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1.
It is known that the wintertime North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is an important extratropical forcing for the occurrence of an El Ni?o?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in the subsequent winter via the “seasonal footprinting mechanism” (SFM). This study reveals that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can notably modulate the relationship between the winter NPO and the following winter ENSO. During the negative AMO phase, the winter NPO has significant impacts on the following winter ENSO via the SFM. In contrast, the influence of the winter NPO on ENSO is not robust at all during the positive AMO phase. Winter NPO-generated westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific during the following spring are much stronger during negative than positive AMO phases. It is suggested that the AMO impacts the winter NPO-induced equatorial westerly winds over the western Pacific via modulating the precipitation climatology over the tropical central Pacific and via modulating the connection of the winter NPO with spring sea surface temperature in the tropical North Atlantic. 相似文献
2.
Relations between Tibetan Plateau precipitation and large-scale climate indices are studied based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the boreal summer season. The focus is on the decadal variability of links between the large-scale circulation and the plateau drought and wetness. Analysis of teleconnectivity of the continental northern hemisphere standardized summer precipitation reveals the Tibetan Plateau as a major SPI teleconnectivity center in south-eastern Asia connecting remote correlation patterns over Eurasia. Employing a moving window approach, changes in covariability and synchronizations between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and climate indices are analyzed on decadal time scales. Decadal variability in the relationships between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and the large-scale climate system is characterized by three shifts related to changes in the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and the tropical Pacific. Changes in the North Atlantic variability (North Atlantic Oscillation) result in a stable level of Tibetan Plateau summer SPI variability; the response to changes in tropical Pacific variability is prominent in various indices such as Asian monsoon, Pacific/North America, and East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern.
相似文献3.
江淮入梅的年际变化及其与北大西洋涛动和海温异常的联系 总被引：36，自引：4，他引：36
文中首先采用简单相关和合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅的年际变化与前期冬季环流和前期冬、春全球海温的关系。研究结果表明江淮入梅的早晚与前期冬季北半球大型环流存在显著的相关 :入梅早的年份 ,其前期冬季北大西洋涛动强 ,北半球只有一个强的极涡并位于格陵兰上空 ,东亚大槽弱 ;入梅晚的年份 ,则其前期冬季环流表现为 ,北大西洋涛动弱 ,北半球存在两个极涡 ,其中一个仍然位于格陵兰上空 ,而另一个则位于西伯利亚上空 ,东亚大槽较常年强。江淮入梅的年际变化与前期冬春北大西洋海温的相关分析表明 :入梅早的年份 ,北大西洋海温较常年偏暖 ;入梅晚的年份 ,前期冬春北大西洋海温较常年偏冷。文中还用 CCM3模拟了冬、春季北大西洋海温增暖对后期江淮入梅和梅雨期降水的影响 ,并探讨了其影响的物理机制 相似文献
4.
Associations between the autumn Arctic sea ice concentrations (SICs) and North American winter precipitation were examined using singular value decomposition. The results show that a reduced SIC in the majority of the Arctic is accompanied by dry conditions over the Great Plains, the southern United States, Mexico, eastern Alaska, and southeastern Greenland, and by wet conditions over the majority of Canada, the northeastern United States, and the majority of Greenland. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the SIC variability show a wave train structure that is persistent from autumn to winter and is responsible for the covariability between the autumn Arctic SICs and North American winter precipitation. This relationship suggests a potential long-term outlook for the North American winter precipitation. 相似文献
5.
A sign-variable structure of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the high, subtropical, and tropical latitudes of the North Atlantic under the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO) values NAO ≥ 1 and NAO ≤ ?1 is considered. A difference in cyclonic activity in winter under extreme values of the NAO is noted. The relation between the NAO anomalies in the areas with maximum cyclonic activity in the North Atlantic and some hydrometeorological quantities in the Crimea is analyzed. Preliminary estimates of the occurrence of a quasi-twenty-year cycle in the variability of processes determined by extreme values of the NAO are presented. 相似文献
6.
