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1.
The existence of the principal directions of the ground motion based on Arias intensity is well-known. These principal directions do not necessarily coincide with the orientations of recording sensors or with the orientations along which the ground motion parameters such as the peak ground acceleration and the pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) are maximum. This is evidenced by the fact that the maximum PSA at different natural vibration periods for horizontal excitations do not correspond to the same orientation. A recent analysis carried out for California earthquake records suggests that an orientation-dependent ground motion measurement for horizontal excitations can be developed. The main objective of this study is to investigate and provide seismic ground motion measurements in the horizontal plane, including bidirectional horizontal ground motions, for Mexican interplate and inslab earthquake records. Extensive statistical analyses of PSA are conducted for the assessment, The analysis results suggest that similar to the case of California records, the average behavior of the ratio of the PSA to the maximum resulting PSA can be approximated by a quarter of an ellipse in one quadrant; and that the ratio can be considered to be independent of the value of the maximum resulting PSA, earthquake magnitude, earthquake distance and the focal depth. Sets of response ratios and attenuation relationships that can be used to represent a bidirectional horizontal ground motion measurement for Mexican interplate and inslab earthquakes were also developed. 相似文献
2.
双向地震动作用的拟等延性系数谱 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先建立了以强度折减系数表述的恢复力特性满足二维屈服面模型的理想弹塑性单质点系统(它在2个相互垂直的主轴方向上分别具有水平平动自由度)在双向地震动作用下的归一化运动方程。然后引入单向地震动作用下等延性系数的强度折减系数谱,给出了双向地震动作用的拟等延性系数谱(定义为系统分别承受双向和单向地震动作用,在同一主轴方向上的最大位移反应之比)最后通过硬土场地10组双向地震动记录拟等延性系数谱的统计平均结果,分析了结构周期、位移延性系数和阻尼等因素对谱值及结构双向地震反应的影响。结果表明,双向地震动作用与单向地震动作用相比主要增加结构较长周期方向的最大位移反应。若在基于位移的抗震设计中降低结构较短周期方向的设计位移延性系数,可在一定程度上降低双向地震动的不利影响。因定义的谱为比值形式,阻尼对其影响不大。 相似文献
3.
John Douglas 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1515-1526
Due to the limited observational datasets available for the derivation of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) there
is always epistemic uncertainty in the estimated median ground motion. Because of the increasing quality and quantity of strong-motion
datasets it would be expected that the epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion prediction (related to lack of knowledge and
data) is decreasing. In this study the predicted median ground motions from over 200 GMPEs for various scenarios are plotted
against date of publication to examine whether the scatter in the predictions (a measure of epistemic uncertainty) is decreasing
with time. It is found that there are still considerable differences in predicted ground motions from the various GMPEs and
that the variation between estimates is not reducing although the ground motion estimated by averaging median predictions
is roughly constant. For western North America predictions for moderate earthquakes have show a high level of consistency
since the 1980s as do, but to a lesser extent, predictions for moderate earthquakes in Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle
East. A good match is observed between the predictions from GMPEs and the median ground motions based on observations from
similar scenarios. Variations in median ground motion predictions for stable continental regions and subduction zones from
different GMPEs are large, even for moderate earthquakes. The large scatter in predictions of the median ground motion shows
that epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion prediction is still large and that it is vital that this is accounted for in seismic
hazard assessments. 相似文献
4.
An orthogonal set of principal axes is defined for earthquake ground motions. These principal axes are obtained such that the corresponding variances of motion have maximum, minimum and intermediate values and the covariances equal zero. This indicates that the corresponding components of motion along the principal axes are uncorrelated with respect to each other. Since real earthquake accelerograms are assumed to be reasonably well represented by Gaussian random processes, the three components of motion along the principal axes are statistically independent of each other. Using these principal axes and applying the moving-window technique to the ground accelerograms recorded during the San Fernando earthquake of 9 February 1971, time-dependent characteristics of three-dimensional ground motions along principal axes are determined. Results of the analysis indicate significant correlation between directions of principal axes and directions from the recording stations to the fault slip zone. It is concluded that three components of ground motion can be generated stochastically with statistical independence being maintained, provided they are assumed to be directed along principal axes. 相似文献
5.
