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1.
利用ERA40再分析资料和中国区域站点降水观测资料分析了冬季北大西洋至青藏高原上游地区上空西风变率的EOF主要模态(简称高原上游西风模态),并考察了这些模态与中国区域降水及北大西洋涛动(NAO)之间的联系。研究结果表明,冬季高原上游最主要的两种西风模态(EOF1和EOF2)都和北大西洋涛动(NAO)显著相关,却与中国冬季降水的关系明显不同:EOF1对应着整体位置偏北、南侧活动中心偏东的NAO型,并与高原西南侧及长江中下游地区冬季降水存在显著正相关;而EOF2对应着整体位置偏南,南侧活动中心位置偏西的NAO空间型,与中国冬季降水却没有显著的相关关系。进一步研究指出,在偏强的EOF1中,低纬异常西风带可向东伸展到位于亚欧大陆中南部的高原上游,造成高原西南侧中下层气流的爬升运动增强,导致高原西南侧降水异常偏多,同时,该西风异常可绕过高原形成异常西南风,与异常偏高的西太平洋副热带高压南侧湿润的东南风异常汇合于长江中下游地区,产生异常辐合上升运动,从而引起长江中下游地区冬季降水增强,反之亦然;而EOF2较EOF1位置偏东、偏南,低纬纬向风东伸较弱,对中国冬季降水影响不明显。这表明冬季高原上游西风异常分布的形态对下游中国区域降水的影响至关重要,而西风EOF1模态是NAO通过上下游效应影响中国冬季降水的一个重要媒介。 相似文献
2.
利用ERA40再分析资料和中国区域站点降水观测资料分析了冬季北大西洋至青藏高原上游地区上空西风变率的EOF主要模态(简称高原上游西风模态),并考察了这些模态与中国区域降水及北大西洋涛动(NAO)之间的联系。研究结果表明,冬季高原上游最主要的两种西风模态(EOF1和EOF2)都和北大西洋涛动(NAO)显著相关,却与中国冬季降水的关系明显不同:EOF1对应着整体位置偏北、南侧活动中心偏东的NAO型,并与高原西南侧及长江中下游地区冬季降水存在显著正相关;而EOF2对应着整体位置偏南,南侧活动中心位置偏西的NAO空间型,与中国冬季降水却没有显著的相关关系。进一步研究指出,在偏强的EOF1中,低纬异常西风带可向东伸展到位于亚欧大陆中南部的高原上游,造成高原西南侧中下层气流的爬升运动增强,导致高原西南侧降水异常偏多,同时,该西风异常可绕过高原形成异常西南风,与异常偏高的西太平洋副热带高压南侧湿润的东南风异常汇合于长江中下游地区,产生异常辐合上升运动,从而引起长江中下游地区冬季降水增强,反之亦然;而EOF2较EOF1位置偏东、偏南,低纬纬向风东伸较弱,对中国冬季降水影响不明显。这表明冬季高原上游西风异常分布的形态对下游中国区域降水的影响至关重要,而西风EOF1模态是NAO通过上下游效应影响中国冬季降水的一个重要媒介。 相似文献
3.