利用再分析数据,以在北半球冬季与北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)相关的向下游传播的准定常波列在欧洲地区是否发生反射为标准,将1957/1958年至2001/2002年这45个冬季分为高纬型和低纬型两类冬季,分别简称为在H型和L型冬季。在H(L)型冬季,和NAO相联系的向下游传播的Rossby波列主要沿高纬度(低纬度)路径传播。对比了在两种类型冬季NAO与同期大气环流、近地面温度(Surface Air Temperature,SAT)、海表面温度(Sea Surface Tempertaure,SST)和降水的关系。结果表明:大气环流方面,在H型冬季,300 hPa位势高度异常在西-西伯利亚和中-西伯利亚西部与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季300 hPa位势高度异常在亚洲东海岸(约40°N)和北太平洋呈现正相关,在H型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在中纬度形成波列,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在副热带形成波列;SAT方面,在H型冬季SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地高纬度地区与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地的高纬度地区相对较弱,但NAO造成的SAT异常可以扩展到亚洲东北部;降水方面,H型冬季与L型冬季主要区别在中国南方,在H型冬季降水异常与NAO的关系相对较弱,而在L型冬季降水异常与NAO呈现正相关关系;SST方面,同期SST异常在北大西洋中纬度海域与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SST异常在北大西洋中纬度地区相对较弱,在北大西洋北部和南部较强。总体而言,在H型和L型冬季,NAO具有不同下游影响。 相似文献
7.
IPCC AR4中海气耦合模式对中国东部夏季降水及PDO、NAO年代际变化的模拟能力分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1880—1999年中国东部35站的观测降水资料、英国Hadley中心的海温和海平面气压资料以及IPCC第4次评估报告（AR4）中20世纪气候模拟试验（20C3M）的模式输出结果,对IPCCAR4中22个耦合模式所模拟的我国东部夏季降水的年代际变化情况以及太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）和北大西洋涛动（NAO）的年代际变化情况进行了分析。结果显示,这些模式对20世纪我国东部夏季降水年代际变化的模拟结果并不理想,但对降水在20世纪70年代中期前后的突变具有一定的模拟能力。其中IAP_FGOALSL_0_G可以大致模拟出20世纪70年代中期前后降水型的突变特征,而BCCR_BCM2_0和UKMO_HadGEM1则可以模拟出华北地区降水在20世纪70年代中期之后减少的现象。对于引起我国东部夏季降水年代际变化的重要因子PDO和NAO,模式对它们年代际变化的模拟效果略好于降水。多数模式都可以模拟出PDO和NAO的空间模态,其中CNRM_CM3和UKMO_HadGEM1对PDO年代际变化（8 a以上）的模拟与实际情况比较相似,并可以模拟出20世纪70年代中期之后PDO由负位相转变为正位相的情况,而模式UKMO_HadGEM1也对NAO的年代际变化以及1980年以来不断加强的趋势模拟较好。 相似文献
8.
The North Atlantic oscillation simulated by versions 2 and 4 of IAP/ LASG GOALS Model 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The capabilities of two versions of the Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land-System model (i.e. GOALS-2 and GOALS-4) developed at State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), are validated in terms of the simulations of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is currently the subject of considerable scientific interest. The results show that both GOALS-2 and GOALS-4 exhibit a realistic NAO signal associated with relatively reasonable spatial pat-terns of sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and precipitation. Generally speaking, the associated pat-terns of precipitation in GOALSs match better with the observation in comparison with the case of surface temperature. For the imprint of NAO on the ocean, or perhaps a coupling between the two fluids, the asso-ciated tripole patterns of the North Atlantic SST anomaly are presented distinctly in GOALS-2, for GOALS-4 however, this is not the case. Spatially, the models’ main deficiencies appear to be that the simu-lated Icelandic lows shift northward apparently, which in turn result in the blemish of GOALSs in repro-ducing the accompanied surface wind anomalies. For the interannual and even longer time scale variations of DJF sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Atlantic region. GOALSs reproduce the center with the strongest variability rationally, but the intensities are far weaker than the observation. 相似文献
9.
