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1.
The remanent magnetization induced at room temperature (IRM) was measured for powder and massive specimens separated from a Fe7S8 crystal. To characterize the crystal, several methods were used including Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermomagnetic analysis, low-field susceptibility anisotropy and magnetic colloid method. Self-reversals of IRM were revealed in the massive crystal fragment after its magnetization in magnetic fields of the order of 10–102 mT. Both normal and reverse IRM vectors lay in the maximum susceptibility plane perpendicular to the crystallographic c′-axis of the crystal. A twinning also perpendicular to the crystal's c′-axis and a very low coercivity in each twin (monocrystallic layer) probably support the origin of the reverse IRM in the crystal.  相似文献   

2.
Gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) has been found to transform to a new phase at pressures greater than 100 kbar and at about 1000°C, using a diamond-anvil pressure cell coupled with laser heating. The atoms of the new phase appear to be arranged in a perovskite-related structure similar to that described for Na2Ti3O7. The structure probably consists of layers of (Al2SiO7)4−, which are built up from blocks of edge-sharing (Al, Si)O6 octahedra and these blocks are joined by common octahedra corners. A small cubic unit cell with a = 3.719 ± 0.004 Å indexes completely the strong lines of the powder diffraction pattern, and a superlattice with a = 14.88 ± 0.02 Å satisfies all the observed weak lines in addition to the strong ones. However, the cell may be pseudocubic. The small cell contains a half of the gehlenite formula while the large cell contains 32 gehlenite formulae. Hence the molar volume for the new phase of Ca2Al2SiO7 is calculated to be 61.96 ± 0.20 cm3 at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The new sodium titanate-type structure is probably more closely packed than an ordinary perovskite-type structure in which all octahedral corners are shared. This view is strongly supported by the very great density of this new phase, which is about 8% denser than the equivalent mixture of CaAl2O4 (calcium ferrite type) plus CaSiO3 (cubic perovskite type). The new phase is probably the most closely packed silicate known. Mg2SiO4 (spinel) was found to transform to an assemblage containing MgSiO3 (perovskite) plus MgO (periclase) at P-T conditions equivalent to the upper part of the lower mantle. By reacting with MgO, the perovskite modification of both MgSiO3 and MgSiO3 · xAl2O3 may adopt the sodium titanate structure at the still greater depths of the lower mantle. If the sodium titanate structures of Mg2(Al2Si)O7 and Mg2(MgSi2)O7 are present in the deep part of the lower mantle, MgO does not exist as a separate phase at the mantle-core boundary. This might be an obstacle to the possibility of dissolving these oxides (specifically the FeO component) in the molten Fe in the outer core as suggested by geophysical and geochemical studies of the earth's interior. The mechanism for developing the chemical plumes in the deep mantle proposed by Anderson does not appear to be consistent with studies of phase transformations in Ca-Al-rich compounds as outlined in this paper.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用南极中山站(ZHS),以及北极与其地理共轭的Tromso站(TRO)、地磁共轭的Longyearbyen站(LYB)各自约一个太阳活动周的观测数据,对比分析了极区电离层F2层峰值电子浓度(NmF2)对太阳活动的依赖性.结果表明,三个台站NmF2月中值随修正太阳10.7 cm通量指数F10.7P(简称P)增大在总体上呈线性增长,这说明在这三个台站,太阳辐射仍是其F2层主要电离源.其中TRO站NmF2与P线性关系最好,ZHS站的次之,LYB站的最差.在日变化中,TRO站NmF2对太阳活动响应最为敏感的时刻出现在地方时中午附近,LYB站出现在磁中午,ZHS站则出现在地方时中午和磁地方时中午之间.这主要是由地理/地磁纬度差异引起的不同强度的光致电离与极区等离子体对流共同作用的结果.在年变化中,TRO站NmF2随太阳活动变化上升最快的季节出现在冬季,夏季上升最慢.在ZHS站与LYB站,NmF2对太阳活动变化的响应都在两分季最为敏感.这种季节上的差异则是由于三个台站光致电离与中性大气成分R[O/N2]的不同所致.  相似文献   

4.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索.  相似文献   

5.
用康滇大陆古裂谷带地区航磁异常计算居里深度   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  
用四川省物探大队1984年编制的1:100万康滇大陆古裂谷带地区航磁异常图,计算该区居里深度。该图包括的面积约60万km2,自东经98°至104°30′,北纬24°至34°。在图上以5km的点距取数,100km×100km的方块作个别分析,每块面积与相邻块相重叠一半。每个块内的数据采用频率域的矩谱法及空间域的线性反演及积分迭代法进行分析计算。为了验证方法的可行性作了理论模型计算。 由计算结果得到该区居里温度等深线图,居里点温度的深度在20km至33km之间。结合大地构造特点及已知地热资料,对图进行了分析。  相似文献   