北大西洋海表面温度锋与大西洋风暴路径及大气大尺度异常的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用NCEP、Had ISST再分析资料,北大西洋涛动(NAO)月指数序列,探讨了海表面温度(SST)锋的时空变化特征,揭示了北大西洋SST锋的主要气候变率及其与北大西洋风暴轴和大气大尺度环流异常的关系。研究表明,剔除季节循环后的SST锋显示其最主要变率为锋区的向南/北摆动,其对应的风暴轴发生相应的西南/东北移动,并同时在北大西洋上空对应一个跨海盆的位势高度负/正异常。这种环流异常可引起高纬度海平面气压(SLP)的反气旋/气旋式环流,这有利于增强海表面风对大洋副极地环流的负/正涡度异常输入,进一步减弱/加强了高纬度上层冷水向SST锋区的输送。北大西洋SST锋的另一主要模态为锋区在南北方向的分支和合并。当SST锋异常在40°N~45°N以单支形式加强时,对流层位势高度场和SLP南北梯度增大,对应NAO正位相,此时风暴轴也为单支型;同时SLP异常场促使冰岛附近具有气旋式风应力异常,亚速尔地区具有反气旋式风应力异常,导致副极地环流和副热带环流均加强,增加高纬度冷水和低纬度暖水在锋区的输入,从而进一步增强40°N~45°N附近的SST锋区。当SST锋异常在40°N~45°N纬带南北发生分支时,风暴轴也同时出现北强南弱的南北分支,此时对应了负位相NAO,来自北南的冷暖水输送减弱,SST锋也发生减弱分支。此外,位于大洋内区的SST锋东端也存在一个偶极子型的模态,尽管其解释方差相对较小,但仍与偏东北的NAO型具有显著相关。谱分析表明,北大西洋SST锋与风暴轴具有1~3年和年代际共振,与中高纬大尺度环流也存在周期1~3年的共变信号,其中准一年共变信号体现了SST锋和NAO之间的对应关系。进一步诊断分析表明,SST锋上空的近表层大气斜压性和经向温度梯度随着SST锋的增强而增强,经向热通量的向北输送导致涡动有效位能的增加;海洋的非绝热加热产生更强的垂直热量通量,这有利于涡动有效位能释放成为涡动动能,从而表现为该区域的风暴轴加强,并进一步影响风暴轴中的天气尺度扰动与下游大尺度环流异常的相互作用过程。 相似文献
4.
春季北大西洋三极型海温异常变化及其与NAO和ENSO的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2016年HadISST逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1958—2016年美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WHOI)提供的OAFlux数据集,运用经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和偏相关分析等统计方法,研究了春季北大西洋海温异常的主要特征及其与春季NAO和前期冬季ENSO联系。结果表明:春季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是自北而南出现的三极结构的海温距平型,其方差贡献率为35.7%。春季北大西洋三极型海温异常的形成主要受到春季NAO主导作用,还受到前期冬季热带中东太平洋海温异常的影响。消除前期冬季Niňo3.4的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与同期北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)指数的偏相关系数分别为0.50,通过了99%置信度水平的显著性检验。消除春季NAO的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与前期冬季Niňo3.4指数的偏相关系数为-0.26,通过了95%信度水平的显著性检验。春季NAO正(负)位相引起的海表风场和海表湍流热通量的异常,进而激发出正(负)位相的北大西洋三极型海温异常。前期冬季ENSO事件可以引起春季大气环流异常和热带外海温异常,进而调制春季NAO对北大西洋三极型海温异常的影响。 相似文献
5.
冬季北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的不对称关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1951-2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160个站逐月降水资料,探讨了冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)与同期中国西南地区降水的关系.结果表明,冬季北大西洋涛动与西南地区降水存在显著的正相关关系,并且,正相关具有不对称性,即当冬季北大西洋涛动处于负位相时,东亚地区环流形势不利于中国西南地区降水的形成,对应着中国西南地区冬季降水的显著减少.而当冬季北大西洋涛动处于正位相时,北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的正相关关系并不显著.进一步的分析表明,与中国西南冬季降水变化密切相关的主要环流结构是里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关型(CAT遥相关型).北大西洋涛动与里海和中东阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关结构存在不对称关系,两者的关系仅在北大西洋涛动负位相时显著.冬季北大西洋涛动高、低指数年分别合成的波射线和波作用通量的结果表明,当冬季北大西洋涛动为负位相时,冬季地中海地区的扰动源会形成与里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关路径一致的波射线,同时波作用通量的结果表明,定常波由里海和中东、阿拉伯海一直传播到青藏高原及下游地区,而冬季北大西洋涛动高指数年,地中海地区的扰动源所形成的波射线偏北,波动传播到达印度半岛地区之后不再向下游传播.冬季北大西洋涛动对里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关波列的不对称影响决定了北大西洋涛动与西南冬季降水的不对称关系. 相似文献
6.
