共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
结合Voronoi图随机模拟和3D打印技术制备不规则柱状节理网络模型,采用白水泥浆类岩石相似模型材料浇筑模型并拆模,然后分别采用白乳胶和502胶水作为黏结剂黏结柱体得到两组不规则柱状节理岩体试件,通过对其进行室内单轴压缩试验研究不规则柱状节理岩体强度特性和破坏模式。试验结果表明：不规则柱状节理岩体试件单轴抗压强度随柱体倾角的变化曲线呈现近似“J”型,表现出显著各向异性特征;不规则柱状节理岩体试件典型破坏模式包括沿柱状节理面的劈裂破坏、沿柱状节理面的剪切破坏和沿柱体的压裂破坏等3种,其部分破坏形态有异于规则柱状节理岩体试件。同时,通过与采用净水泥浆作为黏结剂的柱状节理岩体试验结果进行比较,结果表明：采用白乳胶和502胶水作为黏结剂时柱体间黏结强度更低,能够较好反映柱状节理面的弱化效应,试件力学响应与真实柱状节理岩体更为一致。 相似文献
2.
针对节理化岩体的自身特点,提出沿岩体层面产生的应力集中以及层面与节理之间的残余完整岩桥破坏,将可能导致岩体产生复合式滑移破坏。并在室内利用岩石三轴刚性伺服机,通过模型试验对岩体的层面和一组与层面正交的节理的情况进行模拟研究,分析了结构面性状和围压对复合式滑移破坏的影响,给出了在贯通性结构面(层面)倾角、非贯通性结构面以及围压等因素共同作用下,节理化岩体发生复合式滑移破坏的条件以及破坏面特征。在与前人的试验资料进行对比分析的基础上得到可靠的结论,期望为在将来的实践工作中正确评估节理化岩体的破坏模式提供指导性意见。 相似文献
3.
针对节理化岩体的自身特点,提出沿岩体层面产生的应力集中以及层面与节理之间的残余完整岩桥破坏,将可能导致岩体产生复合式滑移破坏。在室内利用岩石三轴刚性伺服机,通过模型试验对岩体的层面和一组与层面正交的节理的情况进行模拟研究,分析了结构面性状和围压对复合式滑移破坏的影响,给出了在贯通性结构面（层面）倾角、非贯通性结构面的以及围压等因素共同作用下,节理化岩体发生复合式滑移破坏的条件以及破坏面特征。最后在与前人的试验资料进行对比分析的基础上得到可靠的结论,期望为在将来的实践工作中正确评估节理化岩体的破坏模式提供指导性意见。 相似文献
4.
Discontinuous Modelling of Stratum Cave-in in a Longwall Coal Mine in the Arctic Area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mahdi Shabanimashcool Lanru Jing Charlie C. Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(5):1239-1252
This paper presents a discontinuous numerical approach for studying roof cave-in mechanisms and obtaining the required support capacity of longwall shields in a case study site, the Svea Nord coal mine in Svalbard. The block size in the roof strata and the mechanical parameters of the discontinuities for the numerical model were obtained through back-calculations. The back-calculations were conducted with a statistical method of design of experiment. Numerical simulations revealed that voussoir jointed beams are formed before the first cave-in occurs. The maximum deflection of a roof stratum in the study site prior to the first cave-in is about 70 % of the stratum thickness. The maximum span of the roof strata prior to the first cave-in depends upon the in situ horizontal stress state. The roof beams have a large stable span when they are subjected to high horizontal stress; but horizontal stress would increase the possibility of rock crushing in deflected roof beams. The simulations and field measurements show no periodic weighting on the longwall shields in the study site. Stiff and strong roof beams would result in large first and periodic cave-in distances. As a consequence of having large cave-in distances, the longwall shields must have high load capacity, which can be calculated by the presented numerical approach. 相似文献
5.
节理对卸荷条件下岩体的力学性质有重要影响。通过含2条不同间距预制断续节理岩体的三轴卸荷破坏试验,研究了节理岩体在卸荷应力条件下的应力-应变特征、强度、变形特征、破坏规律及节理间距对岩体力学性质的影响。研究表明：相比于完整岩体,节理岩体卸荷破坏时从峰值强度跌落至残余强度过程中轴向应变较大,为完整岩体的3～4倍,岩体破坏时极限强度明显低于完整岩体,脆性特征不如完整岩体明显;节理岩体卸荷破坏时,变形模量有较大幅度的降低,其降低程度是同条件下完整岩体的6～7倍,节理间距越大,变形模量降低程度越大;与含预制节理岩样三轴加载试验结果相比,节理岩体卸荷条件下破坏程度更为强烈,除剪切破裂面外,沿最大主应力方向分布的不同级别的张性裂隙非常发育,预制节理的间距对岩体破坏形态影响不大。 相似文献
6.
