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1.
随着社会经济的发展,我国的城镇化进程不断加速,于此同时产生的生态破坏、地质灾害、环境污染等生态地质环境问题也日益突出。因此,生态地质环境承载力的研究,对一个地区城镇化及经济的发展都有一定的指导意义。本文在对生态地质环境承载力内涵及影响因素分析的基础上,根据城市经济区生态地质环境的普遍情况,分层次探讨了生态地质环境承载力评价指标体系的内容。把生态地质环境承载力评价指标体系分为3个子系统,它们分别是：地质环境子系统、生态环境子系统和社会环境子系统。并且根据宁夏沿黄经济区的特点,从正负两个方面对3个系统内的各个指标进行阐述,并对其影响程度进行分析打分。然后,利用GIS技术的空间叠加技术,对宁夏沿黄经济区的生态地质环境承载力进行分级。此区域共分为三级：第一级为适宜建设区,第二级为适度控制建设区,第三级为中度控制建设区。 相似文献
2.
《Geoforum》2014
Amid a rapid expansion of global investments in biofuels there has been an equally rapid proliferation of concerns about the inadequacies of current governance schemes to mitigate the environmental impacts of growing agroenergy production. Managing the land use practices of small producers in a way that ensures their activities are financially and environmentally sustainable is a particularly pressing issue that has been overlooked in research on biofuel governance. I illuminate these challenges through an ethnographic study on the multiple breakdowns of environmental governance in the Southern Goiás region of Brazil, a major expansion region for sugarcane ethanol production. I focus on one of the most pressing compliance issues among small and medium size sugarcane farmers; their persistent use of federally mandated conservation areas for cattle production. I find that while these transgressions are often perceived by administrators and officials as being the result of a lack of “environmental awareness” among rural farmers, they are better understood as a safety net to protect landowners against perceived risks of sugarcane production. These violations are further enabled by continuing ambiguity in the enforcement structure for conservation legislation in the region. Recalibrating regulatory systems to better address these issues of accountability and risk is a critical step toward improving environmental governance of global biofuel commodity chains. 相似文献
3.
It has long been understood that as ephemeral landscape features sand dunes are highly sensitive to environmental change, and thus their distribution and the timing of their development may provide clues to past climate dynamics. The relationship between climate and dune activity, however, is neither simple nor straightforward, with a range of controls affecting the balance between erodibility (the availability of sediment for deflation) and erosivity (the potential for sediment transport). To explore such complex systems over large spatial and temporal scales, a number of dune activity indices (DAI) have been created that incorporate wind speed and moisture balances to calculate the potential for, and degree of dune mobilisation. Using modern weather station data, these indices have generally been shown to provide reasonable indications of dune activity potential. Until recently, however, the detailed quantitative data required to inform these equations has not been available for past climate scenarios, and attempts to determine the relative importance of the various controls of dune activity have relied on rough estimations of climatic parameters. This paper combines data from monthly general circulation model (GCM) outputs from the coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCMs for 21 ka with the most detailed DAI equation presently available to calculate the potential for dune reactivation in southern Africa during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 18–24 ka). Based on these data and calculations it is indicated that there was significantly less potential for dune activity across southern Africa at 21 ka. When compared to the aeolian sediment records from the region, this study poses serious and fundamental questions about: 1) the reliability of the model outputs, 2) the degree to which DAIs are able to account for the complexity and dynamics of aeolian systems, and/or 3) the interpretation of dune records as palaeoclimatic proxies at millennial time scales. 相似文献
4.
Conservation and community in the new South Africa: A case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brian H. King 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):207-219
The idealization of natural landscapes and peoples during colonialism, coupled with the popularity of sustainable development in the postcolonial era, has contributed to the expansion of conservation planning throughout the African continent. Concerns surrounding the promotion of national and international conservation agendas at the expense of local livelihood needs have generated interest in community conservation projects that attempt to include local participation and knowledge in natural resource management. The early excitement associated with community conservation has waned in light of recent assessments that it has been unsuccessful in meeting its ecological and social goals. This parallels other research that suggests communities are understood in generic or homogenous ways that influence how these initiatives are understood. Using a case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve, this paper evaluates how rural households access environmental and economic resources to produce livelihoods, and how these access patterns impact their views of the project. It is argued that there are significant livelihood variations within the community that shape the ways households engage with, and benefit from, conservation planning. Rather than strictly viewing Mahushe Shongwe as a constraint to environmental resource access or site for limited employment, community members identify a number of benefits from its existence including education and development opportunities. Additionally, transformations in governance systems in the region impact community views of the project since younger residents are less likely to engage with the Matsamo Tribal Authority, which participates in managing the reserve. The consequence is that conservation has various impacts and meanings within a specific community that remain tied to the livelihood and governance systems being renegotiated in the post-apartheid era. 相似文献
5.
