research on interactive holographic motion displays showcases the leadership in moving cartography and geovisualization research in the US forward. In close cooperation with academic researchers, decision makers, and domain experts, the usability and usefulness of these cartographic products is tested and design guidelines for effective geospatial holograms are being developed. 相似文献
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满丹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(5)
交通标线,作为道路上重要的交通标识,为司机和行人提供重要的引导信息。车载激光扫描系统(车载LiDAR)可以快速获得被测目标的表面三维坐标信息,为提取高精度三维交通标线提供了可靠数据源。本文通过分析道路点云数据的平面距离、点云强度、点云密度等特征,将点云数据归化成地理参考强度图像。针对生成的二维参考图像,充分借鉴图像处理中目标分类与识别的手段,将交通标线信息准确提取出来。实验表明,该方法可行、有效。 相似文献
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以单镜头四旋翼小型无人机为试验设备,针对复杂山地地区单一、高落差滑坡体,本文提出采用面向滑坡体立面航线规划,结合传统单水平航线、井字形交叉航线规划,构建不同航线下的三维模型。通过重叠度、三维模型完整性、布设地面标靶分析三维模型精度3个方面,对不同航线下构建三维模型的方法进行评价分析。试验结果表明,采用立面航线能达到98.72%航向重叠度和88.82%旁向重叠度;采用立面航线得到的模型纹理细节、颜色信息和地面信息的丰富程度均优于传统两者航线所得到的;通过地面标靶的测量误差计算,采用立面航线得到的模型精度更高。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):61-75
We provide a research agenda for the International Cartographic Association's Commission on Visualization and Virtual Environment Working Group on Cognitive and Usability Issues in Geovisualization. Developments in hardware and software have led to (and will continue to stimulate) numerous novel methods for visualizing geospatial data. It is our belief that these novel methods will be of little use if they are not developed within a theoretical cognitive framework and iteratively tested using usability engineering principles. We argue that cognitive and usability issues should be considered in the context of six major research themes: 1) geospatial virtual environments (GeoVEs); 2) dynamic representations (including animated and interactive maps); 3) metaphors and schemata in user interface design; 4) individual and group differences; 5) collaborative geovisualization; and 6) evaluating the effectiveness of geovisualization methods. A key point underlying our use of theoretical cognitive principles is that traditional cognitive theory for static two-dimensional maps may not be applicable to interactive three-dimensional immersive GeoVEs and dynamic representations—thus new cognitive theory may need to be developed. Usability engineering extends beyond the traditional cartographic practice of "user testing" by evaluating software effectiveness throughout a lifecycle (including design, development, and deployment). Applying usability engineering to geovisualization, however, may be problematic because of the novelty of geovisualization and the associated difficulty of defining the nature of users and their tasks. Tackling the research themes is likely to require an interdisciplinary effort involving geographic information scientists, cognitive scientists, usability engineers, computer scientists, and others. 相似文献
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倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为更好解决传统倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理过程中对三维采编环境的过度依赖，本文提出了一种基于倾斜摄影三角网络分析的实景模型悬空地物处理技术方法。该技术方法将三维三角网进行降维处理，通过分析降维后二维三角网节点上边线的辐射特性，快速定位地物边缘点，同时结合聚类分析算法、最小凸边提取等技术方式，实现对悬空地物边界的快速定位、消除。试验选取植被这类悬空地物作为研究对象，验证了文中的技术方法对倾斜摄影实景模型悬空地物处理具有较好的适用性，能极大降低倾斜摄影实景模型数据处理中对三维环境的要求，降低数据处理的难度。 相似文献
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在人群密集的大型楼宇,构建基于楼宇内部空间三维拓扑结构的逃生疏散路径,是当前路径规划算法研究的难点和热点。本文对当前常见的路径规划算法进行优劣对照比较,并详细阐述其在楼宇内部逃生疏散场景应用的算法思想和主要特征,最后总结了楼宇内部路径规划算法研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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The bus route map is a diagram that aims to convey necessary information for map readers to find an appropriate way of moving from an origin to a destination. Design of bus route map is a complicated and time-consuming task that requires careful consideration of readability and aesthetics. This paper proposes a new computational method for designing bus route maps. The method helps us to reduce six types of undesirable elements in bus route maps, i.e., gap, shift, crossing, overlap, misalignment, and acute bend. The method consists of two phases: line layout phase determines the relative order of bus routes on each road segment and map layout phase calculates the actual position of bus routes drawn on a map. This paper applies the method to the design of bus route maps of Chiba City, Japan. The result supports the effectiveness of the method as well as reveals open topics for future research. 相似文献