节理岩体的剪切特性是主导岩体工程稳定性的关键因素。基于PFC2D离散元颗粒流程序,结合室内试验结果对比分析,选取合理的细观参数进行数值模拟,分别从细观角度研究了节理岩石的裂纹发展、能量转化及声发射现象等特性,从宏观角度研究了节理岩石的强度模型和破坏形态。结果表明：节理岩体主要呈现磨损和剪断两种破坏形态,不同的破坏形态对应不同的强度模型;随着剪切变形增加,岩体沿节理面发生破坏,弹性阶段以法向裂纹为主,而塑性阶段切向裂纹起主导作用,滑移区R、P裂纹贯通形成破碎带,节理面产生较大滑移;在应力达到峰值强度前,边界能主要转化为应变能,法向裂纹生成较多;越过峰值强度后,摩擦能快速增长,并伴随大量切向裂纹产生。与室内试验结果相比,PFC2D较好地模拟了节理岩体剪切力学特性,弥补了室内试验中无法进行细观特性研究的缺陷,对于节理岩体后期研究提供了一些参考。 相似文献
7.
基于离散元法的节理岩体边坡稳定性分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
节理岩体边坡的稳定性在很大程度上取决于节理的强度及其分布形式。由于节理岩体边坡的失稳破坏具有大变形和非连续的特点,因此,离散单元法成为研究节理岩体边坡破坏机制的最有效方法之一。通过采用离散元软件PFC2D进行数值模拟,对完整岩石及节理的力学性能进行研究,并建立含密集节理的岩体边坡模型,讨论了节理连通率对边坡破坏形式的影响。结果表明,节理岩体边坡的失稳破坏是一个渐进的过程;在多组节理密集分布的岩体边坡中,连通率越大,其稳定性越差;随着连通率的减小,边坡的破坏形式由大范围的滑坡转变为局部崩塌的形式 相似文献
8.
含交叉裂隙岩体相似材料试件力学性能单轴压缩试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以相似材料制作含交叉裂隙岩体试件,考虑主裂隙与加载方向之间角度变化及主、次裂隙之间角度变化制作20组试件,对试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究交叉裂隙对岩体破坏模式及力学特性的影响。研究表明,主裂隙与加载方向呈0°及90°时,试件破坏主要为沿次裂隙扩展的剪切型破坏;当主裂隙与加载方向呈30°及45°时,试件破坏主要是沿主裂隙扩展所致的剪切型破坏;主裂隙角度一致情况下,大部分含交叉裂隙岩体破坏强度高于含单向裂隙岩体,含交叉裂隙岩体试件应力-应变曲线峰后下降斜率比含单向裂隙岩体大;主裂隙角度一致情况下,当次裂隙与主裂隙呈45°夹角左右时,岩体试件强度较低,当次裂隙与主裂隙呈30°及90°夹角左右时,岩体试件强度较高。 相似文献
9.
节理岩体锚杆的综合变形分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在总结国内外对节理岩体中锚杆加固机制的试验研究和理论探讨基础上,综合考虑锚杆的切向和轴向变形能力,建立节理锚固锚杆在剪切荷载作用下的变形模型,将节理锚固锚杆的变形区划分为弹性变形段和挤压破坏段,引入表征挤压破坏段长度的变量,对锚杆与岩体的相互作用机制进行理论分析,推导了剪切荷载与剪切位移和轴向荷载与轴向位移的关系。通过分析锚杆的屈服破坏形式,得到了确定挤压破坏段长度的方法。最后,通过算例分析了挤压破坏段长度与锚杆直径、岩体强度、锚固角度等参数的关系,得到了以下结论：（1）节理锚固锚杆抗剪作用的实质是锚杆调动岩体的抗压强度抵抗节理切向荷载。在抗压强度较高的硬岩中,挤压破坏段局限于节理面附近,锚杆影响范围小;而在抗压强度较低的软岩中,挤压破坏段较大,而且会产生较大的剪切变形,锚杆影响范围较大。（2）锚杆屈服破坏形式与岩质和锚杆直径有关。硬质岩体发生剪切屈服,而较软岩体中容易发生弯曲屈服;小直径锚杆一般直接剪切屈服,而大直径锚杆可能发生弯曲屈服。锚杆屈服破坏后出现塑性铰,挤压破坏段范围在节理一侧约为直径的1～2倍,继续增加剪切荷载,挤压破坏段长度不再增大。（3）随岩质的不同,锚杆锚固节理的最优锚固角变化较大。岩质较硬时,最优锚固角度较小,反之则较大。 相似文献
10.
