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多年冻土区道路工程病害类型及特征研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
多年冻土及多年冻土区恶劣的环境给工程构筑物的建设及维护带来了极大的挑战。以青藏工程走廊内的青藏公路、青藏铁路两大道路工程为研究对象,系统论述了其路基工程、桥梁工程、涵洞工程的主要病害类型及分布特征。现场调查显示,青藏公路80%的路基病害由多年冻土融沉所引起,主要表现为严重的不均匀沉降变形和纵向裂缝,且主要发生在高填方路基上。这两种病害与多年冻土地温及含冰量密切相关,地温越高,含冰量越大,病害越为严重。青藏公路桥梁工程的病害主要集中在附属工程及上部结构上,而涵洞工程病害则主要由冻胀、融沉作用、泥石流淤积、冰塞以及施工原因导致。青藏铁路沿线现场监测及调查结果表明,目前铁路路基病害主要为高温冻土区普通路基的（不均匀）沉降变形、纵向裂缝、路桥过渡段沉降变形、风沙灾害及块碎石材料风化引起的冷却路基结构失效等。此外,青藏工程走廊内广泛分布着包括冻胀丘、冰椎、冰幔、热融湖塘等不良冻土地质现象,当上述不良地质现象与工程接近时,会对道路工程的稳定性造成威胁,严重时可导致一些工程病害的发生。 相似文献
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针对地震台站使用的DSQ型水管倾斜仪,对仪器因环境变化、系统故障等原因引起的数据异常表象形态及原因进行剖析总结,提出了观测数据典型异常现象及故障的判定方法和检查思路,对台站做好观测仪器的日常维护维修具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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地震作用和车辆动载的日常冲击常常会引起钢箱梁的表面裂缝损伤。在日常检修和震后开展安全检查时,由于裂缝在整张图像中的占比较低且受到笔迹、锈迹和焊缝等因素的严重干扰,很难从现场采集到的图像中高效并精确地检测出裂缝。为此,本文基于卷积神经网络提出了一种结合裂缝定位和裂缝分割的级联裂缝检测模型。首先,采用分类模型在原始图像中定位出裂缝所在位置,然后采用U-Net模型实现对裂缝的像素级检测。结果表明：本文方法可以实现对大部分裂缝的精确检测,F1分数达到0.67,高于仅采用分割模型的0.55;此外,相比仅采用分割模型的检测方法,本文方法的检测效率提高了近70%,可达到9.25 s每张。 相似文献
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《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(4)
介绍永安地震台SZW-1A数字温度计(V2004)的组成及结构原理,分析日常观测中该仪器常见故障及典型故障的产生原因及排除方法,提出仪器稳定运行的日常维护管理注意事项,可为其他相关地震台站提供借鉴。 相似文献
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地下管线是城市生存和发展的基础,近年来随着城市地下空间的开发利用,管线周边形成了各种各样的地质病害体.为了有效预防这些病害体对地下管线安全运行的影响,本文在分析高频电磁波传播机理及影响因素基础上,研究了利用探地雷达检测地下管线周边病害体的技术方法.探地雷达工作参数的配置选择、干扰波的有效处理及雷达图像的精准识别是检测地质病害体的关键,重点从这三个方面进行了分析研究.天线中心频率、采样率、测点点距等工作参数最佳优化组合,确保了检测检测目标体的效果;增益调整、频率滤波、点平均等对干扰波的处理,有助于获得高信噪比,可获得高分辨率的雷达图像;根据雷达剖面图上异常波形特征来判断识别脱空、空洞、疏松体和富水体等地下病害体的位置及大小.这些问题的解决可为探地雷达检测病害体提供可靠技术支撑.最后结合工程实例,与其他方法对异常体的对比分析,验证了高频电磁法在检测地下病害体的的可行有效性,也为开展地下管线周边病害体的治理提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(4)
为了做好日常工作,基于微软VS2010开发环境,使用C语言研制山西地震前兆台网日常运行管理软件。主要实现网络化仪器监控、测项统计、监控日报编辑及报送、工作日志查询、数据查询、数据浏览、基础信息管理和维护、标定信息汇总等功能。软件应用提升了山西地震前兆台网运行管理自动化水平,提高了工作效率。 相似文献
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为提高基于模态参数的损伤识别方法的损伤敏感性和噪声鲁棒性,将多源数据融合技术引入到苏通大桥主梁损伤定位方法中。基于D-S证据理论对模态柔度和模态应变能指标进行数据融合,并以苏通大桥扁平钢箱梁为分析对象,对融合后损伤定位指标的应用效果进行了讨论。结果表明：基于数据融合的损伤定位方法具有较强的损伤敏感性,只需要较少的低阶模态信息就能识别主梁的早期损伤;数据融合后,损伤定位指标可以在较强的噪声环境下准确地识别斜拉桥钢箱梁的损伤,具有较好的工程实用性。 相似文献
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A 3D finite element (FE) model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges. 相似文献
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2008年汶川地震中庙子坪特大桥主桥箱梁开裂严重,并在两个端部（过渡墩处）有较大的横向残余位移。为深入了解主梁开裂震害原因,选取桥址附近台站实测的八条强震动记录及常用El Centro等波作为输入,考虑箱梁施工过程及初始应力影响,通过时程分析进行数值模拟并与实际震害比较。结果表明:不同地震波输入下得到的箱梁高应力区与实际开裂区吻合较好,预示箱梁开裂震害不属于偶然现象。箱梁在主墩处、边跨和中跨合龙段区域处的顶板,边跨1/6~1/2及中跨1/4~3/4区域处的腹板,边跨和中跨合龙段及其相邻2~3个节段处的底板,在地震中易出现高拉或压应力区。地震过程中估计纵向预应力筋应力增加接近100MPa,横桥向挡块破坏降低了跨中箱梁的拉和压应力,对箱梁开裂震害有一定减轻作用。 相似文献
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立交桥曲线箱梁动力分析模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了1种双脊骨空间有限元模型,用来模拟和分析立交桥曲线箱梁的固有振动特性和动力反应。将曲线箱梁分别看作是由空间梁或壳组成的空间结构,并分别采用分段空间直梁模型、壳元模型和实体元模型进行模拟,分析相同曲线箱梁的振动特性和地震时程反应,通过与双脊骨模型的计算结果的比较验证双脊骨模型的可靠性。初步研究了在相同曲率半径下不同跨度的曲线箱梁的固有振动特性,分析了双脊骨模型的脊骨间距、横向连接间距等参数对模型计算结果的影响。研究结果可为曲线梁桥抗震性能和地震反应分析提供参考。 相似文献