The present paper selects the northern winter of December 1995–February 1996 for a case study on the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. In the Atlantic, the selected winter was characterized by positive SST anomalies over the northern subtropics and east of Newfoundland, and negative anomalies along the US coast. A weak La Niña event developed in the Pacific. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was low, precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa was anomalously high, and precipitation over northern Europe was anomalously low. The method of study consists of assessing the sensitivity of ensemble simulations by the UCLA atmospheric general circulation model (UCLA AGCM) to SST anomalies from the observation, which are prescribed either in the World Oceans, the Atlantic Ocean only, or the subtropical North Atlantic only. The results obtained are compared with a control run that uses global, time-varying climatological SST. The ensemble simulations with global and Atlantic-only SST anomalies both produce results that resemble the observations over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior of the atmosphere in the selected winter over those regions, therefore, was primarily determined by conditions within the Atlantic basin. The simulated fields in the tropical North Atlantic show anomalous upward motion and lower (upper) level convergence (divergence) in the atmosphere overlying the positive SST anomalies. Consistently, the subtropical jet intensifies and its core moves equatorward, and precipitation increases over northern Africa and southern Europe. The results also suggest that the SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic only do not suffice to produce the atmospheric anomalies observed in the basin during the selected winter. The extratropical SST anomalies would provide a key contribution through increased transient eddy activity, which causes an extension of the subtropical jet eastward from the coast of North America. 相似文献
10.
Øyvind Byrkjedal Nils Gunnar Kvamstø Marius Meland Eystein Jansen 《Climate Dynamics》2006,26(5):473-487
Published reconstructions of last glacial maximum (LGM) sea surface temperatures and sea ice extent differ significantly.
We here test the sensitivity of simulated North Atlantic climates to two different reconstructions by using these reconstructions
as boundary conditions for model experiments. An atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform two simulations
of the (LGM) and a modern-day control simulation. Standard (CLIMAP) reconstructions of sea ice and sea surface temperatures
have been used for the first simulation, and a set of new reconstructions in the Nordic Seas/Northern Atlantic have been used
for the second experiment. The new reconstruction is based on 158 core samples, and represents ice-free conditions during
summer in the Nordic Seas, with accordingly warmer sea surface temperatures and less extensive sea ice during winter as well.
The simulated glacial climate is globally 5.7 K colder than modern day, with the largest changes at mid and high latitudes.
Due to more intense Hadley circulation, the precipitation at lower latitudes has increased in the simulations of the LGM.
Relative to the simulation with the standard CLIMAP reconstructions, reduction of the sea ice in the North Atlantic gives
positive local responses in temperature, precipitation and reduction of the sea level pressure. Only very weak signatures
of the wintertime Icelandic Low occur when the standard CLIMAP sea surface temperature reconstruction is used as the lower
boundary condition in LGM. With reduced sea ice conditions in the Nordic Seas, the Icelandic Low becomes more intense and
closer to its present structure. This indicates that thermal forcing is an important factor in determining the strength and
position of the Icelandic Low. The Arctic Oscillation is the most dominant large scale variability feature on the Northern
Hemisphere in modern day winter climate. In the simulation of the LGM with extensive sea ice this pattern is significantly
changed and represents no systematic large scale variability over the North Atlantic. Reduction of the North Atlantic sea
ice extent leads to stronger variability in monthly mean sea level pressure in winter. The synoptic variability appears at
a lower level in the simulation when standard reconstructions of the sea surface in the LGM are used. A closer inspection
of storm tracks in this model experiment shows that that the synoptic lows follow a narrow band along the ice edge during
winter. The trajectories of synoptic lows are not constrained to the sea ice edge to the same degree when the sea ice extent
is reduced. Seasonally open waters in the Nordic Seas in the new reconstruction apparently act as a moisture source, consistent
with the current understanding of the rapid growth of the Fennoscandian and Barents Ice Sheets, during the LGM. The signal
from the intensified thermal forcing in the North Atlantic in Boreal winter is carried zonally by upper tropospheric waves,
and thus generates non-local responses to the changed sea ice cover. 相似文献
11.