黄土节理种类多样、角度多变,是影响黄土力学性质的重要因素。为研究节理对黄土力学性质影响,开展含预制节理黄土试样单轴与三轴压缩强度试验,分析了非贯通节理对试样剪切破坏模式影响,探讨了节理倾角对黄土强度与变形特性影响规律。结果表明:节理试样剪切破坏均为压剪破坏,破坏模式可分为节理面与破裂面贯通型和节理面与破裂面斜交型,压力作用下非贯通节理尖端翼裂纹和次生裂纹不断萌生,易劣化扩展形成剪切破裂面;节理存在弱化了试样抗变形能力,单轴压缩条件下试样应力-应变曲线均呈应变软化型,预制节理降低屈服阶段变形模量,减小试样剪切破坏位移,加速试样剪切破坏;节理存在显著降低黄土强度,峰值强度与残余强度均随节理倾角呈现先减小后增大变化趋势,但变化幅度随围压增大而降低,黏聚力随节理倾角变化最为敏感,节理倾角60°时试样强度指标最低;预制节理倾角与黄土试样剪切破裂角越接近,节理面越易劣化贯通为剪切破裂面,试样抗变形能力越差,强度性质劣化越显著,试样越容易剪切破坏。研究成果为揭示黄土节理界面劣化对黄土边坡促滑机制提供参考。 相似文献
11.
A. Ghazvinian V. Sarfarazi W. Schubert M. Blumel 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(5):677-693
Particle flow code 2D (PFC2D) was adopted to simulate the shear behavior of rocklike material samples containing planar non-persistent joints. Direct shear loading was conducted to investigate the effect of joint separation on the failure behavior of rock bridges. Initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from experimental laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the results of direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. Through numerical direct shear tests, the failure process was visually observed, and the failure patterns were found reasonably similar to the experimentally observed trends. The discrete element simulations demonstrated that the macro-scale shear zone resulted from the progressive failure of the tension-induced micro-cracks. The failure pattern was mostly influenced by joint separation, while the shear strength was linked to the failure pattern and failure mechanism. Furthermore, it was observed that the failure zone is relatively narrow and has a symmetrical pattern when rock bridges occupy a low percentage of the total shear surface. This may be due to the high stress interactions between the subsequent joints separated by a rock bridge. In contrast, when rock bridges are occupying sufficient area prohibiting the stress interactions to occur then the rupture of surface is more complex and turns into a shear zone. This zone was observed to be relatively thick with an unsymmetrical pattern. The shear strength of rock bridges is reduced by increasing the joint length as a result of increasing both the stress concentration at tip of the joints and the stress interaction between the joints. 相似文献
12.
Ross Seedsman 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1987,5(1):15-27
Summary A typical roof profile for mine openings in the Great Northern Seam consists of a thin coal layer and several metres of claystone. From field evidence and shear flow analysis, the anchorage of fully grouted roof bolts in the claystone may fail. If so, the claystone may act as an extra load on the coal beam. Using voussoir beam theory, the relation between the minimum thickness of the coal beam, the thickness of the failed claystone and the width of the entry has been determined. The analysis is satisfactory for field performance observed in a number of case studies. Proposals are made on possible improvements to mining techniques. 相似文献
13.
Ashok K. Chugh 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1977,1(4):323-341
A numerical step-by-step procedure, analogous to the ‘Initial Stress Method,’ is presented for the analysis of a single-layer jointed rock beam subjected to gravity loads and in-plane in situ formation pressure. The joints are permitted to open at locations where the flexural stresses exceed flexural strength. The material properties may be different for each rock block and joint. A detailed algorithm is given for the solution of the problem. The results of several analyses indicating the relative effects of initial formation pressure, transverse load, stiffness of the joint material, and joint spacing on the response of a jointed beam are presented. The convergence characteristics of the numerical procedure are included. The joint material is assumed to be ‘no-tension’ type. Both the geometric and material non-linear effects are considered. 相似文献
15.
16.