6.
数值研究了引力场中电阻撕裂模不稳定性所引起的磁场重联，结果表明，在电流片长度Ｌ＝１Ｈ、半宽度δ＝Ｈ／２４的情况下，电流片两端附近将出现两个Ｘ线的磁场重联，并形成磁岛和高温高密度的等离子体团．磁岛宽度随着时间而增长，在ｔ≈５５τＡ时达到饱和，最大饱和岛宽约为４δ．同时从ｔ≈３７τＡ开始，磁岛中心位置逐渐下降；在ｔ＝５７τＡ时发生结合不稳定性，磁岛与底部附近的闭合磁场区合并，导致磁场湮灭和磁能的快速释放．另一方面，由于引力场和等离子体非均匀性的影响，顶部附近随时间而增长的等离子体外流速度达１．１４ＶＡ∞；磁岛中等离子体向下运动的最大速度达１．４１ＶＡ∞，且大于局地声速；在磁岛前方可形成快激波．这些结果可用于解释双带耀斑中后随耀斑环的形成、磁场湮灭和磁能释放、以及Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ速度图上观测到的红移现象．  相似文献   

7.
本文通过对1960年以来全球磁纬度40°N至50°N内测高仪台站的观测数据进行研究,提取了电离层F2层临界频率（foF2）的潮汐,揭示了其变化特征及可能的形成原因.研究发现,周日和半日的迁移潮汐分量（即DW1和SW2）强度最大,并且显示出明显的年变化和半年变化.周日潮汐的3波分量（即DE3）作为典型的非迁移潮汐分量,相对较弱,显示出微弱的半年变化.在冬季,DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数（F107）呈现正相关性,其相关系数分别大于0.88和0.65.相反,在夏季,DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数呈现负相关性,特别是SW2,其相关系数在6月份达到-0.72.在相对于纬向均值的归一化处理之后,上述潮汐强度和太阳活动指数之间的正/负相关性被显著增强/削弱.其中,归一化后的夏季DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数的相关系数达到-0.8.更加深入的讨论显示出上传的大气潮汐波动可能是电离层潮汐除了太阳辐射之外的重要驱动源,并且这种驱动机制在SW2中更加强烈.  相似文献   

8.
典型沙漠绿洲城市表土磁性特征及环境指示意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文
选取典型沙漠绿洲城市（乌海、石嘴山、银川）表土为研究对象,对其环境磁学性质、土壤质地与重金属含量分布进行系统研究.结果表明,乌海市和石嘴山市表土为典型砂土,银川市为砂壤土.三个城市表土样品均以较粗的MD-PSD颗粒的亚铁磁性矿物（磁铁矿）为主导,磁化率均值分别为152×10-8、104×10-8和117×10-8 m3·kg-1.乌海市表土磁性矿物含量和磁性颗粒大小都显著高于石嘴山和银川市.重金属（Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe）的污染负荷指数（PLI）均显示,三个城市表土均存在轻度污染特征.同时磁化率和污染负荷指数在非工业区表现出点状高值分布,在工业区表现为面状高值分布特征.乌海市表土磁参数与重金属的相关系数显著高于石嘴山和银川,表明磁参数对于污染来源单一地区的污染程度评估更具优势.尽管三个城市表土磁学性质存在较大差异,但其磁化率均随污染负荷指数的增加呈现相同程度的递增.磁化率可以作为宁夏平原地区表土重金属污染程度评估的统一有效的代用指标.  相似文献   

9.
The pressure dependence of the three lattice parameters and unit cell volume of fayalite (Fe2SiO4 olivine) was determined by X-ray diffraction under hydrostatic pressures up to 70 kbar. In order to eliminate stress inhomogeneity within a composite material consisting of a specimen mixed with an internal-pressure standard, a liquid (1 : 1 mixture of ethanol and methanol) was used as a pressure-transmitting medium. The isothermal bulk modulus calculated on the basis of the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives the values K0 = 1.19 ± 0.10 Mbar and K0′ = 7 ± 4, and if we assume K0′ = 5: K0 = 1.24 ± 0.02 Mbar. Three axes of fayalite were found to be compressible in the following order, b >c >a. Comparisons with the results obtained under non-hydrostatic compression are made.  相似文献   

