共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 174 毫秒
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提出一种可对起伏地表采集的三维地震资料直接进行偏移成像的叠前时间偏移方法和流程.它用两个等效速度描述近地表和上覆层对地震波传播的影响,可对炮、检点不在同一水平面的三维地震资料直接进行叠前时间偏移处理.该方法不对近地表地震波传播做垂直出、入射假定,因此可适应高速层出露等不存在明显低、降速带情况.描述近地表和上覆层的两个等效速度参数可依据偏移道集的同相轴是否平直来确定,避免了确定近地表速度的困难;而对已知近地表速度的情况,则可进一步修正近地表速度,获得更好的成像效果.用三维起伏地表的理论数据和中国东部某工区实际数据验证了所发展方法和处理流程的有效性和实用性. 相似文献
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山地地区地下地质结构复杂,地表高差大,变化剧烈.目前该类地区地震勘探中主要的成像手段依然是Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移.但地表高程的剧烈变化使叠前时间偏移的基准面很难选择.本文在传统方法的基础上,提出了一种在浮动基准面上修正常规叠前时间偏移走时计算的叠前时间偏移方法,该方法能够很大程度上提高山地地区、特别是地表高差变化大地区的成像效果.本文还介绍了GPU 在叠前时间偏移上的应用,通过GPU 对〖JP2〗叠前时间偏移的优化和实现,得出如下结论：应用单颗NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU 进行叠前时间偏移,相比应用主频2.5 GHz〖JP〗的单核CPU计算效率可提高70倍以上. 相似文献
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基于全程波波动方程的逆时偏移(Reverse Time Migration)可以对回转波、多次反射波成像,不受横向速度变化影响,没有倾角限制,随着计算机软硬件技术的进步,再次成为偏移方法研究热点.本文将格子法用于叠前逆时深度偏移成像.格子法作为波场延拓方法,处理起伏地表边界条件容易,可用于含起伏地表边界条件的逆时波场延拓;可利用变尺度非规则对计算域进行离散,因此可根据速度模型调整网格尺度来降低存储量,放大时间步长,降低计算量.采用光滑的曲人工边界,也可避免常规的PML吸收边界存在的角点区域需特别处理的麻烦.本方法通过事先计算和存储边界单元的局部几何参数,与直边界PML方法相比不增加任何计算量.格子法还具有容易实现并行计算的特点,非常适用于叠前逆时偏移.本文给出了二维问题算例. 相似文献
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目前常用叠前深度偏移主要有四种:基于射线理论的Kirchhoff偏移和高斯束偏移以及基于波动方程理论的单程波偏移和逆时偏移.要想在实际应用中取得好的成像效果,必须选取合理、有效的叠前深度偏移算法.本文首先简单阐述了这四种常用叠前深度偏移方法的基本原理,对比分析了四种方法在陡倾角、速度依赖性、起伏地表、非规则数据、低信噪比数据等方面的优劣性以及计算效率和计算精度的差异,然后利用模型试算和实际资料处理分析说明这四种叠前深度偏移方法的成像效果,最后给出不同情况下叠前深度偏移方法的选取建议. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
为了提高叠前数据质量,将叠前时间偏移/反偏移与共散射点道集相结合,提出了一种新的时间偏移/反偏移方法.利用改进的CRS参数建立精确的速度模型,提高偏移成像质量.将振幅映射到共偏移距顶点来生成共散射点道集,将偏移和中点上的多参数叠加,通过叠加数据,实现了叠前数据增强,道集的数量远高于传统叠前时间偏移的叠加数量.利用基于中点位移、半偏移距和偏移速度的算子进行反偏移处理,能量重新分配回时间域中的每个绕射同相轴,压制噪声,地震资料信噪比和成像精度均得到了提高.提高质量后的叠前数据可用于后续的速度分析、叠加、偏移等常规处理中,效果好于原始CMP道集.模型和实际数据的计算结果均验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,该方法在低信噪比资料的处理中将会有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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随着我国陆上地震勘探向复杂地表探区的转移,高精度、适应性强的地震成像方法在地震资料的处理、解释及后续属性分析、储层预测中具有重要意义.本文基于有效邻域波场近似理论发展了一种成像精度更高且适用于复杂起伏地表条件的叠前保幅高斯束偏移方法.在传统水平地表高斯束偏移的基础上,本文根据中心射线附近有效邻域内高斯束表征的近似波场,导出了起伏地表条件下具有相对振幅保持的高斯束偏移公式,并给出了一种精度更高的旁轴射线传播角度计算方法.同现有的高斯束偏移方法相比,本文方法不仅考虑了起伏地表对高斯束走时的线性影响,而且首次引入了由地表高程差异和近地表速度变化引起的二次时差校正项和振幅校正项,使得成像结果更加准确可靠.两个典型模型算例验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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黏弹性叠前时间偏移通过在偏移过程中补偿地球介质的吸收衰减,恢复被衰减的高频成分,进而获得较常规叠前时间偏移更高分辨率的偏移成像结果.相比于常规叠前时间偏移,该方法实现环节包含的频率域积分产生的巨大计算量,需要基于GPU加速实现才能满足工业应用对其计算效率的需求.本文针对黏弹性叠前时间偏移算法实现的这一特点,提出了修正其走时计算方法精度和应用分时段的频率域成像策略,在进一步提升计算效率的同时,改进了该方法对陡倾角构造和断层的成像效果.我们将改进的黏弹性叠前时间偏移方法应用于三维陆上地震资料,与现行的商业偏移软件对比表明,该方法不仅获得了更高分辨率的成像结果,也实现了对断层和陡倾角构造的清晰成像,而新方法的计算耗时也较改进前减少了三分之一以上. 相似文献
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We developed a reverse‐time migration scheme that can image regions with rugged topography without requiring any approximations by adopting an irregular, unstructured‐grid modelling scheme. This grid, which can accurately describe surface topography and interfaces between high‐velocity‐contrast regions, is generated by Delaunay triangulation combined with the centroidal Voronoi tessellation method. The grid sizes vary according to the migration velocities, resulting in significant reduction of the number of discretized nodes compared with the number of nodes in the conventional regular‐grid scheme, particularly in the case wherein high near‐surface velocities exist. Moreover, the time sampling rate can be reduced substantially. The grid method, together with the irregular perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition, enables the proposed scheme to image regions of interest using curved artificial boundaries with fewer discretized nodes. We tested the proposed scheme using the 2D SEG Foothill synthetic dataset. 相似文献
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针对稀疏采样,特别是crossline方向稀疏采样的三维地震数据,提出了一个基于波动方程方法的陡角度构造深度偏移成像方法.文中针对一类混合域（空间和波数）的波动方程偏移方法展开研究.通过建立反假频的单程波算子和通过（形式上）填充空道重建理想采样的地震数据,有效地实现了陡倾角地层的准确成像.这一算法策略解决了波动方程偏移方法在实际应用中的一个关键问题,从而更好地发挥了波动方程偏移方法在复杂构造成像上的优势.二维理论数据（Marmousi模型）和三维实际地震资料成像结果表明本文方法是有效的.这一方法对现行的三维地震数据处理有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1999,41(1):19-30