随着全球变暖，旱涝异常的强度和频率不断增加，为增进对旱涝异常转换事件的认识，提高西北地区东部降水预测水平，利用1979—2020年我国西北地区东部逐月降水、海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）数据以及NCEP/NCAR环流再分析资料，通过建立旱涝转换指数，对西北地区东部春、夏季旱涝转换环流特征进行分析，并围绕大西洋SST异常对其可能产生的影响进行探讨。结果表明：西北地区东部旱转涝年，春季极涡偏弱，乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强，东亚大槽偏深，西北地区东部受西北干冷气流控制，降水易偏少；夏季上游低值系统活跃，南亚高压偏强，西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西，西北地区东部受副热带高压和上游低槽系统共同影响，且有暖湿气流，降水易偏多，涝转旱年情况相反。上年冬季至当年夏季，大西洋类“三极子”型的SST异常是造成季节间降水明显差异的关键因子，旱转涝年春季大西洋类“三极子”负位相的SST状态激发出一支纬向型遥相关波列，经欧洲中西部、巴尔喀什湖地区东传至我国东北至日本海一带，此时中高纬环流形势有利于西北地区东部降水偏少；夏季SST异常激发的波列强度减弱、位置西移，中高纬关键环流系统的... 相似文献
7.
北大西洋年际变率的海气耦合模式模拟Ⅰ：局地海气相互作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
检验了一个全球海气耦合模式对北大西洋年际气候变率的模拟,讨论了导致这种年际变率型的物理机制,并分析了其对年代际变率的可能影响。北大西洋冬季SST的主导变率模态,在经向上表现为三核型,自北而南出现“- -”的带状距平型;最大距平中心位于副极地大洋、中纬度大洋的西部以及热带海域,耦合模式较为真实地再现了这一特征。与三核型SST异常相对应的大气环流型表现为北大西洋涛动,具有显著的正压结构。上述异常型主要发生在年际尺度,具有3—4年的谱峰;在次年代际尺度上,也存在谱峰。分析表明,模式中三核型SST异常的产生,主要来自大气的强迫,NAO增强,中纬度大洋上的西风减弱,海洋感热和潜热通量损失减少,中纬度大洋得到的净热通量增加,导致SST出现正距平;在包括Labrador海在内的副极地大洋,NAO增强、冰岛低压加深,气旋性环流增强,来自高纬度的冷空气吹过洋面,海气温差加大,大洋的感热通量损失增加,SST降低。热带地区东风的增强,也是导致那里SST降低的重要机制。三核型SST异常对大气的反馈作用较弱,文中没有证据表明它能够影响到北大西洋地区的年代际气候变率。 相似文献
8.
本文研究了春季北大西洋海温异常与中国东部极端低温事件频次年际变化之间的关系。结果表明，北大西洋三极型海温异常模态（NATSST）在20世纪80年代末后可以显著影响中国东部极端低温事件频次第一主导模态的变化，但在80年代末之前却不能。进一步的机制分析表明，这两者关系之所以发生年代际变化，可能与NATSST激发的遥相关波列在20世纪80年代末前后期不同有关。在1960～1987年，NATSST激发的遥相关波列从北大西洋向中亚南部地区传播，路径偏南，对东亚地区大气环流的影响较弱，从而不能显著影响中国东部地区极端低温事件的变化。但在1992～2019年，NATSST能够激发南、北两支遥相关波列到达东亚。其中，北支波列与北大西洋涛动（NAO）有关，该波列从北大西洋出发沿欧亚中高纬向东传播，可以在蒙古地区造成异常气旋/反气旋性环流；南支波列从北大西洋出发沿欧亚中低纬向东传播，可以在中国中南部造成异常气旋/反气旋性环流。上述气旋/反气旋性环流有利/不利于中高纬冷空气南下，同时改变中国东部地区地表热通量，从而造成有利/不利于极端低温事件发生的气候背景条件，使得中国东部地区极端低温事件频次增加/减少。通... 相似文献
9.
