共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
以江苏中部淤长型泥质潮滩为例,建立了基于过程的潮滩动力地貌演变数学模型,研究了在沿岸潮流作用、供沙充分情况下双凸形潮滩横剖面形成机制。在向岸方向,流速自潮下带至低潮位线附近急速减小,潮间带区域流速则缓慢减小,泥沙在流速急变区域迅速堆积形成上凸点。潮下带中部在小潮期的淤积量大于大潮期冲刷量,总体淤积率较高;加之潮间带中部较弱的落潮流不足以将其上风处底沙掀动并向海输运,导致落潮后期潮下带上部含沙量小、沉积率相对较低,最终在潮下带中部形成下凸点。随着滩面淤长抬升,上、下凸点位置逐步向高、低潮位线附近移动。与前人关于双凸形剖面形成机制的定性分析成果相比,尚有不一致之处,需通过现场观测等进一步探讨。 相似文献
2.
在江苏盐城川东港南侧潮滩设置了一系列水准桩,使用滩面高程观测仪对滩面高程进行7 a（2012年10月—2018年11月）的逐月现场观测,结合遥感资料获取米草前缘位置变化,探究淤泥质潮滩中长期演变规律及米草生长在潮滩地貌演变中的作用。结果表明:高滩区域地下过程（土体膨胀、压缩等）对滩面变化起控制作用;盐沼区米草生长促进滩面沉积,随米草前缘向海生长,盐沼中部区域年增长率降低,靠近米草前缘区域滩面年淤积量增加,但米草向海推进对光滩区域演变影响小;潮滩剖面自陆向海依次可分为基本稳定带、快速淤积带、基本稳定带、快速冲刷带,潮间带中部坡度逐步增大;滩涂面积保有量在2012—2018年观测时段内逐年降低。 相似文献
3.
通过近年来对江苏沿海有影响的台风暴潮作用前后的滩面高程观测,结合台风浪资料分析,探究了江苏中部沿海潮滩对风暴潮的响应过程。结果显示:潮滩剖面在风暴潮期间呈现"低滩侵蚀、沿岸输运、高滩稳定",明显区别于沙质海岸在台风浪作用下"高滩侵蚀、离岸输运、低滩淤积"的演变特征。应用Delft3D平面二维水沙动力数学模型,模拟了正常天气和台风浪情况下的滩面演变,从动力学角度解释了潮滩间不同区域演变特征差异的原因,论证了台风浪对地貌演变的短历时"插曲式"作用,阐明了涨潮优势流是风暴侵蚀后泥沙沿岸向输运的主控因子。 相似文献
4.
淤长型潮滩剖面形态演变模拟: 以江苏中部海岸为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在泥质、砂质物质共存的淤长型潮滩, 其剖面的塑造受到潮流作用下堆积过程的控制.为探讨这种潮滩剖面的演变过程, 以江苏中部海岸为研究对象建立了大小潮周期性作用下的潮滩剖面演变模型, 模拟了潮滩均衡态剖面形态与初始坡度、潮差、沉积物供应量之间的关系及潮滩的持续淤长剖面.模拟结果表明: (1)淤长型潮滩剖面达到均衡态时的形态是上凸的, 且与初始形态无关; (2)在外源一定的条件下, 潮滩的宽度与潮差呈正相关; (3)外源物质供应越丰富, 潮滩宽度越大; (4)潮滩的冲淤状态由沉积物的供应量决定; (5)对大潮高潮位附近的无沉积带进行充填可实现对其长期持续淤长剖面的模拟; (6)有丰富沉积物来源的潮滩, 在调整至均衡态后仍持续向海淤长, 并在淤长过程中保持均衡态; (7)当在模型中输入有关江苏海岸的参数时, 模拟的潮滩宽度和坡度与江苏海岸的潮滩一致. 相似文献
5.
为研究多因子共同作用下的潮滩演变机制,开发了基于植被生长和潮动力作用的潮滩剖面演变数学模型。在不考虑植被作用下,模拟得到了潮滩中长期演变后的上凸形剖面特征;泥沙供给是决定潮滩宽度的因素,供给越充分,潮滩宽度越大。模型考虑植被过程时,结果表明不同的植被生物量分布形式对潮滩水动力的影响程度不同,在潮间带上部,生物量抛物线分布时的减流效果强于生物量线性分布形式;而在潮间带下部则相反。模拟结果显示盐沼和光滩之间出现陡坎,且随着滩面的逐步淤高,陡坎逐步向海移动。 相似文献
6.