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提出一种新的激光扫描点云与数字影像结合的文物三维重建方法。利用格网板进行数码相机的标定获取影像的内方位元素；利用激光扫描数据，建立三角网物体表面模型；利用人工选取控制点，进行单片空间后方交会，获取影像的外方位元素；将三维表面模型投影到影像对象，利用影像匹配在现有的三角网内部继续通过影像匹配增加同名点，从而进行三角网的细分加密；最后通过OpenGL纹理映射建立带有逼真纹理的物体三维表面模型。 相似文献
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An algorithm for automatic extraction of pole-like street furniture objects using Mobile Laser Scanner data was developed and tested. The method consists in an initial simplification of the point cloud based on the regular voxelization of the space. The original point cloud is spatially discretized and a version of the point cloud whose amount of data represents 20–30% of the total is created. All the processes are carried out with the reduced version of the data, but the original point cloud is always accessible without any information loss, as each point is linked to its voxel. All the horizontal sections of the voxelized point cloud are analyzed and segmented separately. The two-dimensional fragments compatible with a section of a target pole are selected and grouped. Finally, the three-dimensional voxel representation of the detected pole-like objects is identified and the points from the original point cloud belonging to each pole-like object are extracted.The algorithm can be used with data from any Mobile Laser Scanning system, as it transforms the original point cloud and fits it into a regular grid, thus avoiding irregularities produced due to point density differences within the point cloud.The algorithm was tested in four test sites with different slopes and street shapes and features. All the target pole-like objects were detected, with the only exception of those severely occluded by large objects and some others which were either attached or too close to certain features. 相似文献
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Exploring differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation when using 2D maps and 3D geo-browsers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACTDespite the now-ubiquitous two-dimensional (2D) electronic maps, three-dimensional (3D) globe viewers, or 3D geo-browsers such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind have gained much attention. However, the effect of such interactive 3D geo-browsers on spatial knowledge acquisition and decision-making is not well known. This study aims to explore the potential benefits of using interactive 3D geo-browsers in three processes of pedestrian navigation (self-localization, spatial knowledge acquisition, and decision-making) in digital environments. We employed eye tracking to show differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation between a 2D map (Google Map) and a 3D geo-browser (Google Earth). The results indicated that benefits and drawbacks of 3D representations are task dependent. Participants using the 3D geo-browser had an extensively visual search resulting in significantly longer response time than the 2D participants for spatial knowledge acquisition, whereas 3D users performed a more efficient visual search and resulted in a better navigation performance at complex decision points. We speculate that the inefficient knowledge acquisition when using the 3D geo-browser was most probably due to information overload and obstructed views. Landmarks in photorealistic 3D models assisted recall of spatial knowledge from mental maps, which contributed to efficient decision-making at a complex turning point. These empirical results can be helpful to improve the usability of pedestrian navigation systems. 相似文献