本文将确定性数值模拟方法与地震动预测方程相结合,提出了一种重大水电工程场址设定地震的地震动时程生成方法。该方法基于场址设定地震,首先采用地震动预测方程确定场址的场地相关反应谱;其次建立包含震源和场址的场地模型,通过确定性数值模拟方法生成场址地震动时程;最后对生成的场址地震动时程进行调整,使其反应谱与设计谱相一致,用于工程抗震分析。这一方法生成的地震动时程既考虑了震源机制、传播路径以及局部场地效应等物理背景,又与场地相关的设计地震反应谱保持一致,为重大工程抗震分析与评价提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
6.
Zhou Cuiying 《中国地震研究》2005,19(4):442-457
INTRODUCTIONThere exist many methods for studying recent crustal stress field.One of the most commonmethodsis to use focal mechanismsolution data of earthquakes to deduce the recent crustal stressfield.The method is simple and feasible and the data obtained is reliable.Yan Jiaquan,et al.(1979)usedthe method to study the recent tectonic stress field in China and its adjacent areas andgave a rough configuration and regional characteristics of the stress field.Li Qinzu(1980),WeiGuangxing,e… 相似文献
7.
The effects of horizontal components of ground motion on the linear response of torsionally stiff and torsionally flexible systems, on soft and firm soil conditions, are examined. A one‐story, two‐way asymmetric structural system is used, subjected to uncorrelated ground motion components along their principal directions. Spectral densities for ground accelerations in firm and soft soils are modeled based on recorded data from large intensity Mexican earthquakes. It is shown that for firm soils, in general, these effects are important in the case of torsionally flexible systems that are stiff under translation, or for torsionally stiff systems that are flexible in translation. The percentage combination rules usually specified in seismic design codes are assessed against the dynamic response. Such combination rules can result in overly conservative design forces or underestimated design forces, particularly for torsionally flexible structures. Given the relative magnitude of the response to each ground motion component, it was found that using different percentage values in the combination rules has no significant effect on improving the estimation of the total response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(1):39-57
The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is explored to predict peak ground accelerations (PGA) and pseudospectral acceleration (SA) for Mexican inslab and interplate earthquakes. A total of 277 and 418 seismic records with two horizontal components for inslab and interplate earthquakes, respectively, are used to train the ANN models by using an ANN with a feed-forward architecture with a back-propagation learning algorithm. Both ANN with single and two hidden layers are considered. For comparison purposes, the PGA and SA values predicted by the trained ANN models are compared with those estimated with attenuation relations or ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The comparison indicates that the predicted PGA and SA values by the trained ANN models, in general, follow the trends predicted by the GMPEs. However, an extensive verification of the trained models must be conducted before they can be used for seismic hazard and risk analysis since, on occasion, the PGA and SA values predicted by the trained ANN models depart from the behaviour observed from the actual records. 相似文献
9.
10.
An orthogonal set of principal axes is defined for earthquake ground motions along which the component variances have maximum, minimum and intermediate values and the covariances equal zero. Corresponding axes are defined which yield maximum values for the covariances. The orthogonal transformations involved are identical in form to those used in the transformation of stress. Examination of real accelerograms reveals that the major principal axis points in the general direction of the epicentre and the minor principal axis is nearly vertical. It is concluded that artificially generated components of ground motion need not be correlated statistically provided they are directed along a set of principal axes. 相似文献
11.
Comparing predicted and observed ground motions from subduction earthquakes in the Lesser Antilles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This brief article presents a quantitative analysis of the ability of eight published empirical ground-motion prediction equations
(GMPEs) for subduction earthquakes (interface and intraslab) to estimate observed earthquake ground motions on the islands
of the Lesser Antilles (specifically Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad, and Dominica). In total, over 300 records from 22 earthquakes
from various seismic networks are used within the analysis. It is found that most of the GMPEs tested perform poorly, which
is mainly due to a larger variability in the observed ground motions than predicted by the GMPEs, although two recent GMPEs
derived using Japanese strong-motion data provide reasonably good predictions. Analyzing separately the interface and intraslab
events does not significant modify the results. Therefore, it is concluded that seismic hazard assessments for this region
should use a variety of GMPEs in order to capture this large epistemic uncertainty in earthquake ground-motion prediction
for the Lesser Antilles. 相似文献
12.