Arctic sea ice and Eurasian climate: A review 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
GAO Yongqi SUN Jianqi LI Fei HE Shengping Stein SANDVEN YAN Qing ZHANG Zhongshi Katja LOHMANN Noel KEENLYSIDE Tore FUREVIK SUO Lingling 《大气科学进展》2015,32(1):92-114
The Arctic plays a fundamental role in the climate system and has shown significant climate change in recent decades,including the Arctic warming and decline of Arctic sea-ice extent and thickness. In contrast to the Arctic warming and reduction of Arctic sea ice, Europe, East Asia and North America have experienced anomalously cold conditions, with record snowfall during recent years. In this paper, we review current understanding of the sea-ice impacts on the Eurasian climate.Paleo, observational and modelling studies are covered to summarize several major themes, including: the variability of Arctic sea ice and its controls; the likely causes and apparent impacts of the Arctic sea-ice decline during the satellite era,as well as past and projected future impacts and trends; the links and feedback mechanisms between the Arctic sea ice and the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation, the recent Eurasian cooling, winter atmospheric circulation, summer precipitation in East Asia, spring snowfall over Eurasia, East Asian winter monsoon, and midlatitude extreme weather; and the remote climate response(e.g., atmospheric circulation, air temperature) to changes in Arctic sea ice. We conclude with a brief summary and suggestions for future research. 相似文献
12.
The nonlinear association between ENSO and the Euro-Atlantic winter sea level pressure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A nonlinear projection of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) onto the Northern Hemisphere winter sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies by neural networks (NN) was performed to investigate the nonlinear association between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Euro-Atlantic winter climate. While the linear impact of ENSO on the Euro-Atlantic winter SLP is weak, the NN projection reveals statistically significant SLP anomalies over the Euro-Atlantic sector during both extreme cold and warm ENSO episodes, suggesting that the Euro-Atlantic climate mainly responds to ENSO nonlinearly. The nonlinear response, mainly a quadratic response to the SSTA, reveals that regardless of the sign of the SSTA, positive SLP anomalies are found over the North Atlantic, stretching from eastern Canada to Europe (with anomaly center located just northwestward of Portugal), and negative anomalies centered over Scandinavia and Norwegian Sea, consistent with the excitation of the positive North Atlantic Oscillation pattern. 相似文献
13.
Several studies demonstrate that North Atlantic Oscillation influences variability of climate over Middle East. We use the centers of action approach for the study of winter rainfall variability over Middle East, taking into account variations in the components of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Azores High and the Icelandic Low pressure systems. The results show there is a negative relation between the interannual variations of winter rainfall over Middle East and Azores High pressure. The east–west shifts of Indian Ocean high pressure has also impact on precipitation over Middle East, there being more precipitation when the Indian Ocean High shifts eastward versus when it is westward. We present a regression model for Middle East precipitation in which the Azores High pressure and the Indian Ocean High longitude are independent variables and it explains 40 % of the variance of precipitation during 1952–2002. Furthermore, the ongoing decrease in winter precipitation over the Middle East is attributed to the increasing pressure of the Azores High over the same period. 相似文献
14.
Arctic sea ice responds to atmospheric forcing in primarily a top-down manner, whereby near-surface air circulation and temperature govern motion, formation, melting, and accretion. As a result, concentrations of sea ice vary with phases of many of the major modes of atmospheric variability, including the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. However, until this present study, variability of sea ice by phase of the leading mode of atmospheric intraseasonal variability, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has been found to modify Arctic circulation and temperature, remained largely unstudied. Anomalies in daily change in sea ice concentration were isolated for all phases of the real-time multivariate MJO index during both summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) months. The three principal findings of the current study were as follows. (1) The MJO projects onto the Arctic atmosphere, as evidenced by statistically significant wavy patterns and consistent anomaly sign changes in composites of surface and mid-tropospheric atmospheric fields. (2) The MJO modulates Arctic sea ice in both summer and winter seasons, with the region of greatest variability shifting with the migration of the ice margin poleward (equatorward) during the summer (winter) period. Active regions of coherent ice concentration variability were identified in the Atlantic sector on days when the MJO was in phases 4 and 7 and the Pacific sector on days when the MJO was in phases 2 and 6, all supported by corresponding anomalies in surface wind and temperature. During July, similar variability in sea ice concentration was found in the North Atlantic sector during MJO phases 2 and 6 and Siberian sector during MJO phases 1 and 5, also supported by corresponding anomalies in surface wind. (3) The MJO modulates Arctic sea ice regionally, often resulting in dipole-shaped patterns of variability between anomaly centers. These results provide an important first look at intraseasonal variability of sea ice in the Arctic. 相似文献
15.