采用EOF分解和合成分析方法研究了1960-2003年山西夏季降水异常之北少(多)南多(少)型(第二类雨型)和山西省气温的变化异常.结果表明,两者具有较好的对应关系.分析了第二类异常雨型的时空分布,并给出相应的典型年份.EOF时间系数变化特征揭示了山西夏季降水第二类雨型有显著的年际振荡.利用合成分析,从500hPa位势高度场、纬向风、850hPa风场、700hPa水汽场和水汽输送场等物理量场研究了山西夏季第二类雨型的环流异常特征.结果表明,第二类雨型与弱的东亚夏季风相关联,北多南少和北少南多是弱夏季风的不同表现.山西省夏季降水北多南少年副高呈带状分布,位置偏北,强度较强;中高纬度地区异常波列呈大圆路径分布,在高纬度地区存在纬向排列的- -波列,同时在东亚大陆沿岸存在经向排列的- -波列.并且华北北部有西风异常,北支锋区偏北,由西南向东北水汽输送较强.北少南多年与之相反.海温场分析表明,第二类雨型与中北太平洋海温异常紧密相关. 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP/NCAR大气环流再分析资料和NOAA提供的太阳黑子资料,讨论了冬季中东急流年际变化特征,并探讨了太阳活动对北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)与冬季中东急流轴线位置之间关系的调制作用。结果表明:冬季中东急流的轴线位置表现出显著的年际变化特征,在空间上主要表现了中东急流东西两侧轴线南北移动呈反向变化(Middle East Jet Axis shift east-west Out-phase,MEJAO)型和中东急流轴线南北移动呈整体一致的变化特征(Middle East Jet Axis shift In-phase,MEJAI)型。另外,在太阳活动强时期,NAO(North Atlantic Oscillation,北大西洋涛动)的空间结构更靠近北大西洋东侧的大陆上,欧洲大陆北侧与地中海地区出现相反的SLP(Sea Level Pressure,海平面气压)异常,通过Ekman抽吸作用形成次级环流,在对流层高层地中海地区易出现辐合异常,并激发Rossby波波列,在伊朗高原上空会形成位势高度异常,从而中东急流东部轴线南北侧西风呈相反的变化。同时,在对流层高层欧洲大陆南侧形成的位势高度异常,也会使得中东急流西部轴线北侧西风出现异常。中东急流东、西部西风异常的空间结构呈反相变化,即出现了MEJAO型。而在太阳活动弱时期,NAO的空间结构主要局限在北大西洋地区,不易形成地中海辐合异常,NAO与MEJAO型的关系不密切。因此,太阳活动对NAO与MEJAO型之间的关系存在着调制作用。 相似文献
11.
我国西南地区干湿季降水的主模态分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用我国西南地区26个台站降水资料,通过经验正交函数（EOF）分解的方法,分析了1980～2009年该地区干季（10～4月）和湿季（5～9月）降水的主模态。我国西南地区干季降水的时空变化存在两种主模态,它们分别可以解释总方差的22.4%和15.6%。第1主模态为全区一致型,具有准两年周期振荡的年际变化特征;第2主模态为东南—西北反向型,从20世纪90年代中期至21世纪初呈现2～3年的变化周期。我国西南地区湿季降水的时空变化存在三种主模态,它们分别可以解释总方差的17.1%,13.8%和11.1%。第1主模态为全区一致型,20世纪90年代初期具有较强的2～4年周期;第2主模态为经向偶极子型分布,并具有显著的4年周期;第3主模态为纬向偶极子型分布,具有2～4年的年际变化信号。进一步利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的海表面温度（SST）资料,通过合成分析和回归分析的方法探讨了与干湿季降水各主模态对应的大尺度大气环流和海温状况。我国西南地区干季降水第1主模态与北极涛动（AO）有明显的正相关关系,对应的大气环流和海温状况表现为高纬北冰洋与中纬度地区上空高度场的反向异常分布,北大西洋和北太平洋海温低纬与中高纬的偶极子型异常分布;第2主模态与中高纬欧亚大陆上空高度场经向偶极子型异常分布有关,中纬度北太平洋的海温异常与该模态具有紧密的联系。我国西南地区湿季降水第1主模态与北大西洋涛动（NAO）显著负相关,对应的大气环流和海温状况表现为北大西洋上,高纬度与中纬度地区上空高度场的偶极子型异常分布,海温从低纬到中高纬的三极子型异常分布;第2主模态受欧亚大陆上空高度场经向三极子型异常分布影响,并与北太平洋海温异常的一致型分布有关;第3主模态可能与El Ni?o Modoki有关,同时受到南亚高压的影响,赤道太平洋海温的纬向三极子型异常分布对该模态具有一定的潜在预报意义。 相似文献
12.