A recently compiled, comprehensive, and good-quality strong-motion database of the Iranian earthquakes has been used to develop local empirical equations for the prediction of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5%-damped pseudo-spectral accelerations (PSA) up to 4.0 s. The equations account for style of faulting and four site classes and use the horizontal distance from the surface projection of the rupture plane as a distance measure. The model predicts the geometric mean of horizontal components and the vertical-to-horizontal ratio. A total of 1551 free-field acceleration time histories recorded at distances of up to 200 km from 200 shallow earthquakes (depth < 30 km) with moment magnitudes ranging from Mw 4.0 to 7.3 are used to perform regression analysis using the random effects algorithm of Abrahamson and Youngs (Bull Seism Soc Am 82:505–510, 1992), which considers between-events as well as within-events errors. Due to the limited data used in the development of previous Iranian ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and strong trade-offs between different terms of GMPEs, it is likely that the previously determined models might have less precision on their coefficients in comparison to the current study. The richer database of the current study allows improving on prior works by considering additional variables that could not previously be adequately constrained. Here, a functional form used by Boore and Atkinson (Earthquake Spect 24:99–138, 2008) and Bindi et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 9:1899–1920, 2011) has been adopted that allows accounting for the saturation of ground motions at close distances. A regression has been also performed for the V/H in order to retrieve vertical components by scaling horizontal spectra. In order to take into account epistemic uncertainty, the new model can be used along with other appropriate GMPEs through a logic tree framework for seismic hazard assessment in Iran and Middle East region. 相似文献
13.
Ground motion prediction equations based on shallow crustal earthquakes in Georgia and the surrounding Caucasus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jorjiashvili Nato Shengelia Ia Godoladze Tea Gunia Irakli Akubardia Dimitri 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(6):497-509
Strong ground motions caused by earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3.5 to 6.9 and hypocentral distances of up to 300 km were recorded by local broadband stations and three-component accelerograms within Georgia’s enhanced digital seismic network. Such data mixing is particularly effective in areas where strong ground motion data are lacking. The data were used to produce models based on ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), one benefit of which is that they take into consideration information from waveforms across a wide range of frequencies. In this study, models were developed to predict ground motions for peak ground acceleration and 5%-damped pseudo-absolute-acceleration spectra for periods between 0.01 and 10 s. Short-period ground motions decayed faster than long-period motions, though decay was still in the order of approximately 1/r. Faulting mechanisms and local soil conditions greatly influence GMPEs. The spectral acceleration (SA) of thrust faults was higher than that for either strike-slip or normal faults but the influence of strike-slip faulting on SA was slightly greater than that for normal faults. Soft soils also caused significantly more amplification than rocky sites. 相似文献
14.
Predictive equations based on the stochastic approach are developed for earthquake ground motions from Garhwal Himalayan earthquakes of 3.5≤Mw≤6.8 at a distance of 10≤R≤250 km. The predicted ground motion parameters are response spectral values at frequencies from 0.25 to 20 Hz, and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are derived from an empirically based stochastic ground motion model. The GMPEs show a fair agreement with the empirically developed ground motion equations from Himalaya as well as the NGA equation. The proposed relations also reasonably predict the observed ground motion of two major Himalayan earthquakes from Garhwal Himalayan region. For high magnitudes, there is insufficient data to satisfactorily judge the relationship; however it reasonably predicts the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake (Mw=6.8) and 1999 Chamoli earthquake (Mw=6.4) from Garhwal Himalaya region. 相似文献
15.
Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
V. A. Petrov Niu Anfu V. B. Smirnov A. O. Mostryukov Li Zhixiong A. V. Ponomarev Jiang Zaisen Shen Xuhui 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2008,44(10):846-855
Orientations of the principal axes of the tectonic stress field reconstructed from seismological data on focal mechanisms of earthquakes and strain fields determined from GPS measurements in China are compared. The data of GPS measurements used in the paper were obtained by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (about 1000 stations) in the period of 1998–2004. On the basis of information on the recent horizontal crustal motions, the strain field is calculated for the study territory by the finite element method. Calculations of the strain tensor using GPS data were carried out with a step of 1° in latitude and longitude. A catalog of earthquake focal mechanisms was used for the reconstruction of tectonic stress field components. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes were calculated with the use of seismological data on signs of first arrivals from the bulletin of the International Seismological Center. To estimate characteristics of the regional stress field, an approach based on the kinematic method proposed by O.I. Gushchenko was applied. The tectonic stress field was reconstructed in depth intervals of 0 < H < 35 km and 35 km < H < 70 km from data on focal mechanisms of earthquakes over the periods of 1998–2004 and 1985–2004. Comparison of directions of the principal strain axes at the surface (according to GPS measurements) and directions of the principal stress axes (reconstructed from focal mechanisms of earthquakes) showed their good convergence. Seismotectonic strains and GPS measurements coincide within a larger part of the territory. The coincidence is best in a depth interval of 0 < H < 35 km. Maximum misfit values are confined to areas of high 3-D gradients of strain axis directions and are possibly related to the structural heterogeneity of the region, zones with strains of the same type along both horizontal axes (compression or extension along all directions), or areas of small absolute values of recent horizontal movements. Areas with invariable directions of the stress axes are recognizable regardless of the depth of initial data. Good reproducibility of results obtained by two different methods made it possible to check the method of stress field reconstruction using data on focal mechanisms of earthquakes. 相似文献
17.
