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利用再分析数据,以在北半球冬季与北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)相关的向下游传播的准定常波列在欧洲地区是否发生反射为标准,将1957/1958年至2001/2002年这45个冬季分为高纬型和低纬型两类冬季,分别简称为在H型和L型冬季。在H(L)型冬季,和NAO相联系的向下游传播的Rossby波列主要沿高纬度(低纬度)路径传播。对比了在两种类型冬季NAO与同期大气环流、近地面温度(Surface Air Temperature,SAT)、海表面温度(Sea Surface Tempertaure,SST)和降水的关系。结果表明:大气环流方面,在H型冬季,300 hPa位势高度异常在西-西伯利亚和中-西伯利亚西部与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季300 hPa位势高度异常在亚洲东海岸(约40°N)和北太平洋呈现正相关,在H型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在中纬度形成波列,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在副热带形成波列;SAT方面,在H型冬季SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地高纬度地区与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地的高纬度地区相对较弱,但NAO造成的SAT异常可以扩展到亚洲东北部;降水方面,H型冬季与L型冬季主要区别在中国南方,在H型冬季降水异常与NAO的关系相对较弱,而在L型冬季降水异常与NAO呈现正相关关系;SST方面,同期SST异常在北大西洋中纬度海域与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SST异常在北大西洋中纬度地区相对较弱,在北大西洋北部和南部较强。总体而言,在H型和L型冬季,NAO具有不同下游影响。 相似文献
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春季北大西洋三极型海温异常变化及其与NAO和ENSO的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951—2016年HadISST逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1958—2016年美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,WHOI)提供的OAFlux数据集,运用经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和偏相关分析等统计方法,研究了春季北大西洋海温异常的主要特征及其与春季NAO和前期冬季ENSO联系。结果表明:春季北大西洋海温异常EOF的第一模态是自北而南出现的三极结构的海温距平型,其方差贡献率为35.7%。春季北大西洋三极型海温异常的形成主要受到春季NAO主导作用,还受到前期冬季热带中东太平洋海温异常的影响。消除前期冬季Niňo3.4的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与同期北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)指数的偏相关系数分别为0.50,通过了99%置信度水平的显著性检验。消除春季NAO的影响后,春季北大西洋三极型海温异常指数与前期冬季Niňo3.4指数的偏相关系数为-0.26,通过了95%信度水平的显著性检验。春季NAO正(负)位相引起的海表风场和海表湍流热通量的异常,进而激发出正(负)位相的北大西洋三极型海温异常。前期冬季ENSO事件可以引起春季大气环流异常和热带外海温异常,进而调制春季NAO对北大西洋三极型海温异常的影响。 相似文献