Chunzai Wang 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(4):411-422
A maximum of easterly zonal wind at 925 hPa in the Caribbean region is called the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ). Observations
show that the easterly CLLJ varies semi-annually, with two maxima in the summer and winter and two minima in the fall and
spring. Associated with the summertime strong CLLJ are a maximum of sea level pressure (SLP), a relative minimum of rainfall
(the mid-summer drought), and a minimum of tropical cyclogenesis in July in the Caribbean Sea. It is found that both the meridional
gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and SLP show a semi-annual feature, consistent with the semi-annual variation of
the CLLJ. The CLLJ anomalies vary with the Caribbean SLP anomalies that are connected to the variation of the North Atlantic
Subtropical High (NASH). In association with the cold (warm) Caribbean SST anomalies, the atmosphere shows the high (low)
SLP anomalies near the Caribbean region that are consistent with the anomalously strong (weak) easterly CLLJ. The CLLJ is
also remotely related to the SST anomalies in the Pacific and Atlantic, reflecting that these SST variations affect the NASH.
During the winter, warm (cold) SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific correspond to a weak (strong) easterly CLLJ. However,
this relationship is reversed during the summer. This is because the effects of ENSO on the NASH are opposite during the winter
and summer. The CLLJ varies in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) since a strong (weak) NASH is associated with
a strengthening (weakening) of both the CLLJ and the NAO. The CLLJ is positively correlated with the 925-hPa meridional wind
anomalies from the ocean to the United States via the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the CLLJ and the meridional wind carry moisture
from the ocean to the central United States, usually resulting in an opposite (or dipole) rainfall pattern in the tropical
North Atlantic Ocean and Atlantic warm pool versus the central United States. 相似文献
13.
H. Nakamura 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,55(1-4):19-32
Summary Interannual variability in the activity of fluctuations with subseasonal time scales is investigated based upon observed data of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere circulation over the recent 38 winters. Their activity is represented in the root mean square (RMS) field of filtered geopotential height in which the fluctuations with time scales between 10 days and a season are retained. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the covariance matrix between the seasonal mean and RMS fields for the 500-hPa height.The leading SVD mode for the north Pacific represents the strong relationship between the polarity of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern in the seasonal-mean anomalies and the amplitude of a meridionally-oriented dipole-like oscillation within the season. It tends to be more active when the seasonal-mean jet stream is strongly diffluent over the central Pacific than when the jet is extended zonally across the Pacific. The leading SVD mode for the north Atlantic is indicative of stronger intraseasonal fluctuations near Greenland in the presence of anticyclonic seasonal-mean anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).The intraseasonal variability in the extratropics is strongly correlated with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and that in the north Pacific also exhibits significant but rather weak correlation with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific. The activity of the atmospheric intraseasonal fluctuations is found to be modulated in accordance with interdecadal variability in the seasonal-mean circulation and SST.On leave from Department of Earth & Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo.With 12 Figures 相似文献
14.
High and low latitude types of the downstream influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using reanalysis data, we find that the downstream-propagating quasi-stationary Rossby wave train associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) generally propagates along a high (low)-latitude pathway during warm (cold) El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) boreal winters. Consistent with the different propagation directions of the NAO-related downstream wave train, during the warm (cold) ENSO winters, the NAO is associated with significant 300 hPa geopotential height anomalies over eastern Siberia (the Arabian Sea, the east coast of Asia at around 40°N, and the North Pacific), and the near-surface air temperature perturbations associated with the NAO over the high latitudes of Asia are relatively strong (weak). Based on these differences, we argue that the NAO has two distinct types of downstream influence: a high-latitude type and a low-latitude type. Furthermore, we argue that the two types of NAO’s downstream influence are modulated by the intensity of the subtropical potential vorticity (PV) meridional gradient over Africa. When this gradient is weak (strong), as in the warm (cold) ENSO winters, the NAO’s downstream influence tends to be of the high (low)-latitude type. These results are further supported by analysis of intraseasonal NAO events. We separate NAO events into two categories in terms of the intensity of the subtropical PV gradient over Africa. Composites of the NAO events accompanied by a weak (strong) subtropical PV gradient show that the NAO-related downstream wave train tends to propagate along a high (low)-latitude pathway. 相似文献
15.