B. B. Cruz L. A. Manfré D.S. Ricci D. Brunoro L. Appolinario Jr. J. A. Quintanilha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(12):441
Water resources availability is increasingly constrained, considering the quality and quantity available for use. There is an urgent need of recovering this availability, focusing on the planning and management process of water supply systems. One of the main threats to water resources is related to erosion effects, namely widespread pollution load and the silting of watercourses and reservoirs useful life reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate water supply systems environmental fragility within the Paulista Macro Metropolis area and to use the results to develop environmental zone classes to orient territorial planning. The study was conducted in seven superficial water supply systems of the aforementioned region. Environmental fragility evaluation was focused on four environmental variables that represent natural vulnerability to erosion, and 2015 land cover map to delineate human influence on erosive processes. Results indicate that Tietê River water supply systems, namely Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí (PCJ) and Itupararanga systems, can be considered the most fragile water supply systems in the study area. The environmental fragility map was used to derive the environmental zoning map, including conservation and priority areas, suitable regions for agriculture expansion, and areas with high needs for restoration efforts. In addition, environmental fragility framework herein can be viewed as a model with high replication potential for regional planning and management in that land cover can be manipulated to minimize environment natural vulnerability, guiding territorial occupation toward a more sustainable landscape design, which subsidizes water resources multiple uses. 相似文献
6.
Yongping Liang Xubo Gao Chunhong Zhao Chunlei Tang Haoyong Shen Zhiheng Wang Yanxin Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1371-1385
In Northern China, karst systems in widely distributed carbonate rocks are one of the most important water supplies for local inhabitants. Constrained by the specific geological and geomorphological conditions, most karst water in this region is discharged as individual or groups of springs. This paper summarizes the characteristics, chemistry, and environmental quality of these karst systems in Northern China. Five structural models of karst water systems were identified based on the relationships between the karst geological strata and karst groundwater flow fields. These specific structural models may closely relate to the attendant environmental geological issues and consistent risks from pollution. Over the past 40 years, the karst water systems in Northern China have suffered from various environmental problems, including deteriorating water quality, the drying up of springs, a continuous decline in the level of karst water, and so on. Based on the field investigation and previous data, a preliminary summary is provided of the environmental problems related to the development and evolutionary trends of karst water in this region. The results highlight the significant challenges associated with karst water, and it is essential that all segments of society be made aware of the situation in order to demand change. In addition, the study provides a scientific basis for the management, protection, and sustainable utilization of karst water resources. 相似文献
7.
Eslam A. Al-Hogaraty Hassan K. Garamoon Farouk El-Baz Reinhard Zölitz-Möller Mohamed A. Abdel Moati 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4093-4107
Wadi Wurayah area is one of the major wadis originating and running on the Oman Mountains and drains into the Oman Gulf. These wadis in general and Wadi Wurayah in particular are characterized with a rich diversity of rare and mountainous and freshwater habitats and species. These wadis contain unequal, representative, and sensitive areas of the dry lands ecosystem with natural, outstanding landscapes and cultural heritage, while the socioeconomic situation indicates that it has enough socioeconomic infrastructures to develop new alternatives ecologically and economically sustainable. As most of the United Arab Emirates and the region, the study area is undergoing dramatic changes linked to economic diversification and promotion of tourism. Established under the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Program, Wurayah Biosphere Reserve represents protected areas intended to demonstrate well-balanced relationship between conservation of biodiversity and an appropriate local development. The main objectives of this study are to develop an environmental information system to understand the dynamics of human activities associated to land use in the study area, highlight the threats to the environment, educate people about the basic environmental issues and positive traditional practices, and promote tourism. Based on the gained results, the concept of biosphere reserve as a model is to implement ideas of sustainable land use in practice. 相似文献
8.