软土具有高灵敏度、低强度等特性,在地震过程中极易产生震陷。基于OpenSees数值模拟方法对软土场地的震陷反应进行非线性动力有限元分析,通过改变地震动峰值加速度、频谱特性、输入方式来研究其对软土震陷的影响。结果表明,地震动峰值加速度对地基土的不均匀震陷有显著影响,地震动峰值加速度越大,震陷量显著增大,震陷影响深度更大,对水平地表造成的破坏范围也更大;地震动频谱特性对软土震陷有重要影响,当地震动卓越频率与场地自振频率相近时,其幅值越大,产生的震陷越严重;水平、竖向同时输入地震动的方式能更好地反映土体的振动及震陷响应。该研究成果对探索软土震陷的机理有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
18.
为了揭示近断层地震作用下上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的动力响应特点,以西南山区某上承式拱桥为背景,用OpenSEES平台建立了全桥非线性动力分析模型,探讨了近断层地震动的输入方式、脉冲效应和竖向地震动等三个关键因素对桥梁动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:地震输入方式对拱圈地震响应的影响较小,但对拱上立柱地震响应的影响很大,尤其是拱顶附近的短立柱,在抗震分析中,建议偏安全地采用三向地震输入方式;脉冲效应对拱桥地震响应的影响非常大,会导致拱圈、拱上立柱和桥面板地震响应大幅增加,桥面板残余平面转角甚至增大6倍以上;竖向地震动对拱圈轴力和面内弯矩、拱上立柱纵向弯矩和剪力的影响很大,拱顶处的面内弯矩放大倍数最大可达2.95,总体来说,采用规范所建议的方法考虑竖向地震是偏保守的。 相似文献
19.
The influence of vertical ground motions on the seismic response of highway bridges is not very well understood. Recent studies suggest that vertical ground motions can substantially increase force and moment demands on bridge columns and girders and cannot be overlooked in seismic design of bridge structures. For an evaluation of vertical ground motion effects on the response of single‐bent two‐span highway bridges, a systematic study combining the critical engineering demand parameters (EDPs) and ground motion intensity measures (IMs) is required. Results of a parametric study examining a range of highway bridge configurations subjected to selected sets of horizontal and vertical ground motions are used to determine the structural parameters that are significantly amplified by the vertical excitations. The amplification in these parameters is modeled using simple equations that are functions of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations at the corresponding horizontal and vertical fundamental periods of the bridge. This paper describes the derivation of seismic demand models developed for typical highway overcrossings by incorporating critical EDPs and combined effects of horizontal and vertical ground motion IMs depending on the type of the parameter and the period of the structure. These models may be used individually as risk‐based design tools to determine the probability of exceeding the critical levels of EDP for pre‐determined levels of ground shaking or may be included explicitly in probabilistic seismic risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
本文研究了兴都库什及帕米尔地区地震的空间分布.发现h<70km的地震分布广泛,h≥100km的地震形成-S形的倾斜中源地震带.在71.5°E以西,中源地震带倾向接近正北,倾角随深度变化,在深部接近垂直,且倾角自西向东逐渐变陡,在71.5°E以东,倾向逐渐由东南变为正南. 分析了121个mb≥5.0地震的机制解.浅源地震机制解的P轴大多位于NS和NNW-SSE方向,且多近水平,反映此区受到NS或NNW-SSE方向挤压.各剖面应力轴分布规律性强,在150km以下,总的趋势是机制解的T轴接近于倾斜的中源地震带的下倾方向,而P轴倾角较小且垂直于倾斜的中源地震带的走向. 相似文献