Optimal electromagnetic wave propagation velocities and subsurface images for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data can be specified by using an imaging scanning method. In addition to time-migrating the unmigrated GPR section, we remigrate the already time-migrated section by a one-step remigration operator using different velocities. This creates many time-migrated images for different constant migration velocities. In this way, the computation time for time-migration is very much reduced. Time-migrated reflector images `propagate' when the constant migration velocity is continuously changed. For this `propagation' there exists a wave-equation-type partial differential equation. Each time-migrated section can thus be viewed as a snapshot for a certain migration velocity. The time-migrated reflector images behave like `waves', called image waves. This is applied to real GPR data acquired over a concrete body within which a steel cable frame is buried. The method produces a quick velocity scan to find a reliable migration velocity leading to the best time-migrated image. 相似文献
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Guiting Chen Zhenli Wang Oluwatosin John Rotimi Suyang Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1314-1327
Conventional Kirchhoff prestack time migration based on the hyperbolic moveout can cause ambiguity in laterally inhomogeneous media, because the root mean square velocity corresponds to a one-dimensional model under the horizontal layer assumption; it does not include the lateral variations. The shot/receiver configuration with different offsets and azimuths should adopt different migration velocities as they contribute to a single image point. Therefore, we propose to use an offset-vector to describe the lateral variations through an offset-dependent velocity corresponding to the difference in offset from surface points to the image point. The offset-vector is decomposed into orthogonal directions along the in-line and cross-line directions so that the single velocity can be expressed as a series of actual velocities. We use a simple Snell's law-based ray tracing to calculate the travel time recorded at the image point and convert the travel time to an equivalent velocity corresponding to a pseudo-straight ray. The double-square-root equation using such an equivalent velocity in the offset-vector domain is non-hyperbolic and asymmetrical, which improves the accuracy of the migration. Numerical examples using the Marmousi model and a wide azimuth field data show that the proposed method can achieve reasonable accuracy and significantly enhances the imaging of complex structures. 相似文献
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Jiangtao Hu Huazhong Wang Zhongyu Fang Tiancai Li Jiannan Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1483-1497
Least‐squares reverse time migration provides better imaging result than conventional reverse time migration by reducing the migration artefacts, improving the resolution of the image and balancing the amplitudes of the reflectors. However, it is computationally intensive. To reduce its computational cost, we propose an efficient amplitude encoding least‐squares reverse time migration scheme in the time domain. Although the encoding scheme is effective in increasing the computational efficiency, it also introduces the well‐known crosstalk noise in the gradient that degrades the quality of the imaging result. We analyse the cause of the crosstalk noise using an encoding correlation matrix and then develop two numerical schemes to suppress the crosstalk noise during the inversion process. We test the proposed method with synthetic and field data. Numerical examples show that the proposed scheme can provide better imaging result than reverse time migration, and it also generates images comparable with those from common shot least‐squares reverse time migration but with less computational cost. 相似文献