Global North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) oceanic precipitation features in the latter half of the twentieth century are documented based on the intercomparison of multiple state-of-the-art precipitation datasets and the analysis of the NAO atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies. Most prominent precipitation anomalies occur over the ocean in the North Atlantic, where in winter a “quadrupole-like” pattern is found with centers in the western tropical Atlantic, sub-tropical Atlantic, high-latitude eastern Atlantic and over the Labrador Sea. The extent of the sub-tropical and high-latitude center and the amount of explained variance (over 50%) are quite remarkable. However, the tropical Atlantic center is probably the most intriguing feature of this pattern apparently linking the NAO with ITCZ variability. In summer, the pattern is “tripole-like” with centers in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea/Baltic Sea and in the sub-polar Atlantic. In the eastern Indian Ocean, the correlation is positive in winter and negative in summer, with some link to ENSO variability. The sensitivity of these patterns to the choice of the NAO index is minor in winter while quite important in summer. Interannual NAO precipitation anomalies have driven similar fresh water variations in these “key” regions. In the sub-tropical and high-latitude Atlantic in winter precipitation anomalies have been roughly 15 and 10% of climatology per unit change of the NAO, respectively. Decadal changes of the NAO during the last 50 years have also influenced precipitation and fresh water flux at these time-scales, with values lower (higher) than usual in the high-latitude eastern North Atlantic (Labrador Sea) in the 1960s and the late 1970s, and an opposite situation since the early 1980s; in summer the North Sea/Baltic region has been drier than usual during the period 1965–1975 when the NAO was generally positive. 相似文献
16.
Wintertime variability of Mediterranean precipitation and its links with large-scale circulation anomalies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A standard principal component analysis has been performed over the Mediterranean and over the larger European region on monthly precipitation anomalies for the winters between 1979 and 1995. The main centres of action of the associated EOFs are very similar for the two regions and the two sets of PCs are highly correlated with each other. Focusing on the Mediterranean region, the same analysis has been performed using 500?hPa geopotential height monthly anomalies taken from the operational NCEP analysis. Comparing the two sets of PCs associated with upper-air and surface data, a strong correlation has been found suggesting the presence of a two-way link between regional precipitation patterns and large-scale circulation anomalies. For both fields, the largest fraction of variance is explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation, while smaller but still substantial fractions are explained by other known patterns of large-scale variability such as the Eastern Atlantic pattern and the Euro-Atlantic blocking. No detectable connection has been found between Mediterranean precipitation patterns and El Niño SST anomalies during winter. With respect to temporal variability, significant trends have been found over most European areas during the winters considered. The associated pattern is characterised by a substantial increase of precipitation over western Scandinavia and a general decrease over southern Europe. This result is confirmed by analysing data from stations located in northern Italy. 相似文献
17.
Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13, an interglacial about 500,000?years ago, is unique due to an exceptionally strong East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) occurring in a relatively cool climate with low greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG). This paper attempts to find one of the possible mechanisms for this seeming paradox. Simulations with an Earth System model LOVECLIM show that the presence of ice sheets over North America and Eurasia during MIS-13 induces a positive phase of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) like feature. The ocean having a longer memory than the atmosphere, the oceanic anomalies associated with NAO persists until summer. The signals of summer NAO are transmitted to East Asia to reinforce the monsoon there through the stationary waves excited at the Asian Jet entrance. The geopotential height shows clearly a mid-latitude wave train with positive anomalies over the eastern Mediterranean/Caspian Sea and the Okhotsk Sea and a negative anomaly over Lake Baikal. This reinforces the effect of the high-latitude wave train induced independently by the Eurasian ice sheet topography as shown in previous study. These features reinforce the Meiyu front and enhance the precipitation over East Asia. The results obtained from LOVECLIM are further confirmed by an atmospheric general circulation model, ARPEGE. 相似文献
18.