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The Sutong Bridge in China opened to traffic in 2008, and is an arterial connection between the cities of Nantong and Suzhou. It is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1,088 m. Due to a tight construction schedule and lack of suitable seismic devices at the time, fixed supports were installed between the piers and the girder in the transverse direction. As a result, significant transverse seismic forces could occur in the piers and foundations, especially during a return period of a 2500-year earthquake. Therefore, the piers, foundations and fixed bearings had to be designed extraordinarily strong. However, when larger earthquakes occur, the bearings, piers and foundations are still vulnerable. The recent rapid developments in seismic technology and the performance-based design approach offer a better opportunity to optimize the transverse seismic design for the Sutong Bridge piers. The optimized design can be applied to the Sutong Bridge(as a retrofit), as well as other bridges. Seismic design alternatives utilizing viscous fluid dampers(VFD), or friction pendulum sliding bearings(FPSB), or transverse yielding metallic dampers(TYMD) are thoroughly studied in this work, and the results are compared with those from the current condition with fixed transverse supports and a hypothetical condition in which only sliding bearings are provided on top of the piers(the girder can move "freely" in the transverse direction during the earthquake, except for frictional forces of the sliding bearings). Parametric analyses were performed to optimize the design of these proposed seismic devices. From the comparison of the peak bridge responses in these configurations, it was found that both VFD and TYMD are very effective in the reduction of transverse seismic forces in piers, while at the same time keeping the relative transverse displacements between piers and the box girder within acceptable limits. However, compared to VFD, TYMD do not interact with the longitudinal displacements of the girder, and have simpler details and lower initial and maintenance costs. Although the use of FPSB can also reduce seismic forces, it generally causes the transverse relative displacements to be higher than acceptable limits. 相似文献
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为避免震后建筑工程加固不合理导致再次受损,并为加固修复工程提供合理化建议,促进震后救灾工作顺利开展,提出震后建筑工程混凝土缺陷加固修复方法的研究。首先,对混凝土梁试件和混凝土柱试件进行设置,研究基于碳纤维布或外包钢套加固方法对混凝土梁和混凝土柱试件展开循环荷载试验;其次,通过混凝土梁试件滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性及耗能情况,分析不同加固修复方法的混凝土梁试件抗震性能;最后,通过混凝土柱试件延性及耗能、刚度退化和承载力退化情况,分析采用不同加固方法修复的混凝土柱试件抗震性能。试验结果显示：高配筋率可提升混凝土梁试件滞回特性,外包钢套加固混凝土梁试件滞回饱满程度较高、耗能较少,碳纤维布加固梁试件可将加载位移由10 mm延缓至30 mm,提升延性;碳纤维布加固可提升混凝土柱延性,外包钢套加固重度缺陷混凝土柱可以良好抑制其刚度和承载力退化。试验结果验证了碳纤维加固可提升震后建筑工程混凝土结构延性,外包钢套加固可抑制混凝土结构刚度、承载力退化。 相似文献
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This paper presents experimental information on the behaviour of sandwich box columns subjected to combined bending and axial loading. The sandwich box columns consisted of double thin-walled steel tubes with concrete between them. Owing to the interaction between steel and concrete, the composite members performed in a ductile manner during testing. Test results show that high strength/mass ratio characteristics were maintained, and the goal of obtaining significant member ductility was also achieved. The contribution of concrete to member performance was found to be more significant for members with higher steel width/thickness ratios. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献