A. V. Murav’ev I. A. Kulikova Yu. D. Resnyanskii 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(2):79-93
The spatial and temporal relationships between sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the North Atlantic and the large-scale
mid-troposphere circulation features in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer and the winter seasons are investigated.
Results are based on atmospheric circulation indices (CI), introduced by Wallace and Gutzler for physical reasoning the low
frequency atmospheric oscillations. Extreme levels and extreme situations in the mid-troposphere were defined and the SSTA
composite charts were constructed with backward lags from 0 to 3 months. Analysis shows that several CI extreme phases of
different signs are associated with synchronous and asynchronous SSTA composites of statistically separable types, or even
antipodes, which may be interpreted as the intraseasonal influence of the ocean on the large-scale mid-troposphere anomaly
features. Noteworthy is the role of the North Atlantic tropical zone in formation of ridges and blocking situations both in
synchronous and asynchronous aspects. The North Atlantic SSTA relations to the West Atlantic Oscillation are shown to be significantly
weaker that the same to the East Atlantic Oscillation. 相似文献
16.
J. A. Santos J. Corte-Real U. Ulbrich J. Palutikof 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2007,87(1-4):85-102
Summary The physical coupling between the occurrence of winter heavy precipitation in Europe and the surface large-scale circulation
is studied by isolating their coupled modes with a singular value decomposition technique. The leading mode is a clear manifestation
of the North Atlantic Oscillation forcing. The second mode reflects the influence of a centre-of-action in the pressure field
westward of the British Isles. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model (3rd generation) is skilful in reproducing these two modes and an eastward extension of the North Atlantic Oscillation towards
the Mediterranean Basin is projected under two future climatic scenarios. This extension yields an increase in the North Atlantic
Oscillation forcing over the occurrence of heavy precipitation in several regions of Southern Europe, which is corroborated
by the changes in the coupling of the daily precipitation. A combination of the first six coupled modes of the daily precipitation
revealed that its amounts in some parts of Western Europe and the Mediterranean are effectively governed by the large-scale
circulation. The model is still reasonably skilful in reproducing this large-scale coupling. The projected modifications,
both in the strength and in the patterns of the coupled modes, explain important fractions of the projected changes in variance,
which ultimately have implications in the occurrence of heavy precipitation in several European areas. Therefore, the ability
of a model in reproducing the large-scale forcing over the daily precipitation is important for the reliability of its projections
of the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Europe. 相似文献
17.
Influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the winter climate of East China 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation （AMO）, the multidecadal variation of North Atlantic sea surface temperature （SST）, exhibits an oscillation with a period of 65-80 years and an amplitude of 0.4℃. Observational composite analyses reveal that the warm phase AMO is linked to warmer winters in East China, with enhanced precipitation in the north of this region and reduced precipitation in the south, on multidecadal time scales. The pattern is reversed during the cold phase AMO. Whether the AMO acts as a forcing of the multidecadal winter climate of East China is explored by investigating the atmospheric response to warm AMO SST anomalies in a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） experiments. The results from three AGCMs are consistent and suggest that the AMO warmth favors warmer winters in East China. This influence is realized through inducing negative surface air pressure anomalies in the hemispheric-wide domain extending from the midlatitude North Atlantic to midlatitude Eurasia. These negative surface anomalies favor the weakening of the Mongolian Cold High, and thus induce a weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon. 相似文献
18.
