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1.
The geometric and kinematic characterization of landslides affecting urban areas is a challenging goal that is routinely pursued via geological/geomorphological method and monitoring of ground displacements achieved by geotechnical and, more recently, advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (A-DInSAR) data. Although the integration of all the above-mentioned methods should be planned a priori to be more effective, datasets resulting from the independent use of these different methods are commonly available, thus making crucial the need for their standardized a posteriori integration. In this regard, the present paper aims to provide a contribution by introducing a procedure that, taking into account the specific limits of geological/geomorphological analyses and deep/surface ground displacement monitoring via geotechnical and A-DInSAR data, allows the a posteriori integration of the results by exploiting their complementarity for landslide characterization. The approach was tested in the urban area of Lungro village (Calabria region, southern Italy), which is characterized by complex geological/geomorphological settings, widespread landslides and peculiar urban fabric. In spite of the different level of information preliminarily available for each landslide as result of the independent use of the three methods, the implementation of the proposed procedure allowed a better understanding and typifying of the geometry and kinematics of 50 landslides. This provided part of the essential background for geotechnical landslide models to be used for slope stability analysis within landslide risk mitigation strategies.  相似文献   

2.
Landslides are frequently occurring natural hazards in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, particularly during monsoon season. The present study describes the geotechnical characterization and analysis of rainfall-induced landslide that occurred at Marappalam location of Nilgiris district on November 10, 2009. The detailed investigation comprises mapping of landslide, topographical survey, field and laboratory investigations, characterization of soil and rock, and numerical analysis. Field study comprises borehole and geophysical investigations. Detailed laboratory investigation was performed to identify index and engineering properties of soil and rock. Based on the results obtained from field and laboratory investigations, the generalized subsoil profile of Marappalam slope has been plotted. The investigations revealed that loose and soft soil layer with low permeability and plasticity interspersed with boulders could be the main source of debris flow. Scanning electron microscopic analysis and x-ray diffraction analysis were performed to study the influence of weathering on slope failure. Failure mechanism of Marappalam 2009 landslide was identified from the numerical analysis performed using landslide simulation program LS-RAPID. The analysis revealed that the 5-day antecedent rainfall (303 mm) and intense rainfall on 10th November 2009 (405 mm) saturate the slope due to infiltration of rainwater. This leads to a decrease in the matric suction and subsequent development of positive pore water pressure, which in turn reduces the shear resistance of the soil along with shear displacement, and resulted in a progressive failure.  相似文献   

3.
Over the last decade, terrestrial laser scanning and digital terrestrial photogrammetry techniques have been increasingly used in the geometrical characterization of rock slopes. These techniques provide innovative remote sensing tools which overcome the frequent problem of rock slope inaccessibility. Comprehensive datasets characterizing the structural geological setting and geometry of the slopes can be obtained. The derived information is very useful in rock slope investigations and finds application in a wide variety of geotechnical and mine operations. In this research an integrated remote sensing – GIS approach is proposed for the deterministic kinematic characterization of the Lorano open pit in the Apuan Alps of Italy. Based on the results of geomatic and engineering geological surveys, additional geomechanical analysis using a 3D finite difference method will be presented in order to provide a better understanding of the role of stress-induced damage on slope performance.  相似文献   

4.
This study investigates the causes and failure mechanism of the Aksu landslide that occurred during the construction of the Giresun–Espiye road between KM: 1 + 030–1 + 170 in northern Turkey and recommends proper stabilization techniques. For the purpose of investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure, engineering geological mapping, geotechnical investigation and rock mass characterization were performed. From top to bottom, weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch, and dacitic tuffite were the major units in the study area. The disturbance of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope (i.e., due to the foundation excavation for the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut) led to a “translational slide”. The “translational slide” occurred in completely weathered tuffite due to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope, particularly for the foundation excavation of the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut along the Giresun–Espiye road. The rise in the groundwater level was also another important factor that has contributed to the occurrence of the landslide. After establishing the geometry of the landslide in detail, the shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method. Sensitivity analyses were performed and landslide failure mechanisms were modeled to quantify the contributing factors that have caused the formation of the Aksu landslide. The influence of an earthquake was investigated through pseudostatic slope stability analysis. Toe buttressing, ground water drainage, and surface water drainage alternatives were considered for stabilizing the slope.  相似文献   