S. Tayebi S. F. Moosavi S. A. Poorhashemi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(7):1573-1582
Nowadays, two fundamental pillars of human existence are environmental protection and sustainable development. Governments and international organizations play an important role in this process. Without serious regional interactions and international cooperation, sustainability in development and environmental protection will not happen. Except for international interactions and global peace, sustainable development and development sustainability are not on their accurate paths. An effective method for natural resources and ecosystems conservation is environmental diplomacy. Therefore, environmental discussions are extremely important reasons for international convergence. Through convergence attitude, the international community can reach the global environmental conservation strategies. In this study, it is attempted to determine the international environmental law evolution and the governments’ roles in environmental challenges underlying the international convergence and legal fundamentals. It is concluded that, environmental threats and hazards resulted from illogical human act can be solved by international convergence, environmental conservation and global peace. 相似文献
9.
油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
世界能源日益减少的局面为油页岩的开发应用带来广阔的前景，但油页岩工业所带来的环境影响亦不容忽视。以抚顺油页岩为例，从油页岩综合利用和油页岩工业对环境的影响等方面系统讨论了在我国发展油页岩工业时，如何本着节约能源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的观念，利用现有先进技术，科学发展油页岩工业，降低生产过程中的固、液、气污染物对环境的危害。 相似文献
10.
空间数据：性质、影响和分析方法 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
20世纪90年代以来,以信息技术为主要标志的科学进步日新月异,正深刻地改变着人类社会的生产和生活方式。人类活动所涉及的信息80％以上属空间信息,可由地理坐标确定其空间区位,美国已将发展空间信息科学视为提升其国家竞争力水平的重要途径之一。2000年美国国家地理信息与分析中心（Nat ionalCenterforGeo graphicInformat ionandAnalysis,NCGIA）在其跨世纪的研究规划中提出了发展地理信息科学的Varenius计划。Varenius计划要求研究空间信息的不确定性理论,并开发处理这种不确定性的空间数据分析技术。鉴于空间数据的两维多方向性,空间数据所包含的误差远比单一方向性的时间序列数据来得复杂。最近发展起来的空间统计学和空间计量经济学不仅解决了标准统计方法在处理空间数据时的失误问题,更重要的是为测量这种空间联系及其性质、并在建模时明确地引入空间联系变量以估算与检验其贡献提供了全新的手段。基于美国地理信息科学的发展动态,重点阐释空间统计学和空间计量经济学的理论基础,包括空间数据的性质、空间信息的误差理论、空间数据分析的类型和内容。 相似文献
11.
中国西部地区矿产资源开发与环境保护 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国西部地区矿产资源丰富,矿业开发已成为西部地区经济发展的主要产业之一。由于受各种因素的影响,矿产资源的开发引起了一系列环境地质问题。在西部大开发进程中,如果不能很好地解决这些环境地质问题,将会阻碍西部地区的社会经济可持续发展。在论述西部地区矿产资源概况、由矿产资源开发引起的环境地质问题的基础上,提出了对这些环境地质问题进行防治和环境保护措施。 相似文献
12.
Industrial archaeology has developed as an important aspect of conservation during the second half of the twentieth century
in the Western world and there have been great opportunities in transition countries since 1989 on account of economic restructuring
and the importance given to 'niche' tourism. While the core interest lies with machines and industrial buildings, attention
is also given to transport systems and the social context, with respect to relations between owners, managers and workers.
Moreover, the desirability of maintaining old industrial installations within their traditional landscape settings enables
industrial archaeology to make a contribution to sustainable development. This paper considers the prospects for Romania,
with particular reference to the Reşiţa area of the Banat Carpathians. The mineral resources of this region gave rise to a
metallurgical industry which was established under Habsburg administration in the eighteenth century and continues today.
In addition to the principal factories in Anina and Reşiţa, the mining installations, transport systems and power stations
contribute to a diverse industrial region in a distinctive physical and cultural setting. The development of the complex is
summarised and the opportunities for conservation are evaluated. The tourist infrastructure of the area is also examined with
regard to the range of accommodation available.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
矿山遥感监测是近年来国土资源部门管理矿产资源开发、整顿和规范矿业秩序的一项重要的矿情调查工作。西藏罗布莎铬铁矿区是我国铬铁矿的主要产区,随着国民经济的快速发展,对铬铁矿石的开采力度和强度在逐年增大。为了更好地促进矿产经济及环境的可持续发展,选用WorldView-2遥感数据,首次深入分析了罗布莎矿山开发过程中不同地物遥感影像特征,建立了各类矿山地物的高空间分辨率遥感解译标志,通过遥感解译与野外查证工作,基本查明了研究区矿山开发状况和矿山地质生态环境现状,并对矿区开发现状与矿山环境进行了统计和分析,基于遥感矿山监测,给出了合理的矿山环境恢复建议。结果表明：WorldView-2作为高分辨率遥感影像,空间分辨率高,包含全色和8个多光谱波段,信息量丰富,解译精度高,在矿山遥感监测乃至更广范围的动态监测中应用可以取得很好的效果。 相似文献
14.
