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冲绳海槽异常地幔与地壳性质的初步分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
东海冲绳海槽,位于琉球岛弧-海沟系的陆侧,为半深海弧后边缘地.近年来,国内外学者作了一系列实际调查和专门研究,极大地促进了对海槽地壳演化的认识.但在探讨海槽深部构造时,均未论证异常地幔的存在;在剖析槽底地壳性质时,认为已出现新生洋壳或认为属过渡型地壳,分歧存疑之处颇多.在板块大地构造框架中,普遍认为边缘盆地是弧后扩张(形成新洋壳)的产物,但在冲绳海槽,地壳厚度明显大于正常洋壳,拖网取样采获大量中酸性岩石,从而对海槽的扩张成因产生了种种疑问.本文将在前人工作基础上,试就上述问题展开讨论,进而确定冲绳海槽在洋盆演化阶段中的特殊位置. 相似文献
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东海莫霍面起伏与地壳减薄特征初步分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
收集、整理大量由地震剖面提供的沉积层厚度资料,得到东海沉积层等厚图。对完全布格重力异常进行沉积层重力效应改正后,得到剩余重力异常,利用地震资料揭示的莫霍面深度值来约束界面反演得到东海莫霍面埋深。结果表明,东海陆架盆地莫霍面深度在25～28 km之间平缓变化,地壳厚度为14～26 km,西厚东薄;冲绳海槽盆地莫霍面深度为16～26 km,地壳厚度为12～22 km,北厚南薄。东海陆架盆地东部与冲绳海槽盆地南部地壳减薄明显,拉张因子分别达到2.6和3。初步分析认为冲绳海槽地壳以过渡壳为主,并未形成洋壳。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
通过分析冲绳海槽及邻区自由空间重力异常和布格重力异常的分布特征,对其构造地质学意义进行了定性研究。冲绳海槽空间重力异常和布格重力异常较高,与其下地幔物质上涌引起的质量盈余有关;海底正向地形单元、基底隆起等具有较高的空间重力异常,而地壳浅部低密度岩浆房表现为较低的空间重力异常;布格重力异常及其上延结果反映了地壳厚度的变化,冲绳海槽地壳显著减薄,台湾地区地壳显著增厚;琉球岛弧及弧前布格重力异常受菲律宾海板片俯冲和岛弧地壳结构的共同影响,俯冲洋壳与琉球岛弧地壳的接触带位于琉球海沟以西,大致与120mGal布格重力异常等值线相对应。 相似文献
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广角反射/折射地震探测是研究冲绳海槽地壳结构与性质的有效方法。通过收集整理冲绳海槽及邻区广角反射/折射地震研究成果,对冲绳海槽地壳结构性质进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽地壳厚度较薄,绝大部分地区属于减薄的陆壳,但局部已出现洋壳;海槽北、中、南三段处于不同的构造演化阶段,地壳厚度、结构、减薄方式等存在较大差异;琉球俯冲带不同分段活动特征及构造应力场的不同是造成冲绳海槽地壳结构性质和构造演化南北差异的主要原因;冲绳海槽内洋壳局限于海槽中、南段轴部,在轴部地堑沿走向方向布设OBS测线将有助于进一步确定洋壳的存在。 相似文献
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东海磁场及磁性基底特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用东海及邻域最新的磁力异常数据,分析东海的磁场特征,并利用该磁力数据计算东海的磁性基底界面,分析解释磁性界面的特征及地质特征。研究表明,从陆区、陆架盆地到冲绳海槽中部,磁力异常呈正负相间变化,最大值出现在福建沿海地区;磁性基底深度在4～11km之间变化。从冲绳海槽中部到琉球群岛,磁异常从正磁异常变为负磁异常;磁性基底深度为7～12km之间变化。从琉球弧前盆地到琉球海沟,磁力异常为正负相间变化,中部磁异常为负值,两侧异常为正值;磁性基底深度为7.5～11km之间变化。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽热流值的分析及其地质解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
冲绳海槽南起我国台湾省东北角,东临琉球岛弧,西接东海陆架.本文利用冲绳海槽的热流值进行了数理计算,得出该海槽的年龄为5.3百万年.根据海槽及邻区的地质-地球物理资料进行了分析和解释. 相似文献
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琉球海沟构造地貌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琉球海沟位于西北太平洋,与琉球岛弧和冲绳海槽同属于一个沟弧盆体系。它紧贴琉球岛弧东侧,与琉球岛弧平行延伸,长约１３５０ｋｍ,水深５０００～６０００ｍ,最大水深７８８１ｍ。其地貌明显地受构造因素控制。中新世以来,西北菲律宾海板块插入亚洲板块之下,琉球岛弧隆起,形成不对称的“Ｖ”型深海沟。海沟西坡（岛坡）陡,并受众多的横断裂切割,坡上有众多的北西—南东向的海底沟谷,还有北东—南西向的陡崖。坡间水深１５００～４０００ｍ之间为宽阔的由玄武岩质火山岩构成的阶地面,其上有浊流沉积。岛坡经多个陡崖,急倾至海沟底。东坡（洋坡）缓,是西北菲律宾海板块向琉球岛弧下插的一边,与大洋盆地相连。海沟的轴部是菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块俯冲会聚边界。由于断裂的割切,致使海沟底地貌复杂化。只在琉球海沟的中段,海沟深度超过６０００～７０００ｍ处深海沟构造地貌特征最为典型。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽断裂、岩浆构造活动和洋壳化进程 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
讨论了冲绳海槽断裂、岩浆构造活动特征和它们之间的关系,认为雁行排列的地堑斜交于陆架外缘隆起带,海槽北段断块隆脊、龙王构造带和海槽南段"棉花构造带"可能保留了海槽各幕断陷前的火山岩浆活动特征,而现在活动的吐噶喇火山岛弧可沿海槽南段岛坡追踪到台湾。吕宋岛向台湾的碰撞挤压引起的旋张活动加强了海槽南段的地壳拉张,诱发了地堑内火山岩浆活动,在洋壳化进程中起关键作用,其中最典型的八重山地堑已经形成洋壳。断裂和岩浆活动主要是单向地向岛弧侧迁移,由洋中脊扩张产生的对称条带状磁异常模式难以解释冲绳海槽的洋壳化进程。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽地壳结构的研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
根据1990年以来对冲绳海槽地质地球物理调查的最新实测资料,包括多道和单道反射地震、海底地震仪折射地震、重磁测量、水深测量、海底岩石拖网,结合国内外学者对冲绳海槽的调查研究成果,对冲绳海槽地壳结构进行了探讨,得出如下初步结论：（1）冲绳海槽是一个典型的发育在大陆地壳边缘、由陆壳张裂而成、处于裂谷作用最高演化阶段、洋壳即将产生、海底扩张即将出现的弧后活动裂谷。（2）根据火成岩发育、沉积层分布和地壳结构分析,冲绳海槽尚缺少已经开始“扩张”的证据,还不能确定海槽中央已经发育了大洋地壳。冲绳海槽目前仍属于拉薄的大陆地壳。（3）冲绳海槽作为一个浅海槽状地貌单元,形成于距今6Ma。作为一个弧后裂谷,自距今2Ma以来开始强烈的张裂活动。海槽中央张裂地堑（槽中槽）距今2Ma以来开始形成并逐渐发展。中央张裂地堑内的火成岩年龄不大于1Ma。因此,冲绳海槽是一个年青的、正在活动的弧后裂谷盆地。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献