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1.
影响降雨击溅侵蚀过程的多元回归正交试验研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
根据多元正交设计,对马兰黄土进行了降雨(人工模拟)溅蚀试验。得到了计算降雨溅蚀分散量(Y)和降雨溅蚀向下坡搬运量(Z)的两个回归方程。方程揭示影响降雨击溅侵蚀诸因素之间的交互作用,以及各个因素在降雨溅蚀过程中的地位和对各种降雨溅蚀临界值的明显影响。 相似文献
2.
This tutorial paper presents a simplified view of one of the more recently published multivariatecalibration methods particularly suited to dealing with non-linear data sets.The method is referred toas MARS and stands for multivariate adaptive regression splines.Simple examples are provided toexplain the workings of the method. 相似文献
3.
A multivariate calibration procedure based on principal component analysis is proposed.UV-vis spectraof ternary mixtures have been used to check the applicability of the procedure. 相似文献
4.
For efficient handling of very large data arrays,pretreatment by compression is mandatory.In the presentpaper B-spline methods are described as good candidates for such data array compression.Themathematical relation between the maximum entropy method for compression of data tables andthe B-spline of zeroth degree is described together with the generalization of B-spline compression tonth-order data array tables in matrix and tensor algebra. 相似文献
5.
A hydroclimatic threshold for landslide initiation on the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, British Columbia 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Landslides triggered by rainfall are the cause of thousands of deaths worldwide every year. One possible approach to limit the socioeconomic consequences of such events is the development of climatic thresholds for landslide initiation. In this paper, we propose a method that incorporates antecedent rainfall and streamflow data to develop a landslide initiation threshold for the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, British Columbia. Hydroclimatic data were gathered for 18 storms that triggered landslides and 18 storms that did not. Discriminant function analysis separated the landslide-triggering storms from those storms that did not trigger landslides and selected the most meaningful variables that allow this separation. Discriminant functions were also developed for the landslide-triggering and nonlandslide-triggering storms. The difference of the discriminant scores, ΔCS, for both groups is a measure of landslide susceptibility during a storm. The variables identified that optimize the separation of the two storm groups are 4-week rainfall prior to a significant storm, 6-h rainfall during a storm, and the number of hours 1 m3/s discharge was exceeded at Mackay Creek during a storm. Three thresholds were identified. The Landslide Warning Threshold (LWT) is reached when ΔCS is −1. The Conditional Landslide Initiation Threshold (CTLI) is reached when ΔCS is zero, and it implies that landslides are likely if 4 mm/h rainfall intensity is exceeded at which point the Imminent Landslide Initiation Threshold (ITLI) is reached. The LWT allows time for the issuance of a landslide advisory and to move personnel out of hazardous areas. The methodology proposed in this paper can be transferred to other regions worldwide where type and quality of data are appropriate for this type of analysis. 相似文献
6.
大兴沙地草本植被的数量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析植物群落和生态因子数据的基础上，利用ＰＣＡ排序、相关和回归分析等多元分析技术，描述了大兴沙地草本植被的空间分布与主要生态因子的相关性，数量地表达了植被分布与环境的关系。结果表明：土壤中小于０．００１ｍｍ颗粒含量和土壤全Ｐ含量是影响植被分布的主导生态因子。 相似文献
7.
Kjeld Rasmussen cand.silv. Henrik Hagen Olesen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):100-107
Rasmussen, Kjeld & Olesen, Henrik Hagen: Applications of multivariate statistical analysis in remote sensing of agriculture. Geografisk Tidsskrift 88:100–107. Copenhagen 1988. Applications of satellite remote sensing to agriculture involve two main objectives, the identification and mapping of crops, including estimation of acreages, and monitoring of plant growth or production factors, aiming at estimation/prediction of yields. Deterministic models of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and plant canopies are used to relate the measured reflected or emitted radiation to crop type and agronomically relevant parameters. The great natural variation of reflectance properties of crops does, however, call for use of a statistical approach. The high dimensionality of the data-sets involved, very often more than ten, requires the use of multivariate techniques. This paper will deal with the use of multivariate statistical techniques for both crop identification and crop monitoring based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, such as those produced by Landsat MSS and -TM and SPOT. Emphasis will be placed upon use of statistical methods in classification and on removal of redundancy in multi-dimensional data-sets. The relative merits of deterministic and statistical methods will be discussed as will the possibilities of incorporating spatial information into statistical methods. 相似文献
8.