10.
基于CHAMP、GRACE和COSMIC的电离层h_mF_2掩星数据,采用最小二乘法建立了一个包含地磁和太阳活动、经度、地方时、年积日和纬度信息的非线性多项式h_mF_2模型(Nonlinear Polynomial Peak Height Model—NPPHM).利用GRACE掩星数据对NPPHM与IRI2012进行了独立检验,结果显示这两个模型在2008年与GRACE数据的相关系数分别为0.798和0.532,均方根误差分别为25.97km和44.56km;在2012年,相关系数分别为0.732和0.488,均方根误差分别为31.39km和42.83km.选取全球不同地区14个测高仪站点数据,并引入相似离度对这两个模型的精度进行了评估,结果表明,NPPHM的相似离度远小于IRI2012,更加接近测高仪观测值.使用Athens站2003—2013年数据对模型进行了检验,结果显示IRI2012与Athens站测高仪数据的平均偏差达到8.11%,NPPHM则只有3.53%,并且在太阳活动低年及每年10月NPPHM的精度要明显高于IRI2012.此外,NPPHM也能够较好模拟出h_mF_2的日变化、季节变化及赤道异常等特性.  相似文献   

11.
常规三维大地电磁反演的正则项为L2范数,它以电阻率空间分布函数处处光滑为模型期望,弱化了算法对电性突变界面的分辨能力.本文实现了正则项为L1范数的三维大地电磁反演算法,让模型空间梯度向量更有机会取得稀疏解,在充分正则的迭代下能够有效突出模型真实电性界面.为避免L1范数零点不可导带来的求解困难,使用迭代重加权最小二乘法把原问题转换为一系列L2正则子问题迭代求解.每个子问题的极小方法使用改进型拟牛顿法,其下降方向既能保证正则项海塞矩阵的精确性,又能允许反演过程随迭代灵活更新正则因子.使用比值法或分段衰减法自适应更新正则因子以避免迭代早期陷入奇异解,从而提升反演收敛的稳定性并降低初始模型依赖度.合成的无噪数据反演表明L1正则算法的模型恢复效果优于L2正则;不同噪声水平的合成数据反演表明本文的算法具有稳健性;实测数据反演对比表明在合理的正则因子调整策略下,L1正则反演结果的模型分辨率优于L2正则.另外,不同初始模型的反演测试还表明,正则因子选取不合理时L1正则可能造成方块状假异常.  相似文献   

12.
垂测电离图反演对研究电离层结构及运动、电离层波传播、空间气象应用等具有重要意义,一直以来受到十分广泛的重视.F_1层未充分发展的回波描迹是垂测电离图中观测到的最多的一种情况,此时垂测描迹上表现为F_1层到F_2层的平滑过渡,而不是F_1层充分发展时出现的尖点,然而现有电离层模型以及反演算法更多的是针对F_1层充分发展情况,即模型剖面在F_1层峰高处近似为抛物形状,此处电子浓度剖面梯度为无穷大,这不符合F_1层未充分发展时的剖面形态,即F_1层剖面未到达抛物顶点处就已经达到该层电子浓度的最大值然后到达F_2层,剖面梯度为一个有限的数值.因此,本文针对垂直探测中经常出现的F_1层未充分发展情况,引入F_1层模型设定临频这一参数,建立了F_1层未充分发展时的基于移位切比雪夫多项式的电离层模型,并从电离层剖面的光滑性考虑,在所建模型的基础上,提出了约束优化F_1层参数、F_2层参数的垂测电离图反演方法.然后,通过仿真分析,从理论上验证了所建电离层模型和反演算法的合理性,并通过反演电子浓度剖面合成的垂测、斜测描迹与实测数据的对比,对反演算法的有效性进行了进一步的试验验证.  相似文献   