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偏移成像是VSP数据处理中的一个重要环节,常规的VSP成像方法通常利用VSP-CDP转换或Kirchhoff偏移,均存在保幅性差及成像精度低等问题,而波动方程叠前深度偏移被认为是对地下复杂构造进行成像的精确偏移方法.任意广角波动方程作为一种高精度的空间域单程波波动方程,同时由于只含有二阶偏导数项,易于数值实现,与其他单程波波动方程相比,具有更大的成像倾角,因此是偏移成像的有力工具之一.本文将AWWE推广应用到VSP数据成像中,实现了VSP时空域高角度单程波方程偏移.首先从三维标量任意广角波动方程出发,推导了完全匹配层吸收边界条件,在基本不增加计算量的前提下有效地压制了边界反射成像噪音,同时利用非线性反演算法优选参考速度来提高平方根算子的近似程度,从而提高高角度地层的成像精度.模型数值模拟实验验证了该方法的有效性,同时表明该方法在陡倾角构造情况下能取得很好的成像效果.最后对某地区实际观测的VSP资料进行了偏移成像,并与地面地震偏移结果进行了对比,显示出VSP波动方程偏移在成像分辨率上的优势. 相似文献
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A modified reverse-time migration algorithm for offset vertical seismic profiling data is proposed. This algorithm performs depth imaging of target areas in the borehole vicinity without taking into account the overburden. Originally recorded seismograms are used; reliable results can be obtained using only the velocity profile obtained along the well. The downgoing wavefield emitted from a surface source is approximated in the target area using the transmitted P-wave, recorded by the receivers deployed in the well. This is achieved through a reverse-time extrapolation of the direct transmitted P-wave into the target area after its separation in offset vertical seismic profiling seismograms generated using a finite-difference scheme for the solution of the scalar wave equation.
The proposed approach produces 'kinematically' reliable images from reflected PP- and PS-waves and, furthermore, can be applied as a salt proximity tool for salt body flank imaging based on the transmitted PS-waves. Our experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the modified reverse-time migration provides reliable depth images based on offset vertical seismic profiling data even if only the velocity profile obtained along the borehole is used. 相似文献
The proposed approach produces 'kinematically' reliable images from reflected PP- and PS-waves and, furthermore, can be applied as a salt proximity tool for salt body flank imaging based on the transmitted PS-waves. Our experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the modified reverse-time migration provides reliable depth images based on offset vertical seismic profiling data even if only the velocity profile obtained along the borehole is used. 相似文献
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Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chong Zeng Jianghai Xia Richard D. MillerGeorgios P. Tsoflias 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(4):648-655
Conventional surface wave inversion for shallow shear (S)-wave velocity relies on the generation of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. This constrains the method to only laterally homogeneous (or very smooth laterally heterogeneous) earth models. Waveform inversion directly fits waveforms on seismograms, hence, does not have such a limitation. Waveforms of Rayleigh waves are highly related to S-wave velocities. By inverting the waveforms of Rayleigh waves on a near-surface seismogram, shallow S-wave velocities can be estimated for earth models with strong lateral heterogeneity. We employ genetic algorithm (GA) to perform waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for S-wave velocities. The forward problem is solved by finite-difference modeling in the time domain. The model space is updated by generating offspring models using GA. Final solutions can be found through an iterative waveform-fitting scheme. Inversions based on synthetic records show that the S-wave velocities can be recovered successfully with errors no more than 10% for several typical near-surface earth models. For layered earth models, the proposed method can generate one-dimensional S-wave velocity profiles without the knowledge of initial models. For earth models containing lateral heterogeneity in which case conventional dispersion-curve-based inversion methods are challenging, it is feasible to produce high-resolution S-wave velocity sections by GA waveform inversion with appropriate priori information. The synthetic tests indicate that the GA waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves has the great potential for shallow S-wave velocity imaging with the existence of strong lateral heterogeneity. 相似文献