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多分辨率特征融合的光学遥感图像目标检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高分辨率遥感图像目标检测是计算机视觉的一个重要研究领域,在民用与军事领域具有重要的应用价值。目前,基于深度学习的自然图像目标检测有了突破性进展。但是,由于遥感图像具有目标尺度差异大且类间相似度高的特点,使得处理自然图像的目标检测算法直接应用于遥感图像时仍面临着一些挑战。针对上述挑战,本文提出一种多分辨率特征融合的遥感图像目标检测方法。首先,通过特征金字塔提取多尺度特征图并在其后嵌入多分辨率特征提取网络,促使网络学习目标在不同分辨率下的特征,缩小不同特征层之间的语义差距。其次,为实现多分辨特征的有效融合,本文采用自适应特征融合模块挖掘更具判别性的多分辨特征表达。最后,将自适应特征融合模块的输出特征的相邻层进行深度融合。在公开的遥感图像目标检测数据集DIOR和DOTA上评估了本文方法的有效性,相比采用特征金字塔结构的Faster R-CNN,本文方法的准确率(mAP)分别提高2.5%和2.2%。 相似文献
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控制点布设对冰川区无人机摄影测量精度的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
冰川监测是冰冻圈科学研究中的一项重要基础内容,获取高质量冰川DEM和DOM数据是研究的基础。随着无人机技术的兴起,给冰川监测提供了全新的技术手段,然而冰川区开展无人机摄影测量时,地面控制点的布设与测量成为能否获取高精度数据产品的关键,而山地冰川往往伴随着地形复杂,行走困难,野外实地测量难以全面实施等不利因素。本研究中以位于祁连山西段大雪山地区的老虎沟12号冰川末端部分为研究区域,设计实施了多种控制点布设方案,使用低空微型无人机飞行3个架次,获取研究区航摄影像。通过对比控制点在不同分布情况及数量情况下,DEM和DOM数据检查点的精度,评价不同控制点布设方案的可行性。对比结果显示,在航飞过程中使用单格网模式即可获取高精度的影像数据;实施地面控制作业时,使用5—7个控制点均匀分布在测量区即可获取较高精度的图像数据;当冰川区不能满足均匀布设控制点时,可沿冰川主流线布设足够数量的控制点,所得图像精度也可以满足冰川学研究要求;若只能在冰川中下部或者中上部布设控制点,则控制点应覆盖冰面起伏较大的区域。 相似文献
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Monsak Socharoentum 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):33-43
Web Mapping APIs (WMAs), such as Google Maps API, are widely used by researchers across different fields to develop geospatial Web applications. Among maps and map functionalities provided through WMAs, route and direction are prominent and commonly available. Given that each WMA uses a different map database and a different set of assumptions, the routes they generate, for the same pairs of origin and destination addresses, are different. Considering the current void in literature on WMAs and the routes they generate, in this paper, select common WMAs are compared and analyzed based on their routing techniques. The results of these comparisons will benefit researchers by helping them better understand the behavior of WMAs in producing routes, which in turn can be used for selecting suitable WMAs for research projects or developing applications (such as navigation and location-based services). The process in which routes are evaluated can also be used as a guideline to help researchers explore behavior of WMAs in generating routes. 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Baker Andrew C. Johnson Caitlin N. Callahan Heather L. Petcovic 《制图学和地理信息科学》2016,43(2):176-187
Topographic maps and aerial photographs are particularly useful when geoscientists are faced with fieldwork tasks such as selecting paths for observation, establishing sampling schemes, or defining field regions. These types of images are crucial in bedrock geologic mapping, a cognitively complex field-based problem-solving task. Geologic mapping requires the geologist to correctly identify rock types and three-dimensional bedrock structures from often partial or poor-quality outcrop data while navigating through unfamiliar terrain. This paper compares the walked routes of novice to expert geologists working in the field (n = 66) with the results of a route planning and navigation survey of a similar population of geologists (n = 77). Results show clearly that those geologists with previous mapping experience make quick and decisive determinations about field areas from available imagery and maps, regardless of whether they are or not physically present in the field area. Recognition of geologic features enabled experts to form and verbalize a specific plan for travel through a landscape based on those features. Novices were less likely to develop specific travel route plans and were less likely to identify critical landscape cues from aerial photographs. 相似文献
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分析了当前海底三维建模流程中的关键技术,为建模人员提供指导。海底三维建模方法分为基于图像内容建模和基于点状地形数据建模。前者模型精确,视觉效果较好,但建模速度较慢,适合于小范围建模;后者建模速度较快,且满足海底大范围三维建模的精度要求。在海底三维建模中,对于小物件,采用基于图像的建模方法,而大范围的海底地形,采用基于点状数据的建模方法。 相似文献