13.
The elastic moduli of ScAlO3 perovskite, a very close structural analogue for MgSiO3 perovskite, have been measured between 300 and 600 K using high precision ultrasonic interferometry in an internally heated gas-charged pressure vessel. This new capability for high temperature measurement of elastic wave speeds has been demonstrated on polycrystalline alumina. The temperature derivatives of elastic moduli of Al2O3 measured in this study agree within 15% with expectations based on published single-crystal data. For ScAlO3 perovskite, the value of (∂KS/∂T)P is −0.033 GPa K−1 and (∂G/∂T)P is −0.015 GPa K−1. The relative magnitudes of these derivatives agree with the observation in Duffy and Anderson [Duffy, T.S., Anderson, D.L., 1989. Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 1895–1912.] that |(∂KS/∂T)P| is typically about twice |(∂G/∂T)P|. The value of (∂KS/∂T)P for ScAlO3 is intermediate between those inferred less directly from V(P,T) studies of Fe-free and Fe- and Al-bearing MgSiO3 perovskites [Wang, Y., Weidner, D.J., Liebermann, R.C., Zhao, Y., 1994. P–V–T equation of state of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite: constraints on composition of the lower mantle. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 83, 13–40; Mao, H.K., Hemley, R.J., Shu, J., Chen, L., Jephcoat, A.P., Wu, Y., Bassett, W.A., 1991. Effect of pressure, temperature and composition on the lattice parameters and density of (Mg,Fe) SiO3 perovskite to 30 GPa. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 8069–8079; Zhang, Weidner, D., 1999. Thermal equation of state of aluminum-enriched silicate perovskite. Science 284, 782–784]. The value of |(∂G/∂T)|P for ScAlO3 is similar to those of most other mantle silicate phases but lower than the recent determination for MgSiO3 perovskite [Sinelnikov, Y., Chen, G., Neuville, D.R., Vaughan, M.T., Liebermann, R.C., 1998. Ultrasonic shear wave velocities of MgSiO3 perovskite at 8 GPa and 800K and lower mantle composition. Science 281, 677–679].

Combining the results from the previous studies and current measurements on ScAlO3 perovskite, we extracted the parameters (q and γ0) needed to fully specify its Mie–Grüneisen–Debye equation-of-state. In this study, we have demonstrated that acoustic measurements of KS(T), unlike V(P,T) data, tightly constrain the value of q. It is concluded that ScAlO3 has ‘normal’ γ0 (1.3) and high q (3.6). The high value of q indicates that ScAlO3 has very strong intrinsic temperature dependence of the bulk modulus; similar behaviour has been observed in measurements on Fe- and Al-bearing silicate perovskites (Mao et al., 1991; Zhang and Weidner, 1999).  相似文献   


14.
亚热带富铁土的磁学性质及其磁性矿物学   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  
通过５５个亚热带富铁土的磁化率（χ）、频率磁化率(χｆｄ)、非滞后剩磁（ＡＲＭ）和饱 和等温剩磁（ＳＩＲＭ）等磁性参数测定,结合氧化铁化学形态分析和矿物鉴定,初步明确了亚热 带富铁土的磁学特征及其磁性矿物．磁测数据表明富铁土中存在强磁性的矿物,其磁化率χ 与土壤游离氧化铁（Ｆｅｄ）含量呈极显著指数正相关（Ｒ２＝０．５９７１）,频率磁化率χｆｄ与土壤游离氧 化铁含量呈极显著直线正相关（Ｒ２＝０．４２８９）．富铁土的χｆｄ和非滞后磁化率χＡＲＭ。值表明土壤 中的磁性矿物以超顺磁性（ＳＰ）和稳定单畴（ＳＳＤ）颗粒为主,富铁上的χ和χＡＲＭ呈极显著直线 正相关（Ｒ＝ ０．９４２９）,证明富铁土的磁性是由风化成土过程产生的 ＳＰ和 ＳＳＤ磁性颗粒贡献 的．矿物磁测结合Ｘ－衍射证明富铁土中的氧化铁矿物由赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿和针铁矿组成。  相似文献   

15.
Yong-Jiang  Liu  Franz  Neubauer  Johann  Genser  Akira  Takasu  Xiao-Hong  Ge Robert  Handler 《Island Arc》2006,15(1):187-198
Abstract   Pelitic schists from Qingshuigou in the Northern Qilian Mountains of China contain mainly glaucophane, garnet, white mica, clinozoisite, chlorite and piemontite. Isotopic age dating of these schists provides new constraints on the formation of the high-grade blueschists at Qingshuigou. White mica 40Ar/39Ar ages range from 442.1 to 447.5 Ma (total fusion age of single grain) and from 445.7 to 453.9 Ma (integrated age of white mica concentrates). These ages (442.1–453.9 Ma) represent the peak metamorphic ages or cooling ages of the blueschists during exhumation shortly after peak metamorphism. The 40Ar/39Ar dates in the present study are similar to ages previously reported for eclogites and blueschists in the area; this suggests that both the eclogites and pelitic sediments underwent high-grade metamorphism during the same subduction event. From this chronological evidence and the presence of well-developed Silurian remnant-sea flysch and Devonian molasse, it is concluded that the Northern Qilian Ocean had closed by the end of the Ordovician, and rapid orogenic uplift followed in the Devonian.  相似文献   