5.
The slopes of western Lesser Himalaya (at Sangaldhan Block of Udhampur near Ramban, Jammu and Kashmir India) are being severely affected by tectonic and erosional activities. These activities result in deposit of a thick cover of rock fragments and overburden just above the hard rock. The thickness of overburden cover has directly affected the stability of slope in the study area, though the traditional stability estimation techniques, rock mass rating and slope mass rating, rate this area as moderately stable which does not represent the real stability condition. In this research work, the geotechnical and geophysical surveys have been carried out to reckon the slope stability conditions more accurately as compared to traditional slope stability estimation techniques. A new rating, new slope mass rating, is developed, which gives a better picture of the stability of slopes. It incorporates a new parameter of overburden thickness profile, along with slope angle and other associated factors on the slopes of the mountainous terrains. The vertical electrical sounding surveys were conducted for the demarcation of rock–overburden interface and for determining the overburden cover. This new classification depicts an increase of 12.84 % in unstable slope areas giving a better assessment and factual picture of slope stability in our study area. This study also enumerates the importance of geophysical applications in slope stability studies. The research work is applicable in mountainous terrains such as Himalaya, and the major component of the application is the orientation of overburden or the profile of thickness in relation with slope of surface.  相似文献   

6.
在西藏昌都市江达县波罗乡发生的两次高位大型滑坡,形成堰塞体阻断金沙江,其溃决洪水对下游造成了巨大损失.本文基于野外地质调查与工程验证、遥感影像、倾斜摄影测量、岩体微观特征,结合区域地质资料进行分析研究.结果表明:(1)白格滑坡发育于金沙江构造混杂岩带,坡体属于河谷型构造破碎松散体;(2)坡体物质主要由弱变形构造透镜体岩块和强变形错动带(糜棱岩带、碎裂岩带、断层泥)组成,镜下岩石结构破坏严重,岩石强度显著降低;(3)断层破碎带控制滑坡体两侧及后缘边界,为滑坡提供了侧向及后缘的切割面;(4)不连续错动带为白格滑坡的滑动层,在重力卸荷作用下发生贯通,导致坡体发生多期次崩滑;(5)综合坡体失稳启动分析,白格滑坡为"推移式+牵引式"混合型滑坡;(6)白格滑坡是在内动力和外动力耦合作用相互交替下促进形成,加之金沙江对坡脚掏蚀,松散体在重力卸荷作用下剪切破坏致使滑坡发生.白格滑坡事件可为研究金沙江构造混杂岩带中大型滑坡形成机制提供依据,同时也为该区域防灾减灾研究提供理论指导.   相似文献   

7.
基于蒙特卡罗法的多级黄土滑坡可靠性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
滑坡稳定性分析目前工程中一般采用极限平衡算法。为了确定滑坡的稳定性系数,在计算过程中要将岩土体、计算模型简化,忽略一些影响滑坡稳定的次要因素,把影响滑坡稳定的各种主要因素作为确定参数。由于滑坡岩土体本身的非均质性及其参数确定具有随机性和变异性,用唯一的稳定系数不能客观地反映整个滑坡的真实安全程度。以陕西省夏呀河滑坡为例,通过野外详细调查、工程勘探和室内土工试验,初步确定该滑坡存在四级滑动面,难以用简单的单一滑动面计算其稳定性。因此,先采用推力传递系数法对滑坡体上的四级滑坡分别进行滑坡稳定性计算,得到该滑坡体上的四级滑坡稳定系数。再采用蒙特卡罗法对该四级滑坡进行可靠性分析,得到其可靠度,定量地表达夏呀河四级滑坡的安全程度。同时对比分析夏呀河四级滑坡的稳定系数和失稳概率,综合评价该滑坡体上的四级滑坡的稳定性及其风险概率,为滑坡的工程治理及预测预警、灾害危险性评价提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
在库岸边坡稳定性分析中,按传统的滑坡稳这定性计算方法搜索滑面,本身就是一项繁琐的工作,库水位变动的影响使问题变得更加复杂。数值分析方法在这方面就体现出其优越性。本文采用专业岩土工程软件FLAC^3D计算软件,在枯水期和洪水期对杨家坝滑坡进行了分析,研究了两个时期滑坡的变形与受力状态,判定了滑坡的稳定性。结果表明,利用数值方法分析库岸边坡稳定性的方法是值得借鉴的。  相似文献   