Compositional data arise naturally in several branches of science,including chemistry,geology,biology,medicine,ecology and manufacturing design.In chemistry,these constrained data seem to occur typicallywhen raw data are normalized or when output is obtained from a constrained estimation procedure,suchas might be used in a source apportionment problem.It is important not only for chemists to be awarethat the usual multivariate statistical techniques are not applicable to constrained data,but also to haveaccess to appropriate techniques as they become available.The currently available methodology is dueprincipally to Aitchison and is based on log-normal models.This paper suggests new parametric andnon-parametric approaches to significantly improve the existing methodology.In the parametric setting,some recent work of Rayens and Srinivasan is extended and a practical regression model is proposed.In the development of the non-parametric approach,minimum distance methods coupled withmultivariate bootstrap techniques are used to obtain point and region estimators. 相似文献
9.
Cluster analysis has been applied to characterize the group structures of four sets of Catalan white wines(Conca de Barberà),Camp de Tarragona,Terra Alta and Ribera-Falset)on the basis of eleven classicaloenological parameters and seven micro and trace metallic constituents considered to be relativelyinsensitive to cultural practices.In spite of the vintage variation and the lack of a clear varietaldifferentiation among the wines,each region could be individually characterized.The application ofsupervised pattern recognition methods has allowed regional assignment of unknown samples with aprediction rate higher than 95%.Several metal ions(such as calcium,strontium, zinc and magnesium)and a few classical parameters(such as ethanol content and the sum of malic and lactic acid contents)have been found to be relevant for a correct classification.ALLOC and KNN classification methodscombined with LDA have been proven useful with the present data set,although their performance wasnot superior to that of LDA and SIMCA. 相似文献
10.
JOHNH.KALIVAS 《地理学报(英文版)》1989,(1)
Care is required for multicomponent analysis if misleading results are to be avoided. The problem ofill-conditioned calibration matrices is of primary concern. This type of numerical instability isrepresented as spectral overlap of calibration spectra. Depending on the degree of spectral overlap, thesample concentration estimates can be severely affected. A practical statistical procedure is discussedwhich tests for the presence of spectral overlap among the pure-component spectra and simultaneouslyassesses the degree that concentration estimates may be degraded. Guidelines are developed to ascertainhow much departure from spectral orthogonality is acceptable. 相似文献
11.
Genetic algorithms have been created as an optimization strategy to be used especially when complexresponse surfaces do not allow the use of better-known methods (simplex, experimental designtechniques, etc.). This paper shows that these algorithms, conveniently modified, can also be a valuabletool in solving the feature selection problem. The subsets of variables selected by genetic algorithms aregenerally more efficient than those obtained by classical methods of feature selection, since they canproduce a better result by using a lower number of features. 相似文献
12.
L. V. PEREZ-ARRIBAS F. NAVARRO-VILLOSLADA M. E. LEON-GONZALEA L. M. POLO-DIEZ Departamento de Quimica Analiti Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Universidad Complutense E- Madri Spain 《地理学报(英文版)》1993,(4)
The usefulness of the Kalman filter as an algorithm for calibration in a real system is shown. Results arecompared with classical least squares and pure component calibration. The prediction of four prioritypollutant chlorophenols in binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures was also carried out by Kalmanfiltering. The condition number, standard deviation and prediction error have been employed to choosethe most suitable wavelength range. Comparison of the standard error of prediction in the validation setshows significant differences between the evaluated chlorophenols, the best results being obtained withKalman multivariate calibration. 相似文献
13.
A landslide susceptibility model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method and multivariate statistics in perialpine Slovenia 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27
Landslides cause damage to property and unfortunately pose a threat even to human lives. Good landslide susceptibility, hazard, and risk models could help mitigate or even avoid the unwanted consequences resulted from such hillslope mass movements. For the purpose of landslide susceptibility assessment the study area in the central Slovenia was divided to 78 365 slope units, for which 24 statistical variables were calculated. For the land-use and vegetation data, multi-spectral high-resolution images were merged using Principal Component Analysis method and classified with an unsupervised classification. Using multivariate statistical analysis (factor analysis), the interactions between factors and landslide distribution were tested, and the importance of individual factors for landslide occurrence was defined. The results show that the slope, the lithology, the terrain roughness, and the cover type play important roles in landslide susceptibility. The importance of other spatial factors varies depending on the landslide type. Based on the statistical results several landslide susceptibility models were developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. These models gave very different results, with a prediction error ranging from 4.3% to 73%. As a final result of the research, the weights of important spatial factors from the best models were derived with the AHP method. Using probability measures, potentially hazardous areas were located in relation to population and road distribution, and hazard classes were assessed. 相似文献
14.