江苏如东潮滩微地貌及现代沉积速率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在江苏如东洋口港东侧长沙镇外宽10余千米的粉砂质潮滩上进行潮滩微地貌调查,在低潮滩设置
3个沉降板,在中、低潮滩采集4个柱状样（长度92~151 cm）,并对其进行垂向上的粒度和微相分析及210 Pb
测量。希望通过上述调查,揭示研究区近几十年来由于强烈的人类活动导致的潮滩冲淤调整状态。调查结果表
明,低潮滩尤其是低潮滩下部是微地貌变化最活跃的场所,表现为潮滩表面凹凸不平、多冲蚀洼槽,沉降板试
验结果显示低潮滩约２个月的沉积量向水边线方向显著减小;中潮滩表面平坦,微地貌相对比较稳定。柱状样
研究结果显示,低潮滩早期为向上变细的进积层序,但近期沉积物粗化,呈现退积层序,且该现象在低潮滩下
部尤其明显;中潮滩柱状样显示向上细化层序,反映稳定持续的加积和进积。柱状样的210 Pb测试结果表明,中
潮滩中部（米草滩中部） 沉积速率为4.40cm/a,中潮滩下部（米草滩前缘） 为1.85cm/a,低潮滩中部为1.54
cm/a,低潮滩下部无法获得沉积速率。该沉积速率结果还显示低潮滩退积层序的开始时间和研究区米草的引种
时间基本吻合。上述研究结果反映近30a来在人类活动尤其是米草的作用下,研究区中潮滩稳定淤积,但低潮
滩却因缺乏充足泥沙而加剧侵蚀。 相似文献
7.
以长江口崇明岛北支潮滩的3个潮滩为对象,在粒度测量和磁性分析的基础上,揭示了现代潮滩表层沉积物的磁性变化,探讨了磁性矿物、尤其是自生亚铁磁性矿物—硫复铁矿（Fe3S4）在潮滩沉积微相的分布规律及机制。研究结果表明：长江口潮滩表层沉积物的磁性特征由亚铁磁性矿物及超顺磁颗粒(SP)主导。淤积型中高潮滩磁铁矿以单畴(SD)和SP为主,侵蚀型潮滩的中低潮滩则更多假单畴/多畴(PSD/MD)晶粒,反映了水动力的分选及以细颗粒矿物溶解为主的早期成岩作用。此外,最东侧的北四滧港剖面潮上带—高潮滩芦苇带普遍存在自生亚铁磁性硫复铁矿,北堡港和新卫剖面的高潮滩也局部存在硫复铁矿,反映了本区高潮滩—潮上带丰富的有机质及细颗粒沉积物、加上有限的海水淹没时间,是早期成岩作用过程中生成硫复铁矿的主要机制。 相似文献
8.
台风风暴潮影响下潮滩沉积动力模拟初探--以江苏如东海岸为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以江苏如东潮滩为研究区,采用沉积动力学垂向二维概念模型来模拟正常天气和台风期间潮滩沉积的空间分布特征,探讨台风风暴潮对潮滩正常沉积层序的改造作用.模拟结果表明,在涨落潮时间-流速对称特征明显的如东海岸,潮汐作用使潮滩沉积呈显著的分带性,且剖面形态向“双凸形”演化,两个“凸点”分别位于平均高潮位和平均低潮位附近.在台风期间风暴增水效应下,开边界悬沙浓度差异将导致潮滩冲淤和沉积分布格局的变化,潮上带和潮间带上部均堆积泥质沉积物,潮间带中下部在风暴过程中普遍遭受不同程度的砂质沉积物侵蚀或之后堆积泥质沉积物,在沉积层序中形成风暴冲刷面.因此,潮滩的风暴沉积记录存在于潮间带上部或更高部位.以此模型为基础,可进一步综合考虑极浅水边界层水动力结构、沉积物粒度分布变化、波-流联合作用、台风降水、互花米草等生物活动、潮沟摆动及人工围垦等因素,从而建立风暴事件在沉积层序中的时间序列,更好地解译沉积记录中的古环境信息. 相似文献
9.