An Observed Connection Between Wintertime Temperature Anomalies over Northwest China and Weather Regime Transitions in North Atlantic 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, the association between wintertime temperature anomalies over Northwest China and the weather regime transitions in North Atlantic on synoptic scale is analyzed by using observational surface air temperature(SAT) data and atmospheric reanalysis data. Daily SAT anomaly and duration time are used in order to define SAT anomaly cases. Differences with regard to the circulation anomalies over the Ural Mountains and the upstream North Atlantic area are evident. It is found that the colder than normal SAT is caused by the enhanced Ural high and associated southward flow over Northwest China. Time-lagged composites reveal possible connections between the SAT anomalies and the different development phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The Ural highs tend to be strengthened during the negative phase of NAO(NAO–) to Atlantic ridge transition, which are closely related to the downstream-propagating Rossby wave activity. The opposite circulation patterns are observed in the warm SAT cases. A cyclonic circulation anomaly is distinctly enhanced over the Urals during the positive phase of NAO(NAO+) to Scandinavian blocking transition, which would cause warmer SAT over Northwest China. Further analyses suggest that the intensified zonal wind over North Atlantic would favor the NAO– to Atlantic ridge transition, while the weakened zonal wind may be responsible for the transition between NAO+ and Scandinavian blocking. 相似文献
19.
Winter AO/NAO modifies summer ocean heat content and monsoonal circulation over the western Indian Ocean 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper analyzes the possible influence of boreal winter Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/ NAO) on the Indian Ocean upper ocean heat content in summer as well as the summer monsoonal circulation. The strong interannual co-variation between winter 1000-hPa geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and summer ocean heat content in the uppermost 120 m over the tropical Indian Ocean was investigated by a singular decomposition analysis for the period 1979–2014. The second paired-modes explain 23.8% of the squared covariance, and reveal an AO/NAO pattern over the North Atlantic and a warming upper ocean in the western tropical Indian Ocean. The positive upper ocean heat content enhances evaporation and convection, and results in an anomalous meridional circulation with ascending motion over 5°S–5°N and descending over 15°–25°N. Correspondingly, in the lower troposphere, significantly anomalous northerly winds appear over the western Indian Ocean north of the equator, implying a weaker summer monsoon circulation. The off-equator oceanic Rossby wave plays a key role in linking the AO/NAO and the summer heat content anomalies. In boreal winter, a positive AO/NAO triggers a down-welling Rossby wave in the central tropical Indian Ocean through the atmospheric teleconnection. As the Rossby wave arrives in the western Indian Ocean in summer, it results in anomalous upper ocean heating near the equator mainly through the meridional advection. The AO/NAO-forced Rossby wave and the resultant upper ocean warming are well reproduced by an ocean circulation model. The winter AO/NAO could be a potential season-lead driver of the summer atmospheric circulation over the northwestern Indian Ocean. 相似文献
20.
The present paper selects the northern winter of December 1995–February 1996 for a case study on the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. In the Atlantic, the selected winter was characterized by positive SST anomalies over the northern subtropics and east of Newfoundland, and negative anomalies along the US coast. A weak La Niña event developed in the Pacific. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was low, precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa was anomalously high, and precipitation over northern Europe was anomalously low. The method of study consists of assessing the sensitivity of ensemble simulations by the UCLA atmospheric general circulation model (UCLA AGCM) to SST anomalies from the observation, which are prescribed either in the World Oceans, the Atlantic Ocean only, or the subtropical North Atlantic only. The results obtained are compared with a control run that uses global, time-varying climatological SST. The ensemble simulations with global and Atlantic-only SST anomalies both produce results that resemble the observations over the North Atlantic and Western Europe. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior of the atmosphere in the selected winter over those regions, therefore, was primarily determined by conditions within the Atlantic basin. The simulated fields in the tropical North Atlantic show anomalous upward motion and lower (upper) level convergence (divergence) in the atmosphere overlying the positive SST anomalies. Consistently, the subtropical jet intensifies and its core moves equatorward, and precipitation increases over northern Africa and southern Europe. The results also suggest that the SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic only do not suffice to produce the atmospheric anomalies observed in the basin during the selected winter. The extratropical SST anomalies would provide a key contribution through increased transient eddy activity, which causes an extension of the subtropical jet eastward from the coast of North America. 相似文献