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利用欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5再分析资料,分析中高纬度大尺度环流异常对2022年盛夏长江中下游地区大范围极端高温事件的影响。结果表明,此次极端高温异常主要受到东亚副热带异常反气旋和北部异常气旋的影响。该经向偶极型环流异常与北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)和英国-鄂霍次克海走廊型遥相关型(British-Okhotsk Corridor,BOC)密切相关。NAO正位相关联的副热带急流波列有利于副热带反气旋的形成。同时,正位相的BOC与丝绸之路遥相关耦合,有利于经向偶极型环流模态的形成。在该环流模态的影响下,对流层高层的南亚高压和西风急流明显增强且东伸,中低层西太平洋副热带高压增强西伸。异常高压控制下的下沉气流以及西风急流出口区右侧的下沉气流通过绝热下沉增温与晴空短波辐射增温,促进地表气温升高,进而引发极端高温异常。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2017,(6)
通过对2008年1-2月中国南方一次严重低温雨雪冰冻天气的分析,发现期间的两次乌拉尔山阻塞过程都对其有重要影响,且均伴随着北大西洋涛动正位相事件(North Atlantic Oscillation~+,NAO~+),但由于其发展演变位置的不同对中国的温度和降水造成了截然不同的影响。因此利用ERA-Interim再分析资料计算了1979-2014年冬季乌拉尔山阻塞的平均活动中心,将NAO~+相关乌拉尔山阻塞根据位置变化分为偏北型、偏南型、偏东型和偏西型四类阻塞,研究其对中国冬季天气的影响。结果表明,偏南型和偏东型的乌拉尔山阻塞更容易引起中国冬季的异常降温;研究还发现与NAO~+相关的乌拉尔山阻塞的发展演变总是滞后NAO~+事件3~6天,其位置的变化主要受前期NAO~+期间的纬向风异常分布及急流位置和强度的影响;另外,对1979-2014年冬季乌拉尔山阻塞和NAO的统计结果显示,绝大部分的乌拉尔山阻塞发生时伴随了NAO事件,NAO~+期间比NAO负位相(North Atlantic Oscillation-,NAO-)期间更容易产生乌拉尔山阻塞,但伴随NAO-事件的阻塞强度更大,引起中国冬季的降温也更明显;进一步研究表明,单一的NAO事件期间引起中国冬季温度的变化非常微弱,因此,乌拉尔山阻塞可以作为NAO事件影响中国寒冷天气的媒介。 相似文献
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利用1979—2017年欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的ERA-Interim再分析数据与中国气象局-上海台风研究所(China Meteorological Administration-Shanghai Typhoon Research Institute,CM A-STI)、美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)整编的西北太平洋热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)资料集,分析东亚高层(200hPa)纬向风季节内振荡(Intraseasonal Oscillation,ISO)与7—8月登陆中国大陆TC频数年际变化的联系。结果表明:7—8月中国大陆登陆TC频数与西风急流出口区南侧(北侧)纬向风为显著负(正)相关,南侧显著相关区与北侧的差定义的东亚西风急流指数(East Asian Westerly Jet Index,EAWJI)可定量描述急流经向移动,EAWJI负异常时急流北移、登陆TC偏多,反之急流南移、登陆TC偏少。急流北移,TC活动区域对流层高层呈偏东风异常,产生异常东风切变,有利于TC登陆过程的维持,使登陆中国大陆TC频数增多。东亚高层纬向风ISO与年际变化的标准差场、EOF模态的高度相似性说明两者由同一空间主导模态所控制,表明若其ISO偏北偏南振荡发生频率为非正态分布,剩余偏差将改变其季节平均。TC登陆多年,东亚西风急流指数ISO呈更高频率偏北移动,引起急流出口区南侧ISO尺度扰动涡度通量辐合,使季节平均西风减小,急流位置北移,说明高层纬向风ISO可通过间接调制影响TC登陆的大尺度环流进而与登陆TC频数的年际变化相联系。 相似文献
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冬季200 hPa西太平洋急流异常与海表加热和大气瞬变扰动的关系探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用ERA40和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料探讨了冬季200 hPa东亚沿海到太平洋上空西风急流(WPJS)异常与北太平洋冬季海表加热和天气尺度瞬变扰动异常的关系。研究表明,东亚—北太平洋中纬度地区冬季海气系统与天气尺度瞬变扰动活动有十分密切的局地空间匹配型。通过进一步的诊断分析发现,与冬季200 hPa WPJS 3种不同的空间异常型相伴随的北太平洋海表加热异常型和天气尺度扰动异常型也截然不同:第1种空间异常型的西风异常主要发生于日界线以东的中东太平洋上空,而WPJS主体处却没有显著的异常发生,此时,在赤道中东太平洋和北太平洋海盆中部地区有异常的海表加热,西风异常区的瞬变扰动也发生异常变化;第2种空间异常型表现为WPJS主体区西风急流强度的变化,并与黑潮表面加热异常以及WPJS出口处的瞬变扰动活动异常有密切关系;第3种空间异常型显示出WPJS的南北移动,它与以35°N为界的西北太平洋南部和北部海区海表加热异常的正负对比有关系,与此同时,瞬变扰动活动也存在相应的南北移动。一个可能的联系是海表加热异常与大尺度平均气流异常密切关联,从而改变了中纬度大气斜压性,由此导致了瞬变扰动异常,后者通过大气内部动力过程对冬季WPJS异常起维持作用。 相似文献