9.
Landslides are widespread along the north-western coast of the Island of Malta and are strictly linked to the structural setting. Exemplary cases of rock spreading and block sliding phenomena characterise this stretch of coast. They are favoured by the overposition of two different geological units widely outcropping there, the Blue Clay Formation and the Upper Coralline Limestone Formation. The latter forms a wide plateau, bordered by vertical cliffs. At the foot of the cliffs, clayey terrains crop out and develop gentle slopes covered by large blocks detached and moved by rock spreading and block sliding phenomena. These mass movements are favoured by the fragile behaviour of limestones, which cap clays, otherwise characterised by visco-plastic properties. In order to investigate the kinematics and the evolution of these types of coastal landslides, a multidisciplinary and multitechnical approach was applied on a study site, named Il-Prajjet, which provides a spectacular case of rock spreading evolving into block sliding. This paper illustrates the results achieved by means of different engineering geological and geophysical techniques allied with traditional detailed geomorphological survey and mapping. In particular, the surface displacements of the landslides were determined using long-term GPS observations, acquired approximately every 6 months, over a 4.5-year period. A network of GPS benchmarks were distributed on the edge of a limestone plateau affected by rock spreading and on a series of displaced blocks making up a large block slide, finally enabling the definition of the state of activity and the rates of movement to be performed. In addition, the results deriving from two continuous fissurimeters more recently installed at the edge of two persistent joints over the block sliding area are outlined, with reference to the correlation between variations of crack apertures and precipitation input. In order to identify main structural discontinuities and to reconstruct variability of underground surface contact between clays and overlying limestones, Resistivity Tomography profiles and GPR investigations were carried out. Finally, the results obtained by combining the outputs of geophysical surveys and different field monitoring activities can be considered a first step on which numerical models can be developed and validated, in order to assess landslide hazard and risk of this stretch of Maltese coastline.  相似文献   

10.
A ground model of an active and complex landslide system in instability prone Lias mudrocks of North Yorkshire, UK is developed through an integrated approach, utilising geophysical, geotechnical and remote sensing investigative methods. Surface geomorphology is mapped and interpreted using immersive 3D visualisation software to interpret airborne light detection and ranging data and aerial photographs. Subsurface structure is determined by core logging and 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), which is deployed at two scales of resolution to provide a means of volumetrically characterising the subsurface expression of both site scale (tens of metres) geological structure, and finer (metre to sub-metre) scale earth-flow related structures. Petrophysical analysis of the borehole core samples is used to develop relationships between the electrical and physical formation properties, to aid calibration and interpretation of 3D ERT images. Results of the landslide investigation reveal that an integrated approach centred on volumetric geophysical imaging successfully achieves a detailed understanding of structure and lithology of a complex landslide system, which cannot be achieved through the use of remotely sensed data or discrete intrusive sampling alone.  相似文献   