PAUL GELADI Research Group for Chemometries University of Ume S- Ume Sweden Center for Peat Research Box S- Ume SwedenKIM ESBENSEN Norwegian Computing Center PB Blindern N- Oslo Norway 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(2)
Regression between two blocks(usually called‘dependent’or Y and‘independent’or X)of data is a veryimportant scientific and data-analytical tool.Regression on multivariate images is possible and constitutesa meaningful addition to existing univariate and multivariate techniques of image analysis.The regressioncan be used as a modeling tool or for prediction.The form of the regression equation chosen is dependentupon problem specification and information at hand.This paper describes the use of principal componentregression(PCR).Both model building and prediction are presented for continuous Y-variables.The finalgoal is to supply new image material that can be used for visual inspection on a screen.Also,visual toolsfor diagnosis of model and prediction are provided,often based on derived image material.Examplesof modeling and prediction are given for six channels in a seven-channel satellite image 相似文献
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17.
A geochemical evaluation of the Szc-Halimba-Kisld area, Hungary, covering an area of more than 200 km2 is presented using different statistical and geostatistical methods. The study area is a representative example of allochtonous karst bauxite accumulation. The three groups of deposits studied here have been explored and mined since 1950. Several thousand boreholes have been drilled, and bauxite cores were analyzed for the five main chemical components. A total of 80,000 pleces of analytical data were processed, followed by a geological examination of borehole logs and of mining excavations.The quantitative geochemical evaluation of the data set led to both geochemical and practical results: The geochemical behavior of the allochtonous, clastic karst bauxite deposits differs essentially from that of the autochtonous and parautochtonous ones, as well as that of the lateritic bauxite deposits. The deposits of the study area can be split into several subsequent geochemical-sedimentological units, each representing an event of bauxite transport and accumulation. Clear regional patterns can be revealed in the composition of these units. The geostatistically measured chemical variability of the geochemical units is rather different, the lowest units showing the smallest variability. The interrelations of the main chemical components are weaker and more irregular in the studied deposits than in the autochtonous lateritic bauxite deposits. Additional local genetic features, such as transport routes, can be delineated by the methods applied. Within each deposit, local changes of chemical composition and of its variability can be determined more precisely. These results can be used in bauxite prospecting and exploration, because areas of high or low bauxite quality can be predicted. 相似文献
18.
THE KERNEL ALGORITHM FOR PLS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A fast and memory-saving PLS regression algorithm for matrices with large numbers of objects ispresented.It is called the kernel algorithm for PLS.Long(meaning having many objects,N)matricesX (N×K)and Y(N×M)are condensed into a small(K×K)square‘kernel’matrix X~TYY~TX of sizeequal to the number of X-variables.Using this kernel matrix X~TYY~TX together with the small covariancematrices X~TX(K×K),X~TY(K×M)and Y~TY(M×M),it is possible to estimate all necessaryparameters for a complete PLS regression solution with some statistical diagnostics.The newdevelopments are presented in equation form.A comparison of consumed floating point operations isgiven for the kernel and the classical PLS algorithm.As appendices,a condensed matrix algebra versionof the kernel algorithm is given together with the MATLAB code. 相似文献
19.
Kalman滤波方法在黑河出山径流年平均流量预报中的应用 总被引：21，自引：10，他引：11
应用Kalman滤波方法,以流域平均降水量、气温、太阳黑子相对数及莺落峡站6年显著周期序列等为控制参数,对黑河出山径流年平均流量的预测问题进行了初步研究和探讨。 相似文献
20.
STANLEY N.DEMING JOHN A.PALASOTA JOSEPHINE M.PALASOTA Department of Chemistry University of Houston Calhoun Ro Houston TX - U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)
Chemometrics is defined as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to chemical systems.Systems theory is seen to be useful for organizing and categorizing the inputs to and outputs fromchemical systems.Advances in measurement science in the 1950s and 1960s,particularly in analyticalchemistry,created a need for a multivariate approach to data analysis.Early chemometrics emphasizedthe use of structure-finding methods for existing data sets.In many instances,data sets can be obtainedfrom designed experiments.Such data sets are more likely to contain the desired information and the datacan usually be acquired at less cost.Renewed interest in statistical process control will provide many new,more robust data sets in the future. 相似文献