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冬季黑潮暖流区加热异常对东亚副热带西风急流影响的数值研究 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
通过对大气环流格点模式GAMIL性能的检验表明, 模式较好地再现了东亚地区大气环流型态、高空西风急流变化及表面加热场的季节变化。在此基础上, 设计敏感性试验研究了冬季西太平洋黑潮暖流关键区加热异常对高空西风急流影响, 数值试验结果表明冬季西太平洋黑潮暖流区加热正异常将引起东亚大槽偏东, 大陆冷高压、阿留申低压及位于低纬太平洋上的西太平洋副高均有所增强, 从而导致了冬季风环流加强。相应地, 东北太平洋上出现了明显的气旋差值环流, 而在中高纬大陆海洋交界地区出现反气旋式差值环流; 同时, 西风急流区南侧的低纬地区位势高度及温度场为正异常, 而北侧的中高纬地区为负异常, 这种分布将使得急流区经向气压梯度和南北温差加大, 导致急流的增强。模式结果分别从热力适应理论及热成风的角度验证了黑潮暖流区表面加热异常对急流的影响机理。 相似文献
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利用中国气象局提供的降水数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了1961-2018年中国西北地区降水的气候特征,并构建了西北地区东部降水短期预测的统计降尺度模型。结果表明,1961-2018年西北地区降水整体呈现增加趋势,尤其是2000年以后降水明显偏多;西北地区降水呈西少东多的特征,但西部降水增加明显,而东部降水无明显趋势变化。针对西北地区东部夏季降水进行归因分析,找到了影响西北地区东部降水的4个同期关键影响因子——中亚地区200 hPa位势高度、北太平洋850 hPa V风、北大西洋850 hPa U风、南印度洋海平面气压,这4个因子分别反映了西风急流的特征、北太平洋海平面气压的“-+”结构、北大西洋涛动（North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO）的特征及马斯克林高压的强度;当西风急流偏北偏强、北太平洋海平面气压“-+”结构减弱、 NAO偏强或马斯克林高压偏弱时,有利于西北地区东部降水。在降尺度模型建立阶段,模型结果与西北地区东部夏季降水量平均偏差为17.5 mm,平均偏差率为10.3%;在模型检验阶段,模型结果与西北地区东部夏季降水量平均偏差为26.2 m... 相似文献
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利用ERA40再分析资料和中国区域站点降水观测资料分析了冬季北大西洋至青藏高原上游地区上空西风变率的EOF主要模态(简称高原上游西风模态),并考察了这些模态与中国区域降水及北大西洋涛动(NAO)之间的联系。研究结果表明,冬季高原上游最主要的两种西风模态(EOF1和EOF2)都和北大西洋涛动(NAO)显著相关,却与中国冬季降水的关系明显不同:EOF1对应着整体位置偏北、南侧活动中心偏东的NAO型,并与高原西南侧及长江中下游地区冬季降水存在显著正相关;而EOF2对应着整体位置偏南,南侧活动中心位置偏西的NAO空间型,与中国冬季降水却没有显著的相关关系。进一步研究指出,在偏强的EOF1中,低纬异常西风带可向东伸展到位于亚欧大陆中南部的高原上游,造成高原西南侧中下层气流的爬升运动增强,导致高原西南侧降水异常偏多,同时,该西风异常可绕过高原形成异常西南风,与异常偏高的西太平洋副热带高压南侧湿润的东南风异常汇合于长江中下游地区,产生异常辐合上升运动,从而引起长江中下游地区冬季降水增强,反之亦然;而EOF2较EOF1位置偏东、偏南,低纬纬向风东伸较弱,对中国冬季降水影响不明显。这表明冬季高原上游西风异常分布的形态对下游中国区域降水的影响至关重要,而西风EOF1模态是NAO通过上下游效应影响中国冬季降水的一个重要媒介。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献