11.
Back analysis of a large landslide in a flysch rock mass   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Flysch is a sedimentary rock consisting of a rhythmic alternation of hard (limestone, sandstone, siltstone) and weak (marl, mudstone, claystone) layers. Because of the presence of layers with different physical properties, the mechanical characterization of heterogeneous rock masses such as flysch is a real challenge. Different methods have been proposed in the literature to characterize flysch, combining empirical classification indexes with laboratory tests. Most of these methods, however, were specifically designed for tunneling and underground excavations, and their applicability to slope stability problems is not yet fully investigated. In this study, we analyze a large landslide in a cretaceous flysch rock in order to compare the mobilized strength at failure with those predicted by the modified GSI method (Marinos and Hoek, 2001). The landslide occurred in the Savena River basin (Northern Apennines of Italy) on April 6, 2013, with a volume of about 3 million m3. Soon after the failure, geological, geotechnical, and geophysical investigations were carried out to detect the failure mechanism and define the landslide geometry. Back analyses of the failed slope were performed using both limit equilibrium and finite difference methods to estimate the in situ strength of the flysch. The results show that the mobilized rock mass cohesion is very low (c '?≈?20?÷?40 kPa) and that the modified GSI method can predict the in situ strength only assuming a disturbance factor D = 1. Moreover, the analysis shows that the linearization criteria proposed in literature to compute the equivalent Mohr-Coulomb parameters remarkably overestimate the rock mass strength.  相似文献   

12.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computation approach to solve nonlinear global optimization problems. The PSO idea was made based on simulation of a simplified social system, the graceful but unpredictable choreography of birds flock. This system is initialized with a population of random solutions that are updated during iterations. Over the last few years, PSO has been extensively applied in various geotechnical engineering aspects such as slope stability analysis, pile and foundation engineering, rock and soil mechanics, and tunneling and underground space design. A review on the literature shows that PSO has utilized more widely in geotechnical engineering compared with other civil engineering disciplines. This is due to comprehensive uncertainty and complexity of problems in geotechnical engineering which can be solved by using the PSO abilities in solving the complex and multi-dimensional problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the applicability, advantages and limitation of PSO in different disciplines of geotechnical engineering to provide an insight to an alternative and superior optimization method compared with the conventional optimization techniques for geotechnical engineers.  相似文献   

13.
赵海军  马凤山  李志清  郭捷  张家祥 《地球科学》2022,47(12):4401-4416
应用概率地震危险性评价模型进行地震滑坡危险性区划,是解决潜在地震诱发滑坡危险性评价中震源不确定性与诱发滑坡时空不确定性的有效方法.通过理论分析,结合鲁甸地震区的实际情况,对基于力学原理的Newmark滑块位移模型与概率地震滑坡危险性分析方法中的参数的不确定性问题进行了分析,将斜坡岩土体地震作用下的强度衰减效应、地震加速度地形放大效应、断层破碎带效应融合到了斜坡累积位移计算模型中,进行了模型计算参数的优化.改进后的分析模型,更好地反映了高陡斜坡地形与断层破碎带对地震滑坡灾害发育的控制作用,在鲁甸地震区域滑坡应用中,优化模型中的滑坡失稳极高风险区与实际地震滑坡分布表现出了较好的一致性,在超越概率2%的滑坡失稳概率分布中,鲁甸地区包谷垴—小河断裂、鲁甸—昭通断裂带及牛栏江河谷地带地震滑坡高—极高风险区分布面积增幅十分显著.因此,在Newmark滑块位移模型中考虑地震动参数与岩土参数动态响应规律与变量间的定量关系,对于提高区域斜坡稳定性分析的可靠性具有重要意义.   相似文献   

14.
袁广祥 《地质与勘探》2018,54(1):158-165
因围岩质量评价对地下洞室的设计、施工具有重要作用,因此勘察规范对洞室围岩质量评价具有明确的规定。围岩质量评价方法很多,但在勘察阶段,围岩质量的评价结果与实际情况有很多差别。造成这种问题的主要原因是岩体质量评价需要准确而丰富的工程地质数据,而在勘察阶段,洞室围岩的直接数据有限,多为间接数据(物探数据)和推测数据(以地表工程地质测绘数据和钻孔数据为基础进行推测)。根据勘察阶段所获得的工程地质数据,以钻孔中岩心质量与测井数据之间的关系为基础,建立岩体质量与地球物理参数之间的关系,多种地球物理参数对比,可以比较准确地预测目标围岩质量。通过某花岗岩体中钻孔随深度变化的BQ值曲线、RQD曲线、测井曲线和电磁法物探剖面的对比,发现岩体质量与物探数据很难一一对应,但其大致趋势一致。  相似文献   