利用在长江口崇明岛北支北四滧港（SY）、北堡港（BBG）以及新卫村（XW）潮滩获取的表层沉积物,测试总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）及总硫（TS）含量,分析有机地球化学元素在潮滩微相的分布规律及影响因素,试图建立TOC/TN、TS/TOC等潮滩微相识别指标。研究结果显示,影响长江口潮滩TN、TS微相分布的重要因素为有机质含量及类型。在淤涨型潮滩,TOC/TN在高潮滩一般大于10,在中潮滩明显降至10以下;中潮滩植被带TS/TOC最高,平均值达0.063,其次为高潮滩互花米草带和中潮滩光滩（分别为0.055和0.054）,高潮滩芦苇带最低;TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率在高潮滩芦苇带呈现为显著低值,自高潮滩米草带向光滩,逐渐增大。在侵蚀型潮滩,TOC/TN从高潮滩到低潮滩均大于10,而且中、低潮滩的比值大于高潮滩,潮下带骤降至小于10;TS/TOC自陆向海逐渐增大,TS-TOC一元回归斜率高潮滩最低,中潮滩最高。另外,侵蚀型潮滩各微相的TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率均明显低于淤涨型潮滩。上述研究结果表明,长江口沉积物的TOC/TN和TS/TOC及TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率与潮滩沉积微相之间存在一定的关系,具有应用于全新世钻孔识别潮滩沉积物微相的潜力。 相似文献
10.
调查潮滩的演化对海岸保护和开发非常重要。随着人为活动的增强,即使过去认为稳定的潮滩也在发生着显著变化。利用航空激光测高(LIDAR)数据和实测剖面数据对黄河三角洲北部潮滩的地形特征和变化进行了分析。这段海岸的西段海岸平直,潮滩坡降小于1/1000,不发育潮沟,潮间有人工开挖的沟道。海岸的东段为老黄河刁口流路岸段。老黄河口岸段突出海岸,同时在两侧形成2个小海湾。LIDAR数据揭示了本段潮滩的三维地形和剖面特征。老黄河口突出岸段西北侧潮滩剖面为平直斜坡,坡度1/1000。而其东侧小海湾湾底的剖面呈上凸的形态,该特征与平面的地形分布、潮间茂密的盐地碱蓬一起,指示淤积。再向东在大堤围成的岬湾内,潮滩受波浪作用形成潮间坝。因此,黄河三角洲北部潮滩受局部地形影响大,局部岸段呈侵蚀状态或淤积状态。LIDAR数据还揭示了潮沟的特征。顺着潮沟的走向,沟底的坡度比潮间带的坡度小,近乎水平,说明涨潮时为何潮沟水位会迅速上升。 相似文献
11.
潮滩剖面形态与多组分泥沙分选是海岸动力学与河口、海岸地貌学的重要研究内容,对保持生物多样性、研究沉积历史和沿海工程评估等具有重要的实际意义。从现场观测、理论解析和数值模拟等方面,归纳了在潮滩剖面形态特征与多组分泥沙分选方面研究的主要进展。回顾了潮滩剖面形态分别在潮流和波浪主导下的经典理论解析解,剖析了包括潮流、波浪泥沙来源及特性等主要影响因子以及植被、海平面上升、围垦工程等其他影响因子对潮滩剖面形态水平向、垂向泥沙分选过程的作用机理,同时提出了考虑水动力、生物作用、人类活动等多因子耦合作用下潮滩演变研究以及定量化预测方向的若干亟待解决的科学问题。 相似文献
12.
Benoı̂t Waeles Pierre Le Hir Ricardo Silva Jacinto 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(11):1025-1033
Numerical experiments were performed to simulate the profile evolution of an intertidal mudflat with a 1D cross-shore morphodynamical model. First, the hydrodynamical forcing is a cross-shore tidal current due to semi-diurnal variations of the free surface elevation at the open boundary. Further, considering the conservation of the action density of surface gravity waves, a wave height (and resulting bottom shear stress) calculation is added to the morphodynamical model. Results of the numerical experiments show that the shape of the profile reaches equilibrium. The mudflat progrades continually when the forcing is tide only, whereas it can be steady under the simultaneous action of tide and waves. To cite this article: B. Waeles et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
13.
Estuarine tidal mudflats form unique habitats and maintain valuable ecosystems. Historic measurements of a mudflat in San Fancsico Bay over the past 150 years suggest the development of a rather stable mudflat profile. This raises questions on its origin and governing processes as well as on the mudflats’ fate under scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply. We developed a 1D morphodynamic profile model (Delft3D) that is able to reproduce the 2011 measured mudflat profile. The main, schematised, forcings of the model are a constant tidal cycle and constant wave action. The model shows that wave action suspends sediment that is transported landward during flood. A depositional front moves landward until landward bed levels are high enough to carry an equal amount of sediment back during ebb. This implies that, similar to observations, the critical shear stress for erosion is regularly exceeded during the tidal cycle and that modelled equilibrium conditions include high suspended sediment concentrations at the mudflat. Shear stresses are highest during low water, while shear stresses are lower than critical (and highest at the landward end) along the mudflat during high water. Scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply drown the mudflat. In addition, the mudflat becomes more prone to channel incision because landward accumulation is hampered. This research suggests that sea level rise is a serious threat to the presence of many estuarine intertidal mudflats, adjacent salt marshes and their associated ecological values. 相似文献
14.