16.
在沙漠沉积环境中,成土作用对磁化率的贡献较小,往往被原生磁信号掩盖,因此分离两种磁组分对气候和粉尘代用指标的提取至关重要.本研究选取位于毛乌素沙地东缘的锦界风沙沉积剖面为研究对象,利用多变量一元线性回归中的"平均值概念"进行磁化率的原生碎屑组分0和次生成土组分Xpedo的分离,并探讨磁学参数所承载的气候和环境意义.结果显示,磁学比值参数(如Xpedo/X0、Xfd/HIRM、Xfd%和XARM/SIRM)彼此之间存在显著线性或指数/对数相关关系,它们对成土强度指示明确,可以在一定程度上减小或避免磁性矿物背景值差异所产生的误差,与磁化率相比更适宜用于该区的古降水量重建.HIRM主要由碎屑赤铁矿含量控制,HIRM与X0存在明显正相关关系,表明碎屑赤铁矿随原生磁性矿物总体含量的增加(减少)而增加(减少),在粉尘成因磁性矿物中所占比例大致稳定,从而HIRM可以指示源区粉尘通量的变化.锦界剖面的原生和次生磁性矿物浓度均明显低于黄土高原黄土,不同地层X0和Xpedo在磁化率中所占的比例存在较大差异,因此磁化率的环境意义比较复杂,在使用其恢复古气候古环境时需慎重.  相似文献   

17.
本文主要指出B.K.Bhattacharyya和M.E.Navolio在文献[1]中将拉普拉斯方程▽2U（x,y,z）=0进行三维傅里叶变换导出u2+v2+w2=0,以及利用iw=±（u2+v2）1/2推导了位场在频率域中的一些公式中的错误,从数学和物理角度论证这个所谓频率域的拉普拉斯方程u2+v2+w2=0是不成立的。因此,当推导位场在频率域中的公式时不能使用iw=±（u2+v2）1/2。此外,本文还使用狄拉克函数证明了拉普拉斯方程的基本解1/（x2+y2+z2）1/2在拉普拉斯算子作用下,在三维频率域中并没有这样的对应关系式,而只能有对应关系式  相似文献   

18.
本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析,探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近,相距约15 km,气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN）,在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解,剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主,但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言,南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上,其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主,因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强;说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同,磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著,整体磁性特征不能反映气候;黄度和红度的比值（b*/a*）远小于磁性的差异,说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况,即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.  相似文献   

19.
A number of samples from the A0, A2, B and C horizons have been collected from podzolic soils in the Lake Gosciaz catchment in central Poland. The catchment is very uniform consisting of 2–6-m-high sand dunes with sparse stands of pine and a grass undervegetation. Radiocarbon dates of fossil soils covered by dune sand, within the same type of environment as the Lake Gosciaz catchment, indicate that the main dune-forming phase is of Older Dryas age. Magnetic measurements have been carried out on bulk samples and on particle size fractions from the different soil horizons. With respect to our mineral magnetic study it can be concluded that the soils are very uniform over the entire catchment. Relatively high concentrations of magnetic grains are found in the humus layer, particularly in the <4 μm size fraction, as indicated by the highest X, Xfd, SIRM and HIRM values. The most likely mechanism for the magnetic enhancement in these podzolic top soils is continued burning processes. Low magnetic concentrations in the A2 horizon are due to eluviation and chelation. Local conditions can lead to a range of magnetic minerals precipitating in the B horizon.  相似文献   

20.
利用阿德莱德（35°S,138°E）和武汉（30.6°N,114.5°E）的流星雷达观测数据首次给出了80~100 km高度上周期为12.66太阳时的大气太阴半日潮汐（N2潮）的季节、高度、年度变化及其与周期为12.42太阳时的大气太阴半日潮汐（M2潮）的对比分析.分析结果表明：武汉和阿德莱德的N2潮和M2潮均有明显的季节、高度和年度变化.N2潮与M2潮的幅度比值大于其引力势之比0.191,在某些年份的不同季节和高度上,N2潮的幅度甚至大于M2潮的幅度.大多幅度之比接近或超过N2潮和M2潮引力势之比的2倍.中低热层的大气太阴N2潮汐值得关注.  相似文献   

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