15.
根据地球物理探测、海底取样、钻探及现场测试等实测资料详细分析，发现粤港澳跨海大桥海域具有独特的自然条件以及复杂的海洋工程地质特征。海底地形地貌较为复杂，存在含浅层气区、活动性断层、沙波、地震活动、不规则基岩、埋藏古河道、冲刷槽沟和水下浅滩等潜在灾害地质因素，尤其粤港澳跨海大桥是特大型建筑，它经过的海域分布着多种潜在的地质灾害，应引起重视。  相似文献   

16.
巨石作为一种大体积、大质量的滚石,其崩塌失稳及高速、高能远程运动往往导致沿途建筑物和交通线路的毁灭性灾难。以西藏自治区G318国道K4580典型滑坡为工程背景,基于三维非连续变形分析（three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis,简称3D-DDA）方法研究巨石崩塌失稳及运动全过程的特征与现象。分别建立该边坡未滑坡、浅层滑坡后和深层滑坡后3种坡形的巨石崩塌3D-DDA数值模型。采用滚石运动横向偏移经验模型,验证3D-DDA巨石运动模拟的准确性。在此基础上,分析巨石崩塌失稳机制及破坏后沿3种不同坡形边坡的运动轨迹和动能演进等运动特征。结果表明,3D-DDA能够有效模拟巨石崩塌失稳、运动发展、剧烈冲击碰撞直至最终静止等整个动力学过程。巨石崩塌表现为滑动→倾倒?滑动→倾倒→翻转?下落的失稳模式转换;巨石运动表现为碰撞、弹跳、飞跃、滚动、滑动等多种运动形式以及横向偏移、侧向偏转等三维空间运动特征,经过道路并与高架桥发生碰撞,引发巨石灾害。不同坡面几何特征下的巨石运动偏移量、弹跳高度、运动至坡底碰撞时间、最终稳定时间等均随着未滑坡、浅层滑坡后、深层滑坡后3种坡形变化而减小。通过3D-DDA巨石崩塌运动分析,预测巨石运动全过程、影响范围、冲击能量、停积位置等,可为巨石防灾减灾对策或措施制定提供依据。  相似文献   

17.
岩土体是组成斜坡地质结构的基本单元,斜坡地质结构类型与地质灾害的发育类型密切相关。店子街幅图幅调查范围内主要发育软弱-较坚硬层状泥岩、砂岩岩组,风积黄土单层土体,粉土、砂砾卵石双层土体,粉土、碎石和基岩碎屑多层土体等4类岩土体,这些不同的岩土体组成了6种不同的斜坡地质结构,进而演变形成了不同类型、不同规模的斜坡地质灾害。黄土斜坡结构和黄土—冲洪积层斜坡结构多演变发生小型滑坡灾害、黄土—泥岩斜坡结构多演变发生中—大型黄土泥岩滑坡灾害、泥岩与泥质砂岩互层斜坡结构多演变发生崩塌灾害、泥岩风化堆积层斜坡结构和滑坡堆积层斜坡结构多演变发生小-中型滑坡灾害。研究不同斜坡地质结构与地质灾害发育类型的发育关系,有助于进一步开展区域崩塌、滑坡形成机理研究,研究成果有助于洮河下游地质灾害防治工作的展开,并为地方政府科学制定地质灾害防灾减灾规划提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