The coast of Kuwait can be divided into nine intertidal geomorphological subunits, of which four are found along the northern muddy shoreline and five along the southern sandy shoreline. In the north the coast is characterized by wide intertidal mudflats, bounded landward by an extensive coastal sabkha which is partly covered by sand drifts. The upper part of the intertidal environment is covered with a mixture of aeolian sands and muddy sediments of marine origin. A number of shallow tidal channels dissect the intertidal flats and small sand bars occur near the low water line. In contrast, the southern shore is characterized by relatively steep sandy beaches fronted by narrow to moderately wide rocky intertidal platforms which are partly covered by sand, bioherms, skeletal debris and algal mats. In some areas the rocky surface is dissected by numerous small gulleys and shallow channels. Multiple sand bars lying either parallel or diagonal to the shoreline are developed near the low water line. This southern intertidal environment is bounded landward by a sandy berm and a wave-cut cliff.Ripple marks are developed almost parallel to the shoreline, showing different flow directions. Energy levels are moderate to high along the southern shore, but low along the northern shore. In the south, waves induced by winds blowing mostly from the north-east and south-east form the dominant energy source, whereas tidal and wind-driven currents are the only tangible process acting along the northern shore. 相似文献
15.
随着海平面上升和人类活动加剧,潮滩正面临着严重威胁,掌握其形态变化规律是研究潮滩系统对外在条件响应的直接手段。以江苏斗龙港潮滩为研究对象,利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术,结合运动恢复结构(Structure from Motion,SfM)算法,重建潮滩三维点云,生成数字高程模型和正射影像,分析潮滩滩面及潮沟系统年内变化规律。研究结果表明:潮滩高程测量精度优于9 cm,水平精度优于2 cm;高程年内变化较大,变幅高达±0.5 m;潮沟短历时变化剧烈,无明显季节性变化特征;潮沟发育过程中,宽深比范围为10~25。无人机技术不仅可以监测粉砂淤泥质潮滩滩面变化趋势,还可以观测到卫星难以捕获的中小型潮沟短历时发育过程,可为监测河口海岸短周期动力地貌过程提供有力的技术支持。 相似文献
16.
The stratigraphic record of many cratonic carbonate sequences includes thick successions of stacked peritidal deposits. Representing accumulation at or near sea‐level, these deposits have provided insights into past palaeoenvironments, sea‐level and climate change. To expand understanding of carbonate peritidal systems, this study describes the geomorphology, sedimentology and stratigraphy of the tidal flats on the Crooked‐Acklins Platform, south‐east Bahamas. The Crooked Island tidal flats extend continuously for ca 18 km on the platformward flank of Crooked Island, reaching up to 2 km across. Tidal flats include four environmental zones with specific faunal and floral associations and depositional characteristics: (i) supratidal (continuous supratidal crust and pavement); (ii) upper intertidal, with the mangrove Avicennia germinans and the cyanobacteria Scytonema; (iii) lower intertidal (with the mangrove Rhizophora mangal) and (iv) non‐vegetated, heavily burrowed subtidal (submarine). These zones have gradational boundaries but follow shore‐parallel belts. Coring reveals that the thickness of this mud‐dominated sediment package generally is <2 m, with depth to Pleistocene bedrock gradually shallowing landward. The facies succession under much of the tidal flat includes a basal compacted, organic‐rich skeletal‐lithoclast lag above the bedrock contact (suggesting initial flooding). This unit grades upward into rhizoturbated skeletal sandy mud (subtidal) overlain by coarsening‐upward peloid‐foraminifera‐gastropod muddy sand (reflecting shallowing to intertidal elevations). Cores from landward positions include stacked thin indurated layers with autoclastic breccia, root tubules and fenestrae (interpreted as supratidal conditions). Collectively, the data reveal an offlapping pattern on this prograding low‐energy shoreline, and these Holocene tidal flats may represent an actualistic analogue for ancient humid progradational tidal flats. Nonetheless, their vertical facies succession is akin to that present beneath channelled belt examples, suggesting that facies successions alone may not provide unambiguous criteria for prediction of the palaeogeomorphology, lateral facies changes and heterogeneity in stratigraphic analogues. 相似文献