The Qilian Mountains water conservation forest in Gansu province is an important ecological barrier surrounding the oasis in China’s Hexi Corridor. The water they provide is the basis for the existence and sustainable socioeconomic development of those oases. As a result of unsustainable use of the water conservation forest until the 1980s, the oasis ecosystems of the Hexi region were seriously damaged, and the oasis areas experienced deterioration of their ecological environment. In this paper, Landsat images were used to monitor the temporal and spatial changes in area of water conservation in Qilian Mountains of China’s Gansu province and to assess the effect on water conservation by analyzed relationship between water conservation forest area, climatic data and hydrological data. The results showed that the forest covered 15.1% of the study area in 2007 and has followed different trends during the study period. From 1978 to 1990, the forest area decreased; however, from 1990 to 2007, the forest area increased, with a faster rate of increase from 1990 to 2000, and the rate of increase averaged 2,733.89 ha per year since 1990. The water conservation forest appears to play an important role in flood control, runoff regulation, the prevention of soil erosion, and water conservation; and these benefits increase with an increasing area of forest. 相似文献
15.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development. 相似文献
16.
广东省红色风化壳地区水土流失严重性的成因分析--以五华县为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
红色风化壳地区是一个典型的水土流失区，水土流失妨碍了区域的可持续发展。本文分析了广东省花岗岩风化壳地区水土流失的成因，主要从岩性土质、气候水文、地形地貌、森林植被、人类活动等方面分别论述了它们对水土流失的影响。最后以广东省五华县为例，分析了其水土流失严重性及治理，以期为以后的水土保持工作的开展提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
17.
C. Patrick Heidkamp 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):62-75
This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the integration of economic aspects and environmental aspects into the decision-making process for sustainable development strategies. The aim is integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and environmental valuation methods in the structure of a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in order to better evaluate spatial concerns. The conceptual approach is augmented by a modest case study of a marina development in Santa Rosaliita on the Baja California peninsula in Mexico. This marina project is part of the proposed ‘Escalera Nautica’ an ambitious regional development scheme, which has caused controversy concerning its social, economic and environmental implications. The paper outlines the necessity to develop spatially conscious methodologies for a policy relevant research regarding sustainable regional development. Additionally, the paper contributes a spatial analytic perspective based on normative economic principles to the recent discussion on environmental economic geography. 相似文献
18.
Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: An overview 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
The aim of this paper is to discuss a number of issues related to the use of spatial information for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment. The paper centers around the types of spatial data needed for each of these components, and the methods for obtaining them. A number of concepts are illustrated using an extensive spatial data set for the city of Tegucigalpa in Honduras. The paper intends to supplement the information given in the “Guidelines for Landslide Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Zoning for Land Use Planning” by the Joint ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG Technical Committee on Landslides and Engineered Slopes (JTC-1). The last few decades have shown a very fast development in the application of digital tools such as Geographic Information Systems, Digital Image Processing, Digital Photogrammetry and Global Positioning Systems. Landslide inventory databases are becoming available to more countries and several are now also available through the internet. A comprehensive landslide inventory is a must in order to be able to quantify both landslide hazard and risk. With respect to the environmental factors used in landslide hazard assessment, there is a tendency to utilize those data layers that are easily obtainable from Digital Elevation Models and satellite imagery, whereas less emphasis is on those data layers that require detailed field investigations. A review is given of the trends in collecting spatial information on environmental factors with a focus on Digital Elevation Models, geology and soils, geomorphology, land use and elements at risk. 相似文献
19.
中国第四纪气候变化和未来北方干旱灾害分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
气候异常变化不仅是气象灾害、海洋灾害、洪涝灾害、生物灾害的源头,而且由于地球及其各圈层运动的整体性和联系性,气候异常变化的激烈时期也常是地震和地质灾害的多发期。为了对未来自然灾害作出预测,文章研究了第四纪气候变化和发展规律,据此认为21世纪初虽然可能降水量有所增加,但仍属干旱期,特别是中国北方将受到干旱灾害的严重威胁,并将诱发或伴生一系列其他自然灾害。文章认为要从节流与开源并重的战略高度解决北方水资源短缺问题,只有这样才能保证社会经济的可持续发展。 相似文献