预制节理岩体试件强度及破坏模式的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用相似材料模型试验对不同节理倾角、节理贯通度、节理组数、载荷应变率、试件长径比、节理充填物厚度及类型等7种工况下的预制节理岩体在单轴压缩下的峰值强度及破坏模式进行了研究。结果表明：节理岩体的破坏模式及峰值强度与节理构造形态密切相关。贯通节理岩体将产生沿节理面的剪切破坏或穿切节理面破坏,且与第1种破坏模式对应的岩体峰值强度更低。非贯通节理岩体的强度介于完整岩体和贯通节理岩体之间。随着平行节理组数的增加,岩体峰值强度逐渐下降。随着载荷应变率的增加,岩体峰值强度逐渐增大,相应地试件的破坏模式也变得更加复杂。试件长径比基本没有改变其破坏模式,完整试件仍主要是以张拉破坏为主,而节理试件仍以剪切破坏为主。随着长径比增加,试件峰值强度逐渐增大。随着节理充填物厚度增加,试件峰值强度降低。不同节理填充物对试件峰值强度也有一定影响。 相似文献
17.
M. Singh 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2000,33(2):141-147
Summary ?Deformational behaviour of jointed rocks is governed both by the properties of the joints and the intact rock. The applicability
of a constitutive model to predict the stress-strain behaviour of a jointed block mass is discussed in this note. The stress-strain
curves predicted by the model are compared with the experimental curves from physical model tests. It is observed that the
model predicts the tangent modulus of the mass very closely. The failure strains are, however, underestimated, which may be
due to the constant value of shear stiffness, resulting in linear stress-strain response by the model. The non-linear response
of stress-strain curves can be obtained by using a variable value of the shear stiffness of the joints. A simple approach
has been presented to assign variable stiffnesses, based on direct shear test results on joints. It is found that by assuming
a variable stiffness the axial strains can also be predicted accurately. The transverse strain, however, remains highly underestimated
by the model. 相似文献
18.
Texture, mineralogy, and rock strength in horizontal stress-related coal mine roof falls 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geologic structures can represent planes of preferential weakness that, by dismembering the roof beam, may contribute to the failure of roof spans. However, beam deflection and roof failure also occur in rocks where no visible geologic discontinuities are present. This suggests that roof failure may depend on rock strength, which in turn depends on intrinsic textural properties inherent to the rock. In this study, rock samples were collected from horizontal stress-related roof fall material in coal mines for petrographic characterization and compressive strength testing. Brittle, stress failure-prone rock types include thinly interlaminated siltstone and shale, and black shale that had been lightly recrystallized. Samples exhibit a narrow range of density values between approximately 2.5–3.0 g/cm3 but exhibit a wide range of unconfined compressive strength values, between approximately 20–70 MPa. Results of laboratory observations suggest that for samples of coal mine immediate roof shale, compressive strength is not well correlated with density, grain size, sutured grain boundaries, or quartz content. These results for shale are generally at odds with the results of similar studies for sandstone. The great variability of strength, texture, and mineralogy documented in these samples may be an indication of their complexity and the need for specialized methodology in the study of shale strength. 相似文献
19.
针对柱状节理岩体的构造特性,采用水泥砂浆等材料制作出具有不同柱体倾角且含有横向节理分布的柱状节理岩体模型,并通过单轴压缩试验,研究柱体倾角和横向节理对岩体各向异性力学特性及破坏机制的影响。结果表明：试样峰值强度和变形模量随柱体倾角变化曲线均近似为U形,并体现出典型的各向异性特征;随着柱体倾角的变化,试样单轴压缩破坏模式可分为垂直于柱体轴向的劈裂破坏、沿纵向节理面的剪切滑移破坏、滑移破坏与劈裂破坏同时发生的复合破坏和平行于柱体轴向的劈裂破坏4类;横向节理的存在降低了柱状节理岩体沿柱轴方向的完整性,并影响了劈裂破坏裂纹的分布与扩展,因此,横向节理切割柱体是影响柱状节理岩体承载能力的重要因素。 相似文献
20.
含二阶起伏体的模拟岩体节理试样剪切特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用规则的小尺寸锯齿构造二阶起伏体,对不同二阶起伏体高度的人工节理进行常法向应力下的直剪试验,研究了节理剪切力学特性。对节理的剪切强度、变形特征进行了分析,并对破坏特征做出解释。试验结果表明：二阶起伏体对节理剪切力学特性有重要影响,含二阶起伏体节理的剪切力学特性与只含有一阶起伏体节理的剪切力学特性不同,只含一阶起伏体的节理剪应力只有一个峰值,含二阶起伏体的节理会出现波浪状的剪胀曲线和多峰值剪应力,且峰值剪应力随剪切位移增大依次出现并逐个减小;随着二阶起伏体高度增大,节理峰值剪切强度增大,节理依次出现磨损破坏、多次性剪断破坏、一次性剪断破坏。 相似文献