Ivana Tošić Ivana Hrnjak Milivoj B. Gavrilov Miroslava Unkašević Slobodan B. Marković Tin Lukić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):331-341
Annual and seasonal variability of precipitation observed at 92 stations in Vojvodina (Serbia) were analyzed during the period 1946–2006. The rainfall series were examined by means of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The first set of singular vectors explains from 68.8 % (in summer) to 81.8 % (in winter) of the total variance. The temporal variability of the time series associated with the main EOF configurations (the principal components, PCs) was examined using the Mann–Kendall test and the spectral analysis. The time series of PC1 revealed decreasing trend in the winter and spring precipitation and increasing trend in the autumn, summer, and annual precipitation. The relationships between the first PC and circulation patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and East Atlantic/West Russia pattern, were also investigated. The PC1, displaying temporal behavior of the first mode, demonstrated evident correspondence with the NAO index in analysis of the annual, winter, and autumn precipitation. Power spectra of the PC1 show statistically significant oscillations of about 3.3 years for the spring precipitation and about 8 and 15 years for the winter precipitation. Comparisons with spectral analysis of authors for some regions in Europe, most of them in the Mediterranean domain, show that similar periodicities are detected. 相似文献
19.
Global North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) oceanic precipitation features in the latter half of the twentieth century are documented based on the intercomparison of multiple state-of-the-art precipitation datasets and the analysis of the NAO atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies. Most prominent precipitation anomalies occur over the ocean in the North Atlantic, where in winter a “quadrupole-like” pattern is found with centers in the western tropical Atlantic, sub-tropical Atlantic, high-latitude eastern Atlantic and over the Labrador Sea. The extent of the sub-tropical and high-latitude center and the amount of explained variance (over 50%) are quite remarkable. However, the tropical Atlantic center is probably the most intriguing feature of this pattern apparently linking the NAO with ITCZ variability. In summer, the pattern is “tripole-like” with centers in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea/Baltic Sea and in the sub-polar Atlantic. In the eastern Indian Ocean, the correlation is positive in winter and negative in summer, with some link to ENSO variability. The sensitivity of these patterns to the choice of the NAO index is minor in winter while quite important in summer. Interannual NAO precipitation anomalies have driven similar fresh water variations in these “key” regions. In the sub-tropical and high-latitude Atlantic in winter precipitation anomalies have been roughly 15 and 10% of climatology per unit change of the NAO, respectively. Decadal changes of the NAO during the last 50 years have also influenced precipitation and fresh water flux at these time-scales, with values lower (higher) than usual in the high-latitude eastern North Atlantic (Labrador Sea) in the 1960s and the late 1970s, and an opposite situation since the early 1980s; in summer the North Sea/Baltic region has been drier than usual during the period 1965–1975 when the NAO was generally positive. 相似文献
20.
春季北大西洋三极型海温异常变化及其与NAO和ENSO的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2016年HadISST逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1958—2016年美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WHOI)提供的OAFlux数据集,运用经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和偏相关分析等统计方法,研究了春季北大西洋海温异常的主要特征及其与春季NAO和前期冬季ENSO联系。结果表明:春季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是自北而南出现的三极结构的海温距平型,其方差贡献率为35.7%。春季北大西洋三极型海温异常的形成主要受到春季NAO主导作用,还受到前期冬季热带中东太平洋海温异常的影响。消除前期冬季Niňo3.4的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与同期北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)指数的偏相关系数分别为0.50,通过了99%置信度水平的显著性检验。消除春季NAO的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与前期冬季Niňo3.4指数的偏相关系数为-0.26,通过了95%信度水平的显著性检验。春季NAO正(负)位相引起的海表风场和海表湍流热通量的异常,进而激发出正(负)位相的北大西洋三极型海温异常。前期冬季ENSO事件可以引起春季大气环流异常和热带外海温异常,进而调制春季NAO对北大西洋三极型海温异常的影响。 相似文献