18.
卡拉水电站上田滑坡体稳定性分析及评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李红英 《地质与勘探》2012,48(2):359-365
[摘 要] 为了分析卡拉水电站工程区某滑坡体的稳定性,通过对其滑坡成因、地形地貌、地质构造、 岩土力学参数敏感性等内在因素分析可知,滑坡体随着坡面隆起和坡内扩容加剧,在外界作用下易导致 边坡失稳破坏;其层面与节理裂隙的不良组合为边坡变形失稳提供了边界,陡倾坡内的裂隙,为地下水 的入渗创造了条件;滑坡稳定性随着岩土力学强度参数的提高而增强。通过对降雨、水位升降和地震等 外在因素的敏感性分析可知,库水位骤升骤降对滑坡的稳定性影响较大;短期降雨影响较小,但时间增 长滑坡失稳概率增加;地震峰值对滑坡稳定性影响较为明显。同时根据分析结果对滑坡体进行了工况 及荷载组合,并对各工况组合进行了稳定性计算及评价,得出水位下降时滑坡稳定性处于极限状态,在 蓄水地震工况下失稳概率较大。  相似文献   

19.
碎石土滑坡由于内部含有大量的碎块石,容易形成架空结构,使其内部拥有独特的渗流系统。不同结构的碎石土形成的渗流通道不同,导致滑坡体的失稳情形也各不相同,因此,针对性的防治措施也难于制定。福建省安溪县岩山角落滑坡具有多元结构碎石土滑坡的特征。在对碎石土滑坡进行物探、钻探、水位监测等多重手段整体勘测的基础上,利用SketchUp软件进行建模分析,获取了多元结构碎石土滑坡渗流系统与滑坡物质结构在空间上的关系,并对两类渗流系统的变形敏感性和降雨敏感性进行对比。结果显示,粗石状碎石土区域以集中渗流为主,假斑状碎石土区域以管网状渗流为主,前者对降雨的敏感性较后者高,而受渗流通道的整体强度和渗流稳定性的影响,前者对于滑坡变形的敏感性要低于后者。基于上述分析,确定采用抗滑桩和排水盲沟等工程措施进行治理,根据地下水监测数据和现场验证,治理效果良好,可供其他类似滑坡防治工程提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

20.
重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡视向滑动机制分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
冯振  殷跃平  李滨  张明 《岩土力学》2012,33(9):2704-2713
重庆武隆鸡尾山山体为典型的斜倾厚层灰岩山体,其破坏模式不同于常见侧向崩塌-堆积层滑坡,属于真倾向滑移变形转为视向整体滑动的特殊失稳模式。在现场地质调查的基础上,从地层岩性、岩体结构、岩溶及地下水作用、软弱夹层等影响因素分析重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡形成原因;根据滑坡破坏机制,基于关键块体控制理论,对鸡尾山滑坡进行三维稳定性极限平衡分析;利用三维离散元软件模拟鸡尾山滑坡的初始变形破坏过程,分析了鸡尾山滑坡不同影响因素条件下的视向滑动形成机制和变形破坏特征,并探讨了节理化和溶蚀岩体的参数取值。结果分析认为,在重力的长期作用下,鸡尾山山体初始沿真倾向方向滑移,沿岩溶发育的陡倾节理裂隙逐渐产生后缘及侧向裂缝,形成块状后部驱动块体,由于地下水等因素使软弱夹层软化,驱动块体下滑力增大,前缘阻滑关键块体内部应力积累,并最终沿强度较低的岩溶发育带发生剪切破坏,从而导致整体滑动;在进行滑坡稳定性极限平衡分析时,考虑实际的滑坡机制,将滑体分为驱动块体和关键块体分别进行力的解析,并以关键块体的安全系数代表滑坡的安全系数更加合理。数值模拟显示,软弱夹层强度降低、岩溶发育带剪切破坏后,滑体进入大变形阶段,表明关键块体控制和阻滑作用明显,软弱夹层强度降低是滑坡发生的关键因素。采矿形成的采空区对山体的影响主要是使上覆岩体压应力增大,但对滑体的变形